Unit1FestivalsandCelebrationsDiscoveringUsefulStructures課件-高中英語人教版2

Unit1FestivalsandCelebrationsDiscoveringUsefulStructuresTeachingObjectives:1.Studentswillmastertheusageofthe-ingformsusedasattributesandpredicativethroughself-studyandpractice.2.Studentscanusethe-ingformsusedasattributesandpredicativetoexpresstheirideas.Keyanddifficultpoints:Keypoint：Helpstudentsidentifytheusageofthe-ingformsusedasattributesandpredicative.Difficultpoint：Howtousethethe-ingformsusedasattributesandpredicativeinrealsituation.Lead-in01Readthesentencesbelowanddiscussthefunctionsandmeaningsoftheitalicised-ingform.?Theselanternsareamazing.?FamiliescelebratingtheLunarNewYearcanenjoyexcitingdragondancesandcarnivalstogether.?DuringtheMid-AutumnFestivalinChina,familiesgathertoadmiretheshiningmoonandenjoydeliciousmooncakes.amazingshiningcelebratingtheLunarNewYearexcitingThe-ingformastheAttributive02動(dòng)名詞作定語動(dòng)名詞作定語，說明它與被修飾語是"目的或用途關(guān)系"。awalkingstickawalkingstickawaferingcan我們可以用fordoing或usedfordoing來置換這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞，放在被修飾語之后作定語。aswimmingpool→apoolforswimming→apoolusedforswimming

awaitingroom→aroomforwaitingreadingmaterials→materialsforreading現(xiàn)在分詞作定語說明被修飾語與現(xiàn)在分詞是“主謂關(guān)系”。現(xiàn)在分詞的特征是“主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行”,一般可以擴(kuò)展為一個(gè)主動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句，從句常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。單個(gè)的現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語，分詞短語作后置定語。單個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語asleepingbaby→ababywhoissleepingabarkingdog→adogthatisbarking現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismybrother.=Theboywhoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismybrother.在操場(chǎng)上踢足球的男孩是我弟弟。playingfootballontheplaygroundDoyouknowthegirlstandingbytheschoolgate=Doyouknowthegirlwhoisstandingbytheschoolgate你認(rèn)識(shí)站在學(xué)校門口的那個(gè)女孩嗎t(yī)hegirlstandingbytheschoolgatewhoisstandingbytheschoolgatewhoisplayingfootballontheplayground有時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞不一定表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如果現(xiàn)在分詞表示習(xí)慣意義，如人的國(guó)籍、職業(yè)、事物的客觀存在等，轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句則用一般時(shí)態(tài)。Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.=Theyarevisitorswhocomefromseveralcountries.他們是來自幾個(gè)國(guó)家的游客。comingfromseveralcountrieswhocomefromseveralcountriesAyoungmanwritingnovelscametogiveusareportyesterday.=Ayoungmanwhowritesnovelscametogiveusareportyesterday.一位寫小說的青年昨天來向我們作報(bào)告。writingnovelswhowritesnovels現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，如果被修飾詞與其是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則要用被動(dòng)式beingdone，表示正在被做。Thetallbuildingbeingbuiltnowisourschoollibrary.正在被建的那座高樓是我們學(xué)校的圖書館。Thequestionbeingdiscussedwaspresentedbytheheadmaster.正在被討論的問題是校長(zhǎng)提出的。beingbuiltbeingdiscussed在下列情況下，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，應(yīng)使用定語從句。（1）如果作定語的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或者與句子謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作不在同一個(gè)時(shí)間范圍，應(yīng)使用定語從句，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。Theprofessorvisitingourschoolyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.Theprofessorwhovisitedourschoolyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.（2）現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，主要用來作狀語，表示動(dòng)作早于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生，但不能作定語。ThegirlhavingturnedinherpaperisCheryl.ThegirlwhohasturnedinherpaperisCheryl表示情緒變化的現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞作定語一些表示令人情緒變化的現(xiàn)在分詞表示事物本身的性質(zhì)及給人的感受，多用來修飾、描寫事物，意為"令人……的"。這類形容詞是由表示人的心理或情緒變化的"使令性動(dòng)詞"變來的。Thenewsexcitesallofus.Thatistosay,thisisexcitingnewsorthenewsisexciting.這消息使我們大家很興奮。也就是說，這是令人興奮的消息，或者說這消息是令人興奮的。excite是一個(gè)表示人的心理或情緒變化的"使令性動(dòng)詞"，意為"使興奮;使激動(dòng)"。exciting是它的現(xiàn)在分詞和形容詞，作定語或表語。amazing,amusing,annoying,astonishing,boring,confusing,convincing,disappointing,discouraging,disturbing,embarrassing,encouraging,fascinating,frightening,frustrating,inspiring,

interesting,moving,pleasing,puzzling,pleasing,relaxing,satisfying,striking,shocking,surprising,tiring,touching,terrifying,worrying等常見的這類詞有這些分詞形容詞既可以作定語，也可以作表語，而且都是由相應(yīng)的“使令性動(dòng)詞”變來。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語過去分詞作定語語態(tài)不同現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義過去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義Thewomanstandingbesidehimishissecretary.站在他旁邊的那個(gè)女人是他的秘書。Sheshowedmethebookrecommendedbytheprofessor.她把教授推薦的書給我看了看。thewoman與stand是主動(dòng)關(guān)系thebook與recommend是被動(dòng)關(guān)系Thewomanstandingthebookrecommended時(shí)間不同現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作過去分詞表示過去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作thechangingworld正在發(fā)生變化的世界thechangedworld已經(jīng)變化了的世界現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，擴(kuò)展成定語從句是主動(dòng)語態(tài)Thewomanstandingbesidehimishissecretary.→Thewomanwhoisstandingbesidehimishissecretary.過去分詞作定語，擴(kuò)展成定語從句是被動(dòng)語態(tài)Sheshowedmethebookrecommendedbytheprofessor.→Sheshowedmethebookwhichhadbeenrecommendedbytheprofessor.ThewomanstandingThewomanwhoisstandingthebookrecommendedthebookwhichhadbeenrecommended動(dòng)名詞作定語不定式作定語(1)不定式作定語往往表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，放在被修飾詞的后面。Bettyisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.貝蒂總是第一個(gè)來最后一個(gè)走。習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Ihavealotofworktodothisafternoon.今天下午我有很多工作要做。(2)動(dòng)名詞作定語往往表示用途或作用,放在被修飾詞的前面。awalkingstick=astickwhichisusedforwalking手杖areadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreading閱覽室alwaysthefirsttocomealotofworktodo過去分詞被動(dòng)式作定語動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)式作定語現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式作定語done,beingdone和tobedone，這三種非謂語形式都表示被動(dòng)，都可以作定語，但它們是有明顯區(qū)別的。done表示"已經(jīng)被做"，beingdone表示"正在被做"，tobedone表示"將要被做"。Themeetingheldyesterdayisofgreatimportance.昨天召開的會(huì)議很重要。Themeetingbeingheldnowisofgreatimportance.現(xiàn)在正在召開的會(huì)議很重要。Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天將要召開的會(huì)議很重要。held已經(jīng)被做beingheld正在被做tobeheld將要被做The-ingformasthePredicative03動(dòng)名詞作表語動(dòng)名詞作表語，說明主語的具體內(nèi)容。作主語的名詞往往表示人的愛好、習(xí)慣或職業(yè)。Herhobbyiscollectingstamps.她的業(yè)余愛好是集郵。Theonlywaytocureyourdiseaseisgoingtobed.治療你的病的唯一辦法是睡覺。collectingstampsgoingtobed現(xiàn)在分詞作表語現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，說明該現(xiàn)在分詞具備了形容詞的作用。它表示句子的主語所具備的某種性質(zhì)，這個(gè)性質(zhì)是主動(dòng)的，具備使令意味，讓人在情緒上發(fā)生變化。Tom'sprogressinEnglishissatisfying.湯姆在英語上的進(jìn)步是令人滿意的。Thestoryaboutspacetravellingisinteresting.那個(gè)關(guān)于宇宙旅行的故事很有趣。Itwasamazingthatheknewnothingabouttheevent.他對(duì)這個(gè)事件毫不知情，真讓人感到詫異。satisfyinginterestingamazing動(dòng)名詞作表語、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞作表語的辨別Herjobisdoingthehomework.句1的意思是"她的工作是做作業(yè)"。本句中，is是系動(dòng)詞，lookingafterthechildren是動(dòng)名詞短語作表語，它說明主語的具體內(nèi)容。主語和表語是對(duì)等關(guān)系，所以可以互換位置而意思保持不變：Doingthehomeworkisherjob.動(dòng)名詞作表語、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞作表語的辨別Sheisdoingthehomework.句2的意思是"她正在照料孩子"。本句中，is是助動(dòng)詞，lookingafterthechildren是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，一起構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，所以is前后兩部分不能互換。不可說:*Doingthehomeworkisshe.動(dòng)名詞作表語、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞作表語的辨別Herjobisveryboring.句3的意思是"她的工作很無聊"。這是現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞boring作表語，表明boring具備了形容詞的作用，用程度副詞very修飾，說明它已經(jīng)是形容詞了。由于它是由使令性動(dòng)詞bore變化而來，具有主動(dòng)使令意味。所以，可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)主謂賓的句子:Herjobboresher.“她的工作令她厭倦”。Practice04Fillintheblanksusingtherightformsofthegivenwords.1.Oneofthegoodexercisesis_______________(swim).

2.Therealproblemis___________(get)toknowtheneedsofthecustomers.

3.Theimportantthingnowis_______________(save)lives.

4.Thesituationbothathomeandabroadisvery_____________(inspire).

5.Thebookis______________(interest)andI’minterestedinit.

6.Poemswhichseemeddulland______________(bore)suddenlycametolife.

6.Herememberedournamesfromtenyearsago—isn’tthatjust__