2017年高考英語一輪復習第一部分基礎知識聚焦Unit4Earthquakes課件新人教版必修1

路漫漫其修遠兮吾將上下而求索走向高考·英語人教版·高考總復習Unit4

Earthquakes必修一第一部分基礎知識聚焦考點探究演練2基礎知識鞏固3基礎知識晨記1基礎知識晨記Ⅰ.單詞速記A．快速識記1．________n．&vt.援救；營救2．________vt.破壞；毀壞；消滅3．________n．標題；頭銜；資格4．________n．掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處5．________vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境6．________n.廢墟；毀滅vt.毀滅；使破產(chǎn)7．________vi.爆裂；爆發(fā)n．突然破裂；爆發(fā)8．________n.要點；大綱；輪廓vt.概述；略述rescuedestroytitlesheltertrapruinburstoutline9．________n.記者→________n．&vt.報告；報導10．________adj.極度的→________adv.極其；非常11．______vt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏→______n．埋葬；葬禮12．______________n．祝賀；賀詞→_____________vt.祝賀；恭喜；慶賀13．________n．污垢；泥土→________adj.臟的；下流的；卑鄙的14．________adv.真誠地；真摯地→________adj.真誠的；誠摯的reporterreportextremeextremelyburyburialcongratulationcongratulatedirtdirtysincerelysincere15．________n．災難；災禍→________adj.災難性的；損失慘重的16．________n．裁判員；法官vt.斷定；判斷→________n．判斷；判斷力17．________vt.損害；傷害→________adj.受傷的；受損害的→________n．傷害；受傷；損害18．________vt.使驚嚇；嚇?！鷂_________adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的→___________adj.令人恐懼的disasterdisastrousjudgejudgmentinjureinjuredinjuryfrightenfrightenedfrightening19．________n．民族；國家；國民→________adj.國家的；民族的→__________n.國籍；民族20．________v．(使)震驚；震動n.休克；打擊；震驚→________adj.震驚的→________adj.令人震驚的nationnationalnationalityshockshockedshockingB．歸類巧記1．“自然災害”相關(guān)單詞一覽①disastern．

災難；不幸②earthquaken. 地震③droughtn. 旱災；干旱④eruptionn. (火山)噴發(fā)⑤hurricanen. 颶風⑥tsunamin. 海嘯2．“破壞”家庭①damagen．&vt. 損失；損害②destroyvt. 毀壞；毀掉③ruinn．&vt. 毀滅；廢墟3．“-less”后綴的形容詞歸納①useless 無用的②helpless 無助的③homeless 無家可歸的④harmless 無害的⑤jobless 失業(yè)的⑥endless 無盡的Ⅱ.高頻短語1．結(jié)束；終結(jié)

________2．刮走；吹走

________3．代替…… ________4．掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)

________5．許多；大量

________6．倒塌

________7．立刻；馬上

________8．毀壞；成為廢墟

________9．陷入……/陷在……下面

________atanendblowawayinsteadof...digoutagreatnumberoffalldownrightaway(＝atonce/innotime/immediately)inruinsbetrappedin10．帶來；引進

________11．以……而自豪

________12．因為/作為……出名

________13．像往常一樣

________14．好像

________15．突然大笑/大哭

________bringintakeprideinbeknownfor/as(＝befamous/notedfor/as)asusualasifburstintolaughter/tears或burstoutlaughing/crying16．祝賀/恭喜…… ________17．輕視；不重視

________18．睡醒；醒來

________19．因為……感到自豪

________20．……之后不久

________congratulationsonsth.(注意與on搭配)thinklittleof(表“重視”的短語有thinkhighlyof/paymuchattentionto/attachgreatimportanceto等)wakeupbeproudof...notlongafter...(＝soon/shortlyafter...)Ⅲ.佳句填空1．Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,________thoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleep________________thatnight.但是唐山市的100萬居民幾乎沒有把這些情況當回事，當天晚上照常睡著了。2．Everywheretheylookednearlyeverything________(destroy)．人們無論朝哪里看，一切都幾乎被毀壞了。3．Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisaster________(last)．人們開始納悶兒，這場災難還會持續(xù)多久。4．Itseemedasiftheworldwas________________________.似乎世界末日來臨了。5．________hopewasnotlost.并不是所有的希望都破滅了。6．Iaskedaman________(stand)nexttome________________.我問站在我旁邊的一個人出了什么事。答案：1.who;asusual

2.wasdestroyed

3.wouldlast

4.atanend

5.All

6.standing;whathappenedⅣ.語法過關(guān)定語從句(Ⅰ)1．(2013·湖南改編)Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.答案：who句意：快樂和成功經(jīng)常會眷顧那些善于欣賞自己優(yōu)點的人。分析句子成分可知，“________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths”是定語從句，修飾先行詞those，從句中缺少主語，故用who引導。2．Nowadaysalmosteveryonepreferstouseasmartmobilephone________functionsaremorepractical.答案：whose考查定語從句。先行詞asmartmobilephone與從句中functions構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。3．“God，pleasedon'tletanythinghappentoday________Ican'thandle.”Thiswasmydailyprayerduringmyfirstyearofteaching.答案：that考查定語從句。句意：上帝，今天請不要發(fā)生任何我無法處理的事情，這是我第一年教學時每天要祈禱的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，且先行詞為不定代詞anything。故用that不用which。4．—Whatdoesthenoticesay?—Allthestorytellersshouldmeetatthesamehall________wonthefirstthreeprizes.答案：who/that根據(jù)句法，這是個分隔式定語從句，從句“________wonthefirstthreeprizes”缺少主語，先行詞“Allthestorytellers”指人，所以用關(guān)系代詞who或that，且不能省略。5．TheGreatWallistheplace________almostalltouristswouldliketovisitwhentheycometoBeijing.答案：which/that分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________almostalltouristswouldliketovisit”為定語從句，修飾先行詞theplace，關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當visit的賓語，故填which或that。Ⅴ.語篇填空Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural?Everywheretheylookednearlyeverything①________(destroy).Allofthecity'shospitals,75%of②________factoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.Nowind,however,couldblow③________away.Twodamsfellandmostofthebridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortravelling.Therailwaytrackswerenow④________(use)piecesofsteel.Tensofthousandsofcowswouldnevergivemilkagain.Halfamillionpigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilled⑤________wellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.Then,⑥________(late)thatafternoon,⑦________bigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrapped⑧________theruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehard⑨________(get).Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisaster⑩________(last)．答案：①wasdestroyed

②its

③them

④useless

⑤the⑥later

⑦another

⑧under

⑨t(yī)oget

⑩wouldlast考點探究演練1.burstv.爆裂；突發(fā)歸納拓展burstin闖進來；突然插嘴burstinto突然爆發(fā)；闖入burstout/forthdoingsth.突然開始做某事burstintolaughter＝burstoutlaughing放聲大笑burstintotears＝burstoutcrying放聲大哭burstout冒出aburstoflaughter/anger一陣大笑/大怒[巧學助記]③MyEnglishteacher'shumorwassuchastomakeeverystudent________________________.我的英語老師的幽默就是如此(好笑)，以至于每個同學都哈哈大笑起來。(2)用burst的相關(guān)詞語完成下列小片段。隨著一陣笑聲，王熙鳳一陣風似地走進了房間。她的一席諂媚的話說得賈母樂不可支。With①________________________laughter,WangXifeng

②________________theroom,whoseflattering(諂媚的)wordsmadeMrs.Jia

③________________________.答案：(1)①suddenlyburst

②burstoutscreaming

③burstintolaughter/burstoutlaughing(2)①aburstof

②burstinto

③burstwithjoy2．injurevt.傷害；使受傷；損害歸納拓展(1)injuresb.傷害某人injuresb.'sleg/arm/eye傷害某人的腿/胳膊/眼睛injuresb.'sreputation/figure/feelings,etc.損害某人的名譽/形象/傷害某人的感情等be/getseriously/slightlyinjured受重/輕傷(2)theinjured傷員injuryto對……的傷害辨析injure/wound/hurt/harm詞匯含義injure多指意外事故造成的傷害，也可指對名譽、地位的損害wound指人在戰(zhàn)斗、攻擊中受傷，身體上出現(xiàn)明顯的傷口，多指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷hurt多指精神上受到傷害，也可指身體上的疼痛harm指身體或精神上的損害或?qū)χ車挛锏奈：?。意為“傷害，損害，有害于”。常用短語doharmto“對……有害”③Hesufferedserious________(injure)tothearmsandshoulders.④The________(injure)weresuccessfullyrescuedfromtheruins.答案：①injuredhishandsandknees

②injured

③injuries④injured3．rescuen.營救，救援；救援行動vt.營救；救援歸納拓展(1)rescue...from...從……中搶救或營救……

(2)rescuework/workers救援工作/救援人員go/cometoone'srescue援救或幫助某人4．judgen.裁判員；法官vt.斷定；判決；判斷歸納拓展(1)judgesb./sth.by/from以……判斷judgingfrom/by從……判斷

(常作插入語使用)judgesb./sth.(tobe)good/bad/fair,etc.認定某人(某事)好/壞/公平等asfarassb.canjudge據(jù)某人判斷(2)judgmentn．判斷溫馨提示：judgingfrom/by...置于句首作狀語。v.-ing形式不受主語的限制，構(gòu)成獨立成分。類似用法的詞或短語還有：generallyspeaking一般來說；franklyspeaking坦白地說；considering...考慮到……。③________________________________________________，

I'mafraidyouarequitewrong.據(jù)我判斷，你完全錯了。答案：①Judgingfrom/byhisaccent②don't/neverjudgeabookbyitscover

③AsfarasIcanjudge5．ruinn.&vt.毀滅，破壞歸納拓展(1)inruins嚴重破壞；破敗不堪fallintoruins成為廢墟bringsth./sb.toruin使毀滅；使落空；使某人破產(chǎn)bringruintooneself自取滅亡(2)ruinone'shealth/fame毀壞某人的健康/名譽6．buryvt.埋葬，掩埋；隱藏；使沉浸，使專心；插入，刺入歸納拓展(1)beburiedin埋頭于；專心于beburied/lostinthought沉思(2)buryoneselfinstudy埋頭研究；專心學習buryone'sfaceinone'shands雙手掩面答案：(1)①wasburied

②buryhisfeelings(2)a.Asheburiedhimselfinb．Ashewasburiedinc．Buriedin7．sheltern．[U]掩蔽；遮蔽；庇護；棲身地vi.躲避vt.提供庇護所歸納拓展takeshelterfrom躲避……undertheshelterof在……的庇護下；受……的保護abusshelter公共汽車亭givesb.shelter庇護某人sheltersb./sth.from...庇護某人/某物免受……1.thinklittleof輕視；不重視歸納拓展(1)thinkhighly/well/muchof...對……評價高/印象好thinknothingof...覺得……不怎么樣，沒什么了不起thinkbadly/poorly/illof...對……評價低(2)speakhighly/wellof...高度贊揚……speakillof...說……的壞話singhighpraisefor...高度贊揚……2．a(chǎn)tanend終了；結(jié)束歸納拓展bring...toanend使……終止cometoanend結(jié)束putanendto使終止endup(with)以……結(jié)束/告終

makebothendsmeet量入為出attheendof在……末端，在……結(jié)束時bytheendof到……末為止sincetheendof自從……末以來intheend最后，最終Thereisnoendto...……沒有止境/盡頭[溫馨提示]atanend后不可接of；attheendof中的of不可省略，后面既可接時間名詞，也可接地點名詞；bytheendof后面接表示時間的名詞，謂語要與完成時連用：bytheendof＋過去時間，謂語用過去完成時；bytheendof＋將來時間，謂語用將來完成時。3．a(chǎn)greatnumberof許多；大量歸納拓展修飾可數(shù)名詞的短語：alarge/greatnumberofagood/greatmany修飾不可數(shù)名詞的短語：alargeamountofagood/greatdealof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞的短語：alotof/lotsofaquantityof/quantitiesofplentyof[溫馨提示](1)“alargenumberof＋復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，“thenumberof＋復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；(2)“l(fā)argequantities/amountsof＋不可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。(2)單句語法填空。Thenumberofpeopleinvitedtotheparty________(be)100,butanumberofthem________(be)absentfordifferentreasons.答案：(1)①Alargenumberof

②thenumberofcaraccidents

③arebeingwashedaway

(2)is/was;are/were1.Inthefarmyard,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在農(nóng)家大院里，雞甚至是豬都緊張得不想進食。too＋adj./adv.＋(forsb.)todosth.(對某人來說)太……不能……

歸納拓展以下三種情況下，該結(jié)構(gòu)表達肯定意義：(1)當形容詞是表心情的ready,glad,happy,eager,anxious,willing等時。(2)與never,cannot連用時，意為“非常，怎么做也不過分”。(3)在too前有far,much,only,but修飾時，表肯定意義，且?guī)в幸欢ǖ母星樯省?．Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend.世界好像到了末日。Itseems/looksasif...似乎/好像……asif引導表語從句。歸納拓展asif引導的從句，若表示與事實相反，從句要用虛擬語氣。與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句用一般過去時；與過去事實相反，從句用過去完成時。如果表示客觀事實，不用虛擬語氣。asiftodo...好像要做……

asifdoing...好像正在做……

3．Allhopewasnotlost.并不是所有的希望都破滅了。該句是表示部分否定的句型。all...not...＝notall...，意為“并非所有的……都……”。[溫馨提示](1)當not與all，both，complete，each，every，everyone，everything，whole等具有全部意義的不定代詞或形容詞連用時，無論not的位置如何，皆表示不完全否定，意為“并非都”。(2)no，none，noone，neither，nothing，nowhere等表示完全否定。③________inmylifeimpressedmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittotheGreatWall.我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次參觀長城。(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換。Allmyfriendsdonotstudywell.→________________________(變?yōu)橥x句)→________________________(變?yōu)橥耆穸ň?答案：(1)①Notallthestudents

②Noteveryboy

③Nothing(2)Notallofmyfriendsstudywell；Noneofmyfriendsstudywell基礎知識鞏固5．Asisestimated,________________________________________(成千上萬的人)losttheirlivesandhomesowingtothestrongearthquake.6．是我的姐姐最后作出決定步行整個中國。(強調(diào)句型)________________mysister________________________________________________towalkacrossthewholeChina.7．________________________________________(大量的農(nóng)民)flowintothebigcities,leavingthefarmlanddesertedinthecountryside.8．只有你現(xiàn)在好好利用時間來學習，將來才能成功。________________________________________________________________tostudyatpresentwillyoubesuccessfulinthefuture.9．無論習主席走到哪里，他都受到熱烈地歡迎。________________________________________________，

hewillreceivewarmwelcome.10．在我看來，不管我提出什么建議，他都不重視。Frommypointof________，

whateversuggestionsI________________，

he________________________________.答案：1.congratulationsonhissuccess

2.isproudof

3.Itisreportedthat

4.asif/though;atanend

5.tensofthousandsofpeople

6.Itwas;who/thatmadeuphermindfinally

7.Alargenumberoffarmers

8.Onlybymakinggooduseofyourtime

9.Nomatterwhere(＝Wherever)ChairmanXigoes

10.view;putforward;thoughtlittleofthem6．Two-thirdsofthepeoplediedorwasinjuredduringtheWenchuanearthquake.__________________7．Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,theythoughtlittleoftheseevents,wenttobedasusualthatnight.______________