項目制學術(shù)英語寫作教程 教案Teacher's 02 WEEK 2 Constructing Space for a Survey Project

PAGEPAGE7WEEK2ConstructingSpaceforaSurveyProjectPARTAUnderstandingthetext1.final-year:4th-year(inLeeds)epitomise:tobeaperfectexampleofaqualityortypeofthingautonomouslearning:asituationinwhichlearnersareresponsiblefortheirlearning&ispronouncedas/??mp??s?nd/ampersand;itmeans“and”benign:pleasantandkindapproval:apositiveopinionofsomeoneorsomethinge.g.:abbreviationforexempligratia,aLatinphrasethatmeans“forexample”informationsheet:adocumentthatcanbeusedtogetbasicinformationaboutanindividual,company,ororganizationassumed:supposedactualise:tomakesomethingthatcouldpossiblyhappenorbeachievedreallyhappenorbeachievedreliance:thestateofdependingonortrustingsomethingorsomeonewhilst:whileaffirm:tostatesomethingastruealternative:differentfromsomethingelseandabletobeusedinsteadofitlearningconfiguration:therecommendedrelationshipamongthelearner,thecurriculumframework,educationalstrategies,andtheinfluenceofindustryneedsonallthreediminish:toreduceorbereducedinsizeorimportancelatent:presentbutneedingparticularconditionstobecomeactive,obvious,orcompletelydevelopedauthority-dependence:dependenceontherulingofanauthorityastowhethersomethingisrightorwronginterdependentlearning:learningthatrequiresconnectingtoothersandcannotbedonealone.independentlearning:amethodorlearningprocesswherelearnershaveindependenceandcontroloftheirlearning—theylearnbytheirownactionsanddirect,regulateandassesstheirownlearningpeerlearning:aneducationalpracticeinwhichstudentsinteractwitheachothertolearn,includingone-on-onetutoring,classroomgroups,writingworkshops,semester-longprojectteams,andmore2.Myanswer:Itisastatementofopinion.Myreason:Theword“seen”indicatesthatitisavaluejudgmentthatexpressesafeelingorview.3.Bannister&Clegg,2004)”means:thethreeauthors’lastnamesandtheyearofpublicationofthereference.Theirrelationshipmaybe:co-authors.Possiblereasons:Citingexistingstudieshelpsplacetheresearchwithinabroadercontextofthefield.ItdemonstratesthattheresearcherisawareofthecurrentstateofknowledgeintheareaofInaddition,itlendscredibilitytotheresearch.Theirreason(s)orpurpose(s)maybe:Inthistheauthorsrevealtherelationshipbetweentheresearchersandtheresearchparticipants.Beingasupervisorisbeneficialforthemtogetaccurateandscientificdata.Membersofthe“supervise”family:VerbNounAdjectivesupervisesupervisorsupervisionsupervisoryMyunderstanding:Thestudentsmaythinkthatthereisacorrectprocedureforthemtofollowwhendoingaproject.Theauthors’attitude:Thestudentsareeagertofollowtheso-calledrightwayofdoingaproject,andtheyusuallyrelyontheirteachers.Theauthorsdisapproveofsuchanattitudeandhopethatthestudentscanrelyonthemselvesanddiscovertheirownproperwayofdoingresearch.Myanswer:Itisastatementoffact.Myreason:Itisastatementthatcanbeverifiedandobjectivelyproventobetrueorfalse.PARTBMainfeaturesofacademicwriting1.FeatureExample1)Formalvocabularyautonomouslearning,authority-dependence2)Useofreferences(Todd,Bannister&Clegg,2004)3)Impersonalstyle…thispaperdetailsapilotstudyexploringhowstudentsengagedinacollaborativepeerlearningenvironmentthatranalongsidetheirfinal-yearprojectwork.4)Long,complexsentencesAlthoughinpsychology,undergraduatefinal-yearresearchprojectsareseenasepitomisingautonomouslearning(Todd,Bannister&Clegg,2004),we,assupervisors,noticedthatprojectstudentsareoftenanxiousaboutwhethertheyareconductingtheirresearchthe“right”wayandtheycanbeoverlycautiousaboutmakingdecisions(eventhemostbenignones)withoutsupervisoryapproval(e.g.“ShouldIreadthisjournalornot?”“IsitOKtohavecolouredfontoninformationsheets?”).5)PassivevoiceWethusquestionedwhethertheassumedlevelofindependencewithinfinal-yearprojectworkistrulyactualised,andwhethersupervisioninitsstandardformmayattimespromoterelianceonanauthorityfigure.Theirconnectionis:Thethirdsentenceintroducestheinterestsandpurposeoftheresearch,whilethefourthsentencefurtherexplainsthefocusofthestudy.Thecoherenceisachievedthrough:thetransitionword“thus”thatlinksthetwosentencesandindicatesthelogicalorderbetweenthem.3.SentenceTensePurposeAlthoughinpsychology,undergraduatefinal-yearresearchprojectsareseenas...presenttenseintroducingthecontextorbackground…we,assupervisors,noticedthatprojectstudentsareoftenanxious...pasttensepresenttenseprovidingapersonalexperienceoranobservationthusquestionedwhethertheassumedlevelofindependencewithinfinal-yearprojectworkistrulyactualised...…wewereinterestedinexamining...pasttensepasttensestatingtheresearchproblemorquestionthatarisesfromtheobservation;expressingtheresearchobjectiveoraimbasedontheidentifiedproblemThus,thispaperdetailsapilotstudyexploringhowstudentsengaged...presenttensepasttenseoutliningthepurposeandscopeofthepaperImportantroleoftheadverbs:Theyaddsubtletyandprecisiontothedescriptionofthestudents’experiencesandtheresearchers’reflections.Theyhelptoconveythefrequency(often),degree(overly,most),certainty(truly),andprogressionofideas(further),enrichingthetextandmakingtheargumentmorepersuasive.Roleofthemodalverbs:Theyofferavarietyofperspectivesontheevent,state,etc.denotedbytheverbphrase.(Forreferenceonly):Coordinateclauseandphrase1.&2.Mytranslation:Inwritingresearch,definitionsofsyntacticcomplexityemphasizebothrangeandsophisticationofsyntacticstructuresapplied.Insecondlanguagewritingresearch,particularemphasishasbeenattachedtosyntacticcomplexitybecauseitisusedasameanstoanalyzelanguageproficiencyanddevelopmenttrajectories.Comment:TheoriginalEnglishversionisacompoundsentencewithtwoclausesjoinedby“and.”Thesecondclauseaddsmoreinformationtothetopicunderdiscussion,namelysyntacticThepassivevoiceandtheprepositionalphrasesusedinthesecondclauseaddvarietytothesentence.Inaddition,thefirstclausehasacoordinatephrase“boththerangeandthesophistication...”whichincorporatesmoreinformationintothesentence.ThoughtheoriginalEnglishversionhasbasicstructures,coordinateclauses,prepositionalphrasesandpassivevoiceservetorevealsyntacticcomplexity.TheChinesetranslation(Mytranslation)usestheSVstructures(theverbsbeing“強調(diào)”“重視”“將之作為”).Thepart“將之作為分析……”sharesthesamesubjectwiththepreviouspart,namely“二語寫作.”“將之作為分析……”correspondsto“...asameansof...”intheoriginalEnglishversion.ItistranslatedinthiswaybecauseChinesefavorsshortclauses.Onthewhole,betweenthetwoSVstructures,thereisnoexplicitconnectiveapplied,revealingatypicalfeatureofChinesesyntax.TheEnglishtranslation(Mytranslation),followingtheChinesetranslationtreatstheSVformsasindependentsentences.Thepart“將之作為分析……”istranslatedasanadverbialclauseintroducedby“because,”makingthesecondsentenceacomplexsentence(復合句).Inthis,theEnglishtranslationhassyntacticcomplexityrevealedinthepresenceoftheadverbialclause.TheEnglishtranslationhasacomplexsentence,asignofsyntacticcomplexity.However,Englishsometimesprefersusingphrases(nounphrases,prepositionalphrases,forinstance).Mytranslation:Itisevidentthat,comparedwithothermajorpartgenres,thepartgenreofintroductionhasdrawndisproportionateattentioninresearchandpedagogicalaspects.Comment:TheoriginalEnglishversionhastwoadjectivewords“scholarly”and“pedagogical,”givingdetailedinformationtothenoun“attention,”asignofcarefulplanningandediting.Besides,thephrase“relativeto...”isplacedattheendwhichreflectstheend-weightprincipleinEnglish.TheChinesetranslationhastwocoordinatewords“研究”and“教學”toembodytwoadjectivewords“scholarly”and“pedagogical”intheoriginalEnglishversion.Thepart“relativeto...”ismovedtothebeginningintheChinesetranslation,whichreflectsthelinguistichabitofChinesewhichfavorsanadverbialatthebeginningofasentence.TheEnglishtranslation(Mytranslation)followsthewordorderoftheChinesetranslationinwhichtheadverbial“comparedwith...appearsatthebeginningofthesentenceThewords研究and教學intheChineseversionsuggestthepresenceof“research”and“pedagogical”intheEnglishtranslation.Subordinateclause1.&2.Mytranslation:Ifsuchanalysesincludedisciplinarycommunities,theyoftenrepresentacomparisonpointsoastoprovideatargetfordevelopingwriters.Comment:TheoriginalEnglishversionhasasubordinateclauseintroducedby“when”whiletheChinesetranslationuse“時”toindicateaclauseintroducedby“when.”TheEnglishtranslation(Mytranslation)choosesasubordinateclauseintroducedby“if”tocompletethetranslation.Mytranslation:Basturkmen(2009)notesthatalthoughthereareexampletexts,studentwritersstillstruggletounderstandformsandfunctionsoftheresearchreportsections.Comment:TheoriginalEnglishversioncontainsasubordinateclauseintroducedby“that.”IntheChinesetranslation,thepart“inspiteof...”intheoriginalEnglishversionischangedintoasubordinateclause盡管有樣本作文whichisjuxtaposedwiththeclause學生作者依然經(jīng)常會費力地理解……Inaddition,“inspiteof...”intheoriginalEnglishversionismovedaheadintheChinesetranslationtoconformtotheChineselinguistichabitinwhichbackgroundinformationisprovidedtowardthebeginningofasentence.TheEnglishtranslation(MytranslationthenfollowsthewordorderoftheChinesetranslationasaresultofthetransferenceoftheChinesesyntax.PARTC1.Thefirstsentence.TheauthorsrefertotheresearchbyTodd,Bannister&Clegg(2004).Thefirstsentence.Theauthorsshowtheirobservationofstudents’behaviorsandthoughtsintheirresearch.Thesecondsentence.Theauthorsraisedtwoquestionsonthebasisoftheirobservation.Thefirstquestioniswhethertheassumedlevelofindependencewithinfinal-yearprojectworkistrulyactualized.Thesecondquestioniswhethersupervisioninitsstandardformmayattimespromoterelianceonanauthorityfigure.Thefourthsentence.Theresearchquestionishowstudentsengagedinacollaborativepeerlearningenvironmentthatranalongsidetheirfinal-yearprojectwork.Theauthorsexplainthatapilotstudyisconductedtoachievethepurposeofthestudy.Mychoice:c,e,g,hReasons:Reason1:Theauthorscomparetheideasandconceptsinpsychologywiththeirownobservation.Reason2:Theauthorstrytomakegeneralizationsfromtheirownobservation,andtheyshowsomeexamplesasevidence.Reason3:Theauthorsadmittheneedforandbenefitfromprojectsupervision,andproposethenecessitytopromotestudents’interdependentandindependentlearning.Reason4:Theauthorsidentifytheassumptionthatundergraduatefinal-yearresearchprojectsareepitomizingautonomouslearningandexpresstheirdoubt.(Forreferenceonly)ReadbroadlyandwidelytofindasubjectwhichIampassionateabout,andthennarrowdownthefocustoasinglequestion.Thequestionneedstobeinterestinginthesensethatitaddressescurrentissues.Atthesametime,itneedstobesufficientlynarrowandconstrainedsothatitcanbeanswered.4.FormasurveygroupIntroduceandreviewpreviousresearchProvidethedailyobservationEstablisharesearchgapDecideonaresearchideaConstructapilotstudyPARTD1–5Omitted(Forreferenceonly)Asurveycanbeavaluabletooltohelpaddressthenationalandlocalneeds.Itisimportanttoaddressthespecificissuesthatmattertothecommunityandfindwaystoimproveitsoverallwell-being.Thespecificneedsaddressedbyyoursurveydependonitsfocusandthepopulationsurveyed.Forexample,surveysconductedinschoolscanhelpidentifygapsineducationalresourcesorsupportsystems,leadingtoimprovedfundingandprogramming.Nationalheroesareoftenmotivatedbybothpersonalandcollectiveneeds.Foronething,theyhaveastrongsenseofresponsibilitytohelptheircountryandfellowcitizens.Theystrivetomake