考博英語模擬試卷233

考博英語模擬試卷233

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

1、Pleaseputyouremptycigarettepacketsandpaperbagsinthebinsprovided.

A^junk

BNlitter

C、scrap

D^deposit

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：此題考查對?單詞的記憶能力。各項的意思為：junk垃圾，舊貨；liller

垃圾（litterbin廢物箱）；scrap廢料；deposit存放物，沉淀物。根據(jù)句意可知,答案

是B。

2、Appliedresearch,tosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediate

attractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.

A、formulated

B、undertaken

C^attained

D、accomplished

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：各項含義是：formulated系統(tǒng)闡述；underlaken采用；atlained達到，

獲得；accomplished完成。句意為，采用應(yīng)用研究來解決實際問題，故選B。

3、Acompletelynewsituationwillwhenthenewexaminationsystemcomesinto

existence.

A、rise

B、raise

C、arise

D^arouse

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：各項含義是：rise上升；raise提高，養(yǎng)育；arise出現(xiàn)；arouse喚醒。

句意是：當(dāng)新的考試制度開始存在時，就會出現(xiàn)一種全新的形勢。故選C。

4、Itwasanallusiontov/hatthescientistthoughtwasaninappropriatedistributionof

fundsforstemcellresearch.

A、reference

B、contradiction

C、explanation

D、rejection

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：本題中，allusion的意思是“提及"。A項reference”提及”符合題意，

如：lomakereferencestotheheroicdeeds（提到英雄事跡）。其他三項contradiction”矛

盾”，explanation”解釋”,rejection"拒絕”都不正確。

5、Shescarletfeverwhenshewasababyandlosthereyesight.

A、distorted

contracted

C、subtracted

D、distracted

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：本題空格處是說當(dāng)她還是個嬰兒時就感染上了猩紅熱。contract”感

染''符合題意。distort“使扭曲”,subtract“減去”，distract“使分心”都不正確。

6、ThereisnotaGreekwordwhichistheexactoftheEnglishword'stile'.

A、equivalent

B、copy

C、counterpart

D、meaning

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析:equivalent相等物;copy.副本；counterpart相對物；meaning意義。

7、IndustrialleadersareWorriedlestnewinventionsmaketheirplantsunprofitableto

operate;theythereforewishtoprotectthemselvesagainstpossible.

A、depreciation

B、obsolescence

C、casualties

D^bankruptcies

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：（bankruplcy破產(chǎn)）。句意為：工業(yè)公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人擔(dān)心新的發(fā)明會使他

們的工廠經(jīng)營起來無利可圖。因此，他們希望保護好自己，以防止可能會出現(xiàn)的破

產(chǎn)。A.depreciation貶值；B.obsolescence廢棄；C.casualty嚴(yán)重傷亡事故。

8、Shehadashy,retiringsidetoherpersonalitythatwascompletelyatoddswithher

public.

A、persona

B、tummy

C、steppe

D、rendezvous

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析:publicpersona公眾角色；lummy胃，腹痛；steppe特指西伯利亞一帶

沒有樹木的大草原；rendezvous集合點。根據(jù)題意，A項為定確答案。

9、Thesearchforthelostshipmustbebecauseofpoorweather.

A、released

B、resigned

C>abandoned

D、surrendered

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：release釋放，發(fā)行。resigrr辭職。abandon放棄。surrender投降。

10、Asapsychotherapistwithmanypatientsintheir20's,Icanthef^ctthatnot

onlydomostofthemnothaveanyhealthinsurance,buttheyalsodonotexpectitasa

conditionoflivinginthiscountry.

A、attestto

B、contributeto

C^modify

D、interdict

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A

知識點解析：本題中,A項attestto”證實,證明”符合題意。其他三項contribuie

to“捐獻"；modi以"修改”；interdict“阻斷”都不正確。

11、Desertplantstwocategoriesaccordingtothewaytheydealwiththeproblem

ofsurvivingdrought.

A、breakdown

B、fallinto

C、differin

D、referto

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：從所給信息看，句子大意是“沙漠植物根據(jù)其對抗干旱的能力分為兩

類”。四個選項中,只有fallinto用于此意義。再如:Thepoemfallsintofour

cantos.（這首詩可分為四章。）Thoseproblemsfallnaturallyintoseveralmain

classes.（那些問題很自然地分為幾大類。）breakdown意為“毀掉，制服，壓倒”；

differin意為“不同”；referto意為”指,談到，參照

12、Manynetworkmembershadexpressedaninterestinthemerger,asitwillnotonly

strengthenthenetworkbutalsohelptoefforts.

summon

B、stimulate

C、soar

D^streamline

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

13、Thepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?

A^Whyareprojectionsoftheeffectsofchangesinwatervaporlevelsontheclimateso

inaccurate?

B、WhatarethestepsintheprocessthattakesplaceasCO2absorbslong-wavelength

radiation?

C、Howmightourunderstandingofthegreenhouseeffectbeimprovediftheburningof

fossilfuelsweredecreased?

D、WhatmightcauseaseriesofregularincreasesanddecreasesintheamountofCO2

intheatmosphere?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：litter亂扔雜物于。句意：我真不明白人們?yōu)槭裁丛谶@樣漂亮的花園

亂扔瓶瓶罐罐。locale確定...的地點;provide提供;protect保護。

14、Samplesofthisarticlewillbesenttoyoufree.

A、ofaccord

B>onrequest

C、forpayment

D^inadvance

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：句意：這篇文章的樣稿將會應(yīng)你的要求寄給你。onrequest有詳細(xì)資

料備索。inadvance預(yù)先；提前。

15、Mostpeoplespendfarmoreoftheirleisuretimewiththemassmediathaninany

other.

A、business

B、occupation

C、job

D、profession

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：occupation消遣,業(yè)余活動，職業(yè)。business商業(yè)，買賣。job工作，

職位。profession職業(yè),專業(yè)。

16、Ifapersontalksabouthisweaknesses,thelistenerisexpectedtosaysomethingin

thewayof.

assurance

B、encouragement

C、persuasion

D^confirmation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：本題空格處是說以鼓勵的方法。四個選項中，assurance的意思是“保

證“；encouragement的意思是"鼓勵"；persuasion的意思是"說服"；confirmation的

意思是“證實根據(jù)題意，B項為正確答案。

17、Oncethepriceofthelandhasbeen,wecangoaheadtobuildthehouse.

A^agreedon

B、agreedto

C、agreedat

D、agreedwith

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：本題A項"agreeon商定”符合題意。其他三項中，agree。的意思是

“同意（計劃、建議等）“；agreewith的意思是“同意（某人的看法或意見）”；agree-

般不與at搭配。因此正確答案只有A項。

Hedidnottellhisparentsbecauseheknewtheywouldtrytochangehismindbuthe

inacolleagueatwork.

A、involved

B>joined

C^engrossed

D、confided

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：confide"吐露（秘密）”，只有它與in搭配符合結(jié)構(gòu)要求。engross常用

于"engrossoneselfin...”,意思為“全神貫注地做...involve用于“involveoneself

in...”或“beinvolvedin...”，指“參與……”；join是及物動詞，應(yīng)直接帶賓語，意為

“參加，加入

19、studentsshouldbemotivatedbyakeeninterestintheatreandshouldhave

somefamiliaritywithplaysinproduction.

A、realistic

responsible

C>ethnic

D、prospective

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：realistic現(xiàn)實的；responsible可靠的，負(fù)責(zé)的。ethnic種族的。

prospective預(yù)期的。

20Whenautomationisintroducedintothefactory,alltheworkdonebyhand

willtheassemblyline.

A、givewayto

B、taketheplaceof

C>haveasayin

D、becuntribulcdto

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：本題的空格處是說將被裝配線所替代。A項givewayto”被……所替

代''符合題意。其他三項taketheplaceof代替……”；haveasayin"有……決定權(quán)”;

becontributedto"被用到中嗎”不正確。

21、Can'tyouspeakmoretoyourparents?

A^respectably

B、respectingly

C、respectively

D、respectfully

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：D選項的“respectfully尊敬地”符合題意。其他三項“A選項respectably

體面的;B選項respectingly關(guān)系，說到;C選項respectively分別的”都不正確。本

題是說難道你對父母說咕時不能再尊敬些嗎？

22Itwastheirdecisiontoleavetheircountry,andasaresult,theylosttheir

citizenship.

A、compulsory

B>deliberate

C、carefree

D、modest

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：deliberate深思熟慮的；compulsory義務(wù)的；carefree欠考慮的；

modest謙虛的。

23、Wheneveranythinghappens,acrowdofpeopleiscertaintogather.

A、famous

B、sensational

C、noted

D、well-known

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：sensational聳人聽聞的,轟動的;noted>well-known,famous都是表

示著名的意思。句意：無論什么時候只要發(fā)生了轟動的事，總會聚集一群人。

24、Theactorshavetobeforetheyappearinfrontofthestronglightson

television.

A、coverup

B、makeup

C、paintup

D、doup

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：B項“makeup化妝”符合題意。其他三項“A項coverup掩蓋；C項

paintup油漆;D項do叩收拾整齊”都不正確。本題空格處是說演員們得化妝。因

此B項為正確答案。

25、Theofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccording

totheiracademicperformance.

A、segregation

specification

C、spectrum

D、subscription

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

26、Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk

coherently.

A、honestly

B>appropriately

C、intelligibly

D、flexibly

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：coherently易懂地，有條理地；intelligibly可理解地，清楚地；

honestly誠實地;appropriately適當(dāng)?shù)?；flexibly靈活地,可變通地。

27、Therewaslittle,ifany,evidencetosubstantiatethegossipand,,therewaslittleto

disproveit.

A^bythesametoken

B、underthesamecondition

C^atthesamestage

D^forthesamepurpose

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：A項byihesameloken意思是“同樣地，由于同樣原因"，B項under

thesamecondition的意思是“在同樣的條件下”，C項表示“在同一個階段”，D項表

示“出于同樣的目的句子的意思是：幾乎沒有證據(jù)能證實流言，然而由于同樣原

因，也沒有證據(jù)能反證流言。根據(jù)句子的意思，只有A項符合。

28、Marywasextremelylucky:whenhergreat-uncledied,sheafortune.

A、cameby

B、cameover

C^cameinto

D、camethrough

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：四個選項的意思分別是：comeby得到，獲得：comeover在上空經(jīng)

過，順便來訪；comeinto加入，參加；comethrough穿過，接通。句意是，瑪麗非

常幸運：當(dāng)她的叔祖父去世后，她得到了一份遺產(chǎn)。

29、SteveEllshasneveradvicehecouldn'tignore,conventionalwisdomhe

couldn'tdisregard,arulehecouldn'tbreak.

A、comeacross

B、comeupto

C^comeupagainst

D^comearound

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：本題答案是A。A項comeacross意為“偶然碰見,出現(xiàn)于,想到”。

其他三項詞義：comeupto意為“等于;到達（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等廣；comeupagainst意為“突然

地碰至ij（困難等）“；comearound意為“來訪，前來；蘇醒，復(fù)原comeupagainst

強調(diào)的是遇到困難、反對、不同意見等并力圖克服，而題干的主句中有never,從

句中有couldn't,雙重否定表達肯定的語意，即并天遇到困難。

30TheexperimentlongprovedthatX-rayscannotlead.

A^provoke

B、penetrate

C、plunge

D、perceive

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：在給出的選項中：provoke"煽動，惹起"；peneiraie”穿過，刺入，透

過"：plunge“使投入，將...插入，將刺進，使突然前傾“；perceive"察覺，

感知根據(jù)句意和各個選項的意思可知，正確答案是B。

二、閱讀理解（本題共〃8題，每題L0分，共〃8

分。）

ThearrivalonourTVscreensof"ViceVersa",thestorywhereapompousfatherchanges

placeswithhisdowntroddenschoolboysonisawelcomereminderthatthereareother

formsofrolc-rcvcrsalbesidestheonewherefatherwashesnappiesandmotherdrivesa

truck.Therearecountlessotherreversalsthatupsetusallthetime.Fromthemomenta

motherasksherchildtothreadaneedleforheronesuchreversalisunderway:it'sonlya

matteroftimebeforetheyoungerbosstheireldersasoncetheywerebossedaskids.The

manwhousedtohavejobstoofferismaderedundant,andforthefirsttimeinyearsfeels

whatit'sliketohavetoaskforwork.There'salotofrole-reversalinthoseactivities

whichareforsomereasoncalledLeisure-theoneswhichinvolvesweatingup

mountains,riskingruptureattheendofaropeorclingingtothetillerinagale.Dad,who

doesn'tknowwhichwayupisaspooninhisownhomekitchen,incampsuddenly

becomesafussyoldmaidaboutnotleavingthewashingup.whilemotherliesbackinthe

grassthinkingwhocares?Atleastthosereversalsaretemporary;andtemporaryreversals

haveoneincontestableblessing;theyletyouseehowitfeelstobetheotherguy.Afew

yearsbacktheobserverinvestigatedsomerole-reversedcouples,andfoundthatmostof

themrevertedtoamoreconventionalpatternwhensomephaseorcrisiswasover;thebig

advantage,theyallsaid,wasthatnowtheyknewwhattheotherpartyhadtoputupwith.

Youdon'talwaysknow,though,whetherthereversalistemporary.Money,forexample:

MaxBeerbohmwroteabeautifuldescriptionofthehostwhocouldn'tbeagoodguest,

butit'sonethingtobeaguestjustthisonce,orbecauseyou'veforgottenyourwallet;

quiteanotherwhenyou'reunemployedwithnoexpenseaccount.Inourfamily,wedo

changeplacesovermoney,sincebothofustendtospendwhenwe'vebeenworkinghard

andbeveryskinflintwhenwehaven't.Sothebemusedchildrenseethatatonemoment

Daddy'sthebigspender,lashingoutoncamerasandlittletripsabroad,whileMummy

wouldbebitinghernails,exceptthatshe'ssavingallnailclippingsthismonthtomake

pancleaners.Yetatotherlimesthemostnecessaryexpensessendtheirfatherintospasm,

whileIinsouciantlywritechequeswithasongonmylips.Ionlyhopeitteachesthem

flexibility.(426words)

31、Whatisthemostreasonablerole-reversalsituation?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：本文的主題是role-rcvcrsal”角色的轉(zhuǎn)換”。在這四個選項當(dāng)中，B“父

親在家，母親去外干活”應(yīng)該算得上是最現(xiàn)實的角色轉(zhuǎn)換，故選B。

32、Inthethirdparagraph,thewriterindicatesthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：第三段想說的是，人們在參加各種活動的時候，會不自覺地轉(zhuǎn)換角

色。這就說明，B“環(huán)境的改變，人的角色也會隨之改變”。

33、Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：B項意思為“夫妻倆在花錢問題上都是一會兒大方，一會兒小氣:最

后一段第一句中的skinflint是“小氣鬼”之意。

34、WhywouldMummybe"bitinghernails",basedonthecontext?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：bitinghernails是短語，是一種隱喻說法，意思為"焦慮”，人在緊張

或擔(dān)憂的時候往往會咬自己的手指甲。最后一段敘述的是，夫妻倆在經(jīng)濟方面也

會因有錢或無錢而產(chǎn)生不同的反應(yīng)。

35、WhatisNOTtrueofrole-reversal?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：B項的意思為“一旦兩個人調(diào)換了角色，他們就再也不能回到他們的

老樣子了”，這是不對的，與第五段內(nèi)容不符。

Zoosareamongmankind'soldestinstitutions,datingbackatleast4500years,and

probablymore.Acrosstheworldtheyhavebroughttogetheranddisplayedlivewild

animalsforpeopletolookatandovertheyearshundredsofmillionshave.Any

institutionwithsolongahistoryandsouniversallyattendedmustreachsomethingin

peopledeeperthanidlecuriosity.Sinceitisfashionabletospeakofrootstoday,itmight

besuggestedthatzoosallowustostayintouchwithourmostprimitiverootsina

primevalworldwherehumansurvivaldependedonknowingtheshapesandhabitsof

wildanimals.Soimportantwerewildcreaturestoourdistantancestorsthattheywerethe

mostfrequentsubjectsofpaintingsoncavewalls,formedthebasisfbrvirtuallyailearly

religions,andwerenumerousinstancesworshippedasgods.Nowoursurvivalis

threatenedmorebywhatweourselveshaveworked,andbythestressesoflivingamong

thesecreations,thatisbywildanimalstowhomwerelegatelessandlesslivingspace

witheachpassingyear.Theexponentialgrowthofhumanpopulationandtheever-

increasingsprawlofcitiesdoevenmore.Inthisworldtheneedforgoodzoological

gardensisurgent.Peopleliveinbrickconcreteandglassenvironmentswheretheylose

alltouchwithwilderness.Childrengrowuphavingnevertriedtocatchafrog,neverseen

ahawksoaroradeerstepdaintilyintoaforestclearing—letalonewatchedaherdof

elephantsambleacrossthesavannahoraprideoflionsstalkprey.Peoplewhohavethe

timeandmoneycantakeanoccasionaltriptotheremainingwilderness.Formillionsof

otherswhoareunabletoleavethecitiesorcan'taffordto,goodzooslaidoutamong

plantsandtreescanbringwhatconservationistIanPlayercalls"atasteofwilderness.H

Perhapsmoreimportantinthelongrun,zooscanhelpgivedeprivedpeopleofan

awarenessthatwcsharetheworldwithmanyotheranimalsandshouldhaveadecent

regardfortheirworthandrighttolive.Ifzoosdidnomorethanaccomplishthesetwo

ends,theywouldserveanoblepurpose.Asithappens,however,today'szooscandofar

more.Theycanbecomebreedingcentersfbrthosewildspecieswhosecontinued

existencehasbecomeprecarious.Theterm"captivebreeding"hasbeenusedtodescribe

thisnewroleofzoos,andthisbookdescribestheeffort-themostimportanttaskthat

zooshaveyetundertaken.(429words)

36、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：

知識之解析A：從全文，特別是帶有總結(jié)性的最后一段可以看出，本篇討論的是動物

園的作用，故選A。

37、Whatdoes"hundredsofmillions”(Line3,Para.1)referto?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：觀看過這些動物的人。

38、Whydoestheauthorsaythattheknowledgeoftheshapesandhabitsofwild

animalswasimportanttoourancestors?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：從第一段第四句后半部分可以看出，原始社會的人如果對動物的形狀

和習(xí)性不了解的話，他們的生存就會受到威脅。

39、Accordingtotheauthor,thebenefitsofbuildingzoosincitiesincludeeachaspect

EXCEPT.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：動物園不可能更好地照顧世界上所有的動物，再說文章中沒有提及。

40、Thispassagemaybeadoptedfrom

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：從文章最后半句…thisbookdescribestheeffort中的thisbook可以判斷

出該篇文章是書的前言。

Battlesarelikemarriages.Theyhavecertainfundamentalexperiencetheysharein

common;theydifferinfinitely,butstilltheyareallalike.Abattleseemstomeaconflict

ofwillstothedeathinthesamewaythatamarriageofloveistheidentificationoftwo

humanbeingstotheendofthecreationoflife-asdeathisthereverseoflife,andloveof

hate.Battlesarecommitmentstocausedeathasmarriagesarecommitmentstocreatelife.

Whether,foranyindividual.eitherunionresultsindeathorinthecreationofnewlife,

eachrisksit-andintheriskcommitshimself.Astheservantsofdeath,battleswill

alwaysremainhorrible.Thosewhoarefascinatedbythemarebeingfascinatedbydeath.

Thereisnobattleaimworthyofthenameexceptthatofendingallbattles.Anyother

conceptionis,literally,suicidal.Thefascistworshipofbattleisasuicidaldrive;itislove

ofdeathinsteadoflife.Inthesameidiom,totriumphinbattleovertheforceswhichare

fightingfordeathis-againliterally-totriumphoverdea:h.Itisasurgeon'striumphashe

cutsabodyandbloodieshishandsinremovingacancerinordertotriumphoverthe

deaththatisinthebody.InthesethoughtsIhavefoundmyownpeace,andIreturntoan

armythatfightsdeathandcynicisminthenameoflifeandhope.Itisagoodarmy.

Believeinit.

41sAccordingtotheauthor,battlesaresimilartomarriagesinthattheyare.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

42>Althoughtheauthorsaysthatbattlesarehorrible,healsosaysthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

43、Theauthorstatesthatonewhofightsabattletowardanyendotherthanpeaceis

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：暫無解析

44>Thearticlesaysthattheindividual,inbattleandinmarriage,must.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：暫無解析

45、Theauthorsaysthatcanceris.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

togetfromKathmandutothetinyvillageinNepal,DaveIrvine-Hallidayspentmorethan

twodays.Whenhearrived,hefoundvillagersworkingandreadingaroundbattery-

poweredlampsequippedwithlight-emittingdiodes,orLEDs—thesamelampshehadleft

therein2000.Irvine-Halliday,anAmericanphotonicsengineer,wasnotsurprised.He

chosetouseLEDbulbsbecausetheyarerugged,portable,long-lived,andextremely

efficient.Eachofhislampsproducesausefulamountofilluminationfromjustonewatt

ofpower.Villagersusethemaboutfourhourseachnight,thentopoffthebatteryby

pedalingageneratorforhalfanhour.Thecool,steadybeamisahugeimprovementover

lampsstillcommonindevelopingCountries.Infact,LEDshavebigadvantagesover

familiarincandescent（白熾的）lightsaswell—somuchsothatIrvine-Hallidayexpects

LEDswilleventuallytakeoverfromThomasEdison'soldlightbulbastheworld'smain

sourceofartificialillumination.ThedawnofLEDsbeganabout40yearsago.butearly

LEDsproducedredorgreenglowssuitablemainlyfbrdisplaysindigitalclocksand

calculators.Adecadeago,engineersinventedasemiconductorcrystalmadeofan

aluminumcompoundthatproducedamuchbrighterredlight.Aroundthesametime,a

JapaneseengineerdevelopedthefirstpracticalblueLED.Thissmalladvancehadahuge

impactbecauseblue,green,andredLEDscanbecombinedtocreatemostofthecolors

oftherainbow,justasthatinacolortelevisionpicture.Thesedays,high-intensitycolor

LEDsareshowingupeverywheresuchasihetrafficlights.Thereasonsfbrihcrapid

switchoverarcsimple.Incandescentbulbshavetobereplacedannually,butLEDtraffic

lightsshouldlastfivetoyenyears.LEDsalsouse80to90percentlesselectricitythan

theconventionalsignalstheyreplace.Collectively,thenewtrafficlightssaveatleast400

millionkilowatt-hoursayearintheUnitedStates.MuchbiggersavingsawaitifLEDs

cansupplantMr.Edison'sbulbattheofficeandinthelivingroom.Creatingawhite-light

LEDthatisenergy-saving,cheapandappealinghasprovedatoughengineering

challenge.Butallthemajorlightbulbmakers-includingGeneralElectric,Philips,and

Osram-Sylvania-arcteamingupwithsemiconductormanufacturerstomakeithappen.

46、Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanseethatDaveIrvine-Halliday.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：文章第1段說，當(dāng)哈利德到達尼泊爾遙遠(yuǎn)的小村莊時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)村民們

正用他留給他們的發(fā)光二極管的燈來工作和學(xué)習(xí)。

47、TheauthorimpliesthatvillagerslikedLEDbulbsverymuch,becausethey.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：這是一道引申判斷題。第2段提到，村民們每晚用電4個小時，然后

用腳踏的方式來給電池充電?？梢韵胂?，在一個遙遠(yuǎn)的小村莊，這可能是最理想的

充電方式了。

48、WhatdoesIrvine-HallidaythinkofLEDs?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：第2段接著說，發(fā)光二極管比愛迪生的白熾燈具有更大的優(yōu)越性，所

以哈利德期待它能取代白熾燈成為世界的主要人造光源。

49NWhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesnotagreewiththefactsinthepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：這是一道事實尋讀題。第3段說，10年前一位日本工程師研制出了

藍(lán)色發(fā)光二極管，這個小小的進展具有極大的影響，因為紅、綠、藍(lán)是組成彩虹的

主要顏色。

50、Thepassageimpliesthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：這道題需要分析判斷。最后一段說，研制出節(jié)能，廉價，美觀的白色

發(fā)光二極管是一個艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)。再聯(lián)想到文章前面提到，美國的交通指示燈換上了

節(jié)能耐用的二極管，而發(fā)展中國家還都用白熾燈。那么新能源的癥結(jié)就是不廉價，

這一判斷與選項A相符。

Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically'proved"byeconomiststhatthe

lawsofsocietymakeitnecessarytohaveavastarmyofpoorandjoblesspeopleinorder

tokeeptheeconomygoing.Today,hardlyanybodywoulddaretovoicetheprinciple.Itis

generallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcludedfromthewealthofthenation,either

bythelawofnatureorbythoseofsociety.Theopinionsareoutdated,whichwerecurrent

ahundredyearsago,thatthepoorowedtheirconditionstotheirignorancejackof

responsibility.Inallwesternindustrializedcountries,asystemofinsurancehasbeen

introducedwhichguaranteeseveryoneaminimumofsubsistenceincaseof

unemployment,sicknessandoldage.Iwouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethat,evenif

theseconditionsarenotpresent,inotherwords,onecanclaimthissubstanceminimum

withouthavingtohaveany"reason".Iwouldsuggest,however,thatitshouldbelimited

toadefiniteperiodoftimejet'ssaytwoyears,soastoavoidtheencouragementofan

abnormalattitudewhichrefusesanykindofsocialobligation.Thismaysoundlikea

fantasticproposal,butso,]think,ourinsurancesystemwouldhavesoundedtopeoplea

hundredyearsago.Themainobjectiontosuchaschemewouldbethatifeachperson

wereentitledtoreceiveminimumsupport,peoplewouldnotwork.Thisassumptionrests

onthefallacyoftheinherentlaziness,inhumannature.actually,asidefromabnormally

lazypeople,therewouldbeveryfewwhowouldnotwanttoearnmorethanthe

minimum,andwhowouldprefertodonothingratherthanwork.However,thesuspicions

againstasystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimumarenotgroundlessfromthe

standpointofthosewhowanttouseownershipcapitalforthepurposeofforcingothersto

accepttheworkconditionstheyoffer.Ifnobodywereforcedtoacceptworkinordernot

tostarve,workwouldbesufficientlyinterestingandattractiveinordertoinduceoneto

acceptit.Freedomofcontractispossibleonlyifbothpartiesarefreetoacceptandreject

if;inthepresentcapitalistsystemthisisnotthecase.Butsuchasystemwouldnotonly

bethebeginningofrealfreedomofcontractbetweenemployersandemployees,its

principaladvantagewouldbetheimprovementoffreedomininterpersonalrelationships

incvcrysphereofdailylife.

51、Peopleusedtothinkthatpovertyandunemploymentweredueto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：題目問：人們曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為，貧困和失業(yè)是由于什么?文章提到“The

opinionsareoutdated,whichwerecurrentahundredyearsago,thatthepoorowedtheir

conditionstotheirignorance,lackofresponsibility..'根據(jù)這句話可知，過去，人們

認(rèn)為，貧困和失業(yè)是由于貧困的人以及失業(yè)的人的個人缺點造成的。所以，答案是

Do

52、Nowitiswidelyacceptedthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：題目問：現(xiàn)在，已被廣泛接受的觀點是什么？文章提到“kisgenerally

acceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcludedfromthewealthofthenation,eitherbythe

lawofnatureorbythoseofsociety.”根據(jù)這句話可知，現(xiàn)在，已被廣泛接受的觀點

是大家都有權(quán)分享國家財富。所以，答案是C。

53、Theauthorarguesthatthesocialinsurancesystemshould.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：題目問：作者認(rèn)為，社會保險制度應(yīng)該怎樣?文章提到“Iwouldgoone

stepfurtherandarguethat,eveniftheseconditionsarenotpresent,inotherwords,

onecanclaimthissubstanceminimumwithouthavingtohaveany44reasonM.Iwould

suggest,however,thatitshouldbelimitedtoadefiniteperiodoftime.”通過這段話

可知，作者認(rèn)為，社會保險制度應(yīng)該為每個人在一段時間內(nèi)提供最低的生活保障。

所以，答案是D。

54Theword"fallacy"means.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：題目問：單詞“fallacy”的意思是什么?fallacy的意思是：謬誤，謬論。

各選項的意思是：doubl懷疑，疑最fact事實，實際；strongargument有力的論

據(jù)；wrongbelief謬誤，謬論。所以，答案是D。

55、Accordingtotheauthor,asystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimum.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：題目問：取據(jù)作者的觀點，最低生活保障制度怎么樣?最后一段：But

suchasystemwouldnotonlybethebeginningofrealfreedomofcontractbetween

employersandemployees,itsprincipaladvantagewouldbetheimprovementof

freedomininterpersonalrelationshipsineverysphereofdailylife.通過這段話可知，

答案是D。

Animportantpointinthedevelopmentofagovernmentalagencyisthecodificationofits

controllingpractices.Thestudyoflaworjurisprudenceisusuallyconcernedwiththe

codesandpracticesofspecificgovernments,pastorpresent.Itisalsoconcernedwith

certainquestionsuponwhichafunctionalanalysisofbehaviorhassomebearing.Whatis

alaw?Whatroledoesalawplayingovernmentalcontrol?Inparticular,whateffectdoes

ithaveuponthebehaviorofthecontrolleeandofthemembersofthegovernmental

agencyitself?Alawusuallyhastwoimportantfeatures,inthefirstplace,itspecifies

behavior.Thebehaviorisusuallynotdescribedtopographicallybutratherintermsofits

effectuponothers—theeffectthatistheobjectofgovernmentalcontrol.Whenweare

told,forexample,thatanindividualhas"committedpcijuryJwcarcnottoldwhathehas

actuallysaid."Robbery"and"assault"donotrefertospecificformsofresponse.Only

propertiesofbehaviorwhichareaversivetoothersarementioned-inperjurythelackof

acustomarycorrespondencebetweenaverbalresponseandcertainfactualcircumstances,

inrobberytheremovalofpositivereinforces,andinassaulttheaversivecharacterof

physicalinjury.Inthesecondplace,alawspecifiesorimpliesaconsequence,usually

punishment.Alawisthusastatementofacontingencyofreinforcementmaintainedbya

governmentalagency.Thecontingencymayhaveprevailedasacontrollingpracticeprior

toitscodificationasalaw,oritmayrepresentanewpracticewhichgoesintoeffectwith

thepassageofthelaw.Lawsarethusbothdescriptionsofpastpracticesandassurances

ofsimilarpracticesinthefuture.Alawisaruleofconductinthesensethatitspecifies

theconsequencesofcertainactionswhichinturn"rule"behavior.Theeffectofalaw

uponthecontrollingagency.Thegovernmentofalargegrouprequiresanelaborate

organization,thepracticesofwhichmaybemademoreconsistentandeffectiveby

codification.Howcodesoflawaffectgovernmentalagentsistheprincipalsubjectof

jurisprudence.Thebehavioralprocessesarccomplex,althoughpresumablynotnovel.In

ordertomaintainor"enforce"contingenciesofgovernmentalcontrol,anagencymust

establishthefactthatanindividualhasbehavedillegallyandmustinterpretacodeto

determinethepunishment.Itmustthencarryoutthepunishment.Theselaborsare

usuallydividedamongspecialsubdivisionsoftheagency.Theadvantagesgainedwhen

theindividualis"notundermanbutunderlaw"haveusuallybeenobvious,andthegreat

codifiersoflawoccupyplacesofhonorinthehistoryofcivilization.Codificationd(xis

not,however,changetheessentialnatureofgovernmentalactionnorremedyallits

defects.

56、Inthedevelopmentofagovernmentagency,.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：根據(jù)本文第一句話可知，在政府機構(gòu)的發(fā)展過程中，法律的作用是很

重