Unit1PastandpresentGrammar課件牛津譯林版八年級英語下冊

Unit1PastandpresentGrammarToday'sRecitingStarWarmingupWhatdoyouknowaboutMrChenandSunshineTown?MrChenhaslivedinSunshineTownsincehewasborn.MrChenhasmovedtoanewneighbourhood.Heandhiswifehavelivedinthisareasince1965.Thetownhaschangedalotovertheyears.Thegovernmenthasturnedpartofthetowncentreintoanewpark.…FreetalkPresentPerfectTense現(xiàn)在完成時Structureofthepresentperfecttensehave/has

+done

sb+

助動詞

（可以幫助構(gòu)成肯定、疑問和否定句）

動詞的過去分詞IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.（presentperfecttense）

whenIwasborn,llivedhereandIstillliveherewhenthewordsweresaid.Ilivedheretwoyearsago.（simplepasttense）Ilivedheretwoyearsago.SomethinghaschangedinthepasttwoyearsandIdon’tliveherenow.

1.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.UsingthepresentperfecttenseEddiehasjusteatenHobo’sfood.（presentperfecttense）2.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthathappenedinthepastandhasaconnectionwiththepresent.Eddieatethefood,andnowHobohasnothingtoeat.EddieateHobo’sfood.（simplepasttense）Thissentencestatesafactinthepastandithasnoconnectionwiththepresent.IhavealreadyvisitedMrChen’sneighbourhoodseveraltimes.（presentperfecttense）3.Wealsousethepresentperfecttensetotalkabouthowmanytimesanactionhashappenedtillnow.ThissentencetellsusthatIhavevisitedMrChen’sneighbourhoodseveraltimesbythetimethesewordsaresaid.1.表示過去某一時刻開始的動作或狀態(tài),一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞。標志詞：此用法常與for,since,theseyears,sofar,inthepast/last…years等連用。2.表示動作發(fā)生在過去，和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，對于現(xiàn)在造成的一定的影響,強調(diào)的是影響,不能出現(xiàn)具體時間。標志詞：此用法常與already,just,yet,ever,never,recently,before(句末)等連用。3.表示到目前為止，動作發(fā)生多少次了。標志詞：此用法常never,oncetwicethreetimes,howmanytimes等連用。SummaryThePresentPerfectTense-HowtoformHehasjustgonehome.Shehasalreadyhadaholidaythisyear.Ithasbroken!IhaveseenmynewEnglishteacher.Theyhaveboughtanewcar.Youhavefinishedtheexercise.Wehaveseenthisfilmbefore.Workouttherule!◆Weuse“have

+done”withpronounslike_____,_____,_____and_____.◆Weuse“has+done”withpronounslike_____,_____and_____.ItheyyouwehesheitWorkouttherule!Ihaven’t/havenotdonemyhomeworkyet.Youhaven’t/havenotansweredmyquestion.Wehaven’t/havenotworkedonafarm.Theyhaven’t/havenotseeneachotherforages.Hehasn’t/hasnotbeenhomeforfiveyears.Shehasn’t/hasnotfoundanewjob.Ithasn’t/hasnotfinishedyet.◆

Presentperfecttense—Negativesentenceshaven’t/havenothasn’t/hasnot+done

sb+Workouttherule!◆

Presentperfecttense—Yes/NoquestionsHave/Has+done...?+sbHaveIeverdoneitbefore?Haveyoupractisedthepianorecently?Havewedoneitright?Havetheygonehomeyet?Hasheworkedherelong?Hasshealreadysentthefax?Hasitworkedproperly?Workouttherule!◆

Presentperfecttense–Wh-questionshave/has+done...?+sbWhathaveIdonerecently?Howlonghaveyoustudiedhere?Howlonghavewebeentogether?Wherehavetheyworked?HowmanytimeshashevisitedCanada?Whatcountrieshasshevisited?Wherehasitbeen?Wh-words+

1.Hehascleanedhisroom.(變成一般疑問句，并且給出肯定和否定回答）Has

hecleanedhisroom?Yes,hehas./No,hehasn't.2.ShehaslivedinLondonforfouryears.(劃線部分提問）Howlong

has

shelivedinLondon?3.HehasbeentoChina,___________?（寫出反意疑問句部分）hasn’the4.Theyhavecomebackfromwork.(變成否定句）Theyhaven'tcomebackfromwork.Practice

WhatarethekeywordsforthePresentPerfectTense?A:______yourbrother___________hishomeworkyet?(finish)B:Yes,he'salreadydoneit.Has

finished

yet

already

注意：already用于肯定句，yet常用于疑問句（表已經(jīng)）和否定句（表還）中already(肯定句句中或句末，“已經(jīng)”)yet(否定句/疑問句，“還、已經(jīng)”)ever(疑問句，“曾經(jīng)”)never(從不)since（自從）for+一段時間just（

肯定句，“剛剛”）

Wecanusethesetimeexpressionswiththepresentperfecttensewhichrefertotherecentpastorincludethepresent.Attentionrecently(最近)sofar=uptonow=tillnow(迄今，到目前為止)inthepast/last10years（在過去的十年里）overtheyears(在這些年)before(以前)once/twice/manytimesHowmanytimes+問句ThepastparticiplesofverbsD.

study

–

carry

–work–look–clean–play–B.live–hope–C.stop–plan–

workedlookedcleanedplayedlivedhopedstoppedplannedstudiedcarriedCompetitionThepastparticiplesofregularverbs(規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞)構(gòu)成方法原形過去時一般情況在動詞原形后加-edfinishanswerfinishedanswered以字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，只加-dmovediemoveddied以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞，把y改為i,再加-edcarrycrycarriedcried以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-edstopplanstoppedplannedPresentation寫出下列動詞的過去分詞：worklikecrystaylearnusehelpfinishcookarriveworkedlikedcriedstayedlearnedusedhelpedfinishedcookedarrivedPractice不規(guī)則動詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成參見P122

原形過去式

過去分詞

costcostcostreadreadread

meetmetmetcatchcaughtcaught

bewas/werebeenfallfellfallendrawdrewdrawnflyflewflownseesawseenABBAAA

ABC用現(xiàn)在完成時完成下列句子：partB(P14)1.They______________(finish)theirhomeworkalready.2.John_______never_______(visit)China.3.MrLi______________(repair)overtenbicycles

sinceMonday.4.We________________(notsee)eachotherforyears.5.Myparents______________(notcome)back

yet.6.Ourteacher_____________(teach)usalotaboutthehistoryofChina.havefinishedhavevisited

hasrepairedhaven’tseenhaven’tcomehastaughtMorepracticeinthepastatpresentActivityUseatleastfivesentencesinthepresentperfecttensetodescribethechangesinSuqian.

Suqianhasturnedintoamoderncity.However,over20yearsago,peoplelivedintheoldareaswitholdhousesandnarrowstreets.Theyusuallytravelled

aroundthecity

by

bicycle

oronfoot,and

therewasmuchpollution.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceheresince1999.Peoplehavebuiltmanywideroadsandtallbuildings.Theyhaveplantedtrees

alongtheroadsaswell.Mostpeoplehavemovedinto

newflatsandhavelivedcomfortably.

Now,peoplecantravelbybus,

taxi,

trainandhigh-speedtrain.The

governmenthastakenaction

to

makeallthesehappen.People’slivingconditionshaveimprovedalot.PeopleenjoylivinginSuqianbecauselifeherehasbecomemorecolourful.

現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語過去分詞的構(gòu)成Conclusion1.HaveyoumetMrLi______？Ａ.justnowＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago2.Thefamouswriter____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswriting