廣東省深圳市羅湖區(qū)高三2023-2024學(xué)年上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題

廣東省深圳市羅湖區(qū)高三2023-2024學(xué)年上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題姓名：__________班級(jí)：__________考號(hào)：__________題號(hào)一二三四五總分評分一、第一部分閱讀，第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀理解Thefamousmagazine,Runner'sWorld,haschosensomeofthebest,mostdifficultandenjoyableUKraces.TopoftheWolds10KChallengeThis10-kmcountrysidetrackinYorkshireisallfununtilyoutaketheleftturnatNunburnholme.Atthispoint,youenteraseriousuphillpart,butthankfullytheuphillpartonlylastsforaround1.5km.You'llhaveaboutakilometretoenjoytheviewsbeforethewaytakesyoudownhillagain,andbacktowhereyoustartedinWarter—acutelittlevillage.Scurry2BridgesRunThis161-kmrelayraceisdividedinto16parts,soyoueachrun4separateparts.Overthecourseofthisday-longadventure,you'lleachrunaboutmarathondistancewhiletheworkerswilldrivearoundforpick-upsanddrop-offsatrelayexchangepointsbetweenthestartinDundeeandthefinishinEdinburgh.ScafellSkyRaceHere'satrailrun(越野跑)thatisnotsuitableforbeginners.Withatotalof3,500mofascent(上坡路),thisisunquestionablyoneofthehardesteventsaround.Goodthingisthattheviewsarebeautiful,andthatthere'shotfoodandabottleofapplejuicewaitingforyouintheend.Offa'sDyke15Thetraditional15-miledistancebeginsattheClockTowerinHay-on-WyeandincludesafewhardclimbsbeforefinishinginKington.Thisyearthehardeventhasaddedachallenging10kmaroundKington.1．WhatdoweknowaboutScurry2BridgesRun?A．Itisa161-milerelayrace.B．Ithasanuphillpartabout16km.C．Itrequiresrunnerstorunanddrive.D．Itisarelayracemadeupof16parts.2．Whichracebestsuitsracerswhowanttoenjoyfoodattheendofarace?A．TopoftheWolds10KChallenge.B．Scurry2BridgesRun.C．ScafellSkyRace.D．Offa'sDyke15.3．Whatdothefourraceshaveincommon?A．Theyareheldinthecountryside.B．Theyaretoughbutexcitingraces.C．Theyaskrunnerstotakepartalone.D．Theycanprovidetherunnerswithfood.閱讀理解Dr.ElsaOlivettihasalwaysbeeninterestedinhowmaterialssciencecanchangethewaywestoreenergy.WhenshestartedherworkatMIT,shewasexcitedaboutdiscoveringthesecretsofsustainablebatteryproduction.Duringherresearch,hermainfocuswasonaspecialkindofbattery,calledsolid-statebatteries,andamaterialnamedLLZO.Shediscoveredabigchallenge:findingandgettingaspecialmaterialcalledtantalum,whichisnoteasytofindbutnecessaryfortheproductionofLLZO.Thisinspiredhertolookatthewholeprocessofmakingbatteriesbeyondthelaboratory,fromgettingthematerialstoproducingthefinalproduct.Dr.Olivettiandherteamlookedintohowthesematerialsaremined,processed,andturnedintobatteries.Theyfoundthatifwewanttousemoreelectriccarsinthefuture,weneedtogetmuchbetteratproducinganddeliveringmaterialsliketantalum.Then,Dr.Olivettiaimstofigureoutacreativesolutiontothechallenge.Sheworkedwithindustryleaderstodevelopsustainableminingpracticesandcalledonpolicychangestosupportabettersupplychain,whichproveseffective.Dr.Olivettistressesthatherworkisnotmeanttoreplacetraditionalmethods.Instead,it'smeanttohelpmakethebatteryproductionbetterbylookingbroadlyatthethingsthatcouldmakeenergystorageefficient.Lookingahead,Dr.Olivettiremainscommittedtoimprovingsustainableenergystorage.Shewantstomaketheproductionprocesslesswastefulandmorecost-effective,creatingafuturewhereenergystorageisnotonlygoodbutalsokindtoourplanet.Reflectingonherwork,Dr.Olivettioftensaysthatwhatshedoesismorethanjustscience."Eachstepwetaketowardsmoreefficientandenvironmentally-friendlybatterytechnologyisasteptowardsabetterworld,"stressingtheimportanceofcuriosityandperseveranceinthepursuitofscientificexploration.4．WhatwasDr.Olivetti'sinterestinherworkatMIT?A．Makingelectriccarscheaper.B．Makingbatteriesmoresustainable.C．Figuringoutwaystominematerials.D．Dealingwithchallengesofproduction.5．WhyistantalumimportantinDr.Olivetti'sresearch?A．Itreducesproductioncosts.B．Ithelpssustainablemining.C．Itisacommonbatterymaterial.D．ItisimportantforLLZOproduction.6．HowdidDr.Olivettidealwiththechallengesinbatteryproduction?A．Shefocusedonlabexperiments.B．Sheworkedwithindustryleaders.C．Shedevelopedanewtypeofelectriccar.D．Shereplacedoldmethodswithmodernones.7．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．TheScienceofBattery.B．TheFutureofElectricCars.C．TheImportanceofTantalum.D．TheWorkonBetterBatteries.閱讀理解It'sknownthatreadingisgoodforachild'svocabularyandliteracyskills,teachingthemmathorscienceconceptsandhelpingthemlearnhistory.Apartfromthose,readinghasanotherbenefit.Haveyoureadastoryandfelttearswellupbecauseofacharacter'ssuffering?Ifso,thatisbecauseyouhaveempathy(共鳴)forthecharacter—andempathycanbelearnedthroughvariousfictions."It'samagiceyethatseesintootherpeople'shearts,"explainsauthorCressidaCowell.Researchshowsthathumanbrainsreactdifferentlytostoriesandfacts."Manymoreareasofyourbrainlightupwhenyou'reenjoyingastory,"explainsMirandaMcKearneyfromEmpathyLab,anorganizationthatbuildsempathythroughreading."Yourbrainthinksyouareinthestory…Thismeansyouexperiencethecharacters'thoughtsasiftheyarereal."Empathyhelpsyoutoreadpeople'semotionsandworkoutthebestwaytorespond.Thisskill,calledemotionalintelligence,canmakeiteasiertocommunicateandconnectwithpeople.Researchhasshownthatbuildingempathycanleadtogreaterkindnessandtolerance.OnestudyfoundthatchildrenwhoreadtheHarryPotternovels—whichtellstoriesabouthumansfightingagainsttheevil—werelesslikelytobehaveunfairlytowardspowerlessgroupsincludingrefugees(難民).ThistheoryhasbeenputintopracticebyStMichael'sPrimarySchool.AfterreadingTheBoyattheBackoftheClass—astoryaboutaboywhoisarefugeeescapingfromthewar—studentsinthatschoolwereinspiredtodoa10-milewalkforthenon-profitorganizationRefugeeAction.Theirempathyalsospurredthemtoraise￡1,000forpeoplewhowereforcedtoleavetheirhomesbecauseofwar.Readingencourageschildrentoempathisewithothers,whichcouldpotentiallyleadtoseveralbeneficiallearningoutcomes,newresearchsuggests.Forsocietytodevelop,creative,communicativeandempatheticindividualsreallymatter.8．Whydoreaderscryaboutacharacter'sexperience?A．Theyhavemagiceyes.B．Theywanttoshowempathy.C．TheyunderstandhisfeelingsD．Theyhavethesameexperience.9．WhatdoestheauthorshowbyreferringtotheHarryPotternovels?A．Theprocessofbuildingempathy.B．Thebenefitsofdevelopingempathy.C．Thedefinitionofemotionalintelligence.D．Theresultsoftheschool'sactivity.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"spurred"meaninparagraph4?A．Reminded. B．Permitted. C．Persuaded. D．Encouraged.11．Whatmighttheauthoradvisechildrentodo?A．Readtolearnempathy.B．Becomeempathetictoothers.C．Putthemselvesinothers'shoes.D．Readasmanybooksaspossible.閱讀理解WhileconductingasurveybyairplaneofnorthernGuatemala,researchersdetectedanancientMayasite."WecannowseetheentirelandscapeoftheMayaregion"inthissectionofGuatemala,saidCarlosMorales-Aguilar,oneoftheresearchersfromtheDepartmentofGeographyandtheEnvironmentattheUniversityofTexas.Thefindingsweretheresultofthesurveyusinglidar(雷達(dá)),orlightdetectionandranging,whichhasbeenrevolutionaryforstudyinghistoricsites.Inlidar,lasersaresentoutandthereflectedlightisusedtocreateimageryofalandscape.Thetechnologyisparticularlybeneficialinareaswithlimitedvisibilitysuchastherainforestinmayasite,aslaserscanentertheheavytreecanopy,thethickcoverformedbytheleafyupperbranchesinaforest.Thelidardatashowed"forthefirsttimeanareathatwasintegratedpoliticallyandeconomically,andneverseenbeforeinotherplacesintheWesternHemisphere(西半球),"Carloswroteinthestudy.Usingdatafromthescans,theteamidentifiedmorethan1,000settlementsdottingtheregion.Theywereinterconnectedby100milesofcausewaysthattheMayalikelytraveledonfoot.Theyalsodetectedtheremainsofseverallargeplatformsandpyramids,alongwithcanalsandreservoirsusedforwatercollection.SowhatmadethisregionsoattractivethattheMayawouldwanttosettlethereinthefirstplace?"FortheMayatheMirador-CalakmulKarstBasinwasthe‘GoldilocksZone',"RossEnsleywrote,partnerofCarlos,ageologistfromtheInstituteforGeologicalStudyoftheMayaLowlandsinHouston,Texas."TheMayasettledinthisregionbecauseithadtherightmixofuplandsforsettlementandlowlandsforagriculture."Uplandslieabovethelevelwherefloodingoccurs.Theyprovidedasourceforlimestone,theirprimarybuildingmaterial,anddrylandtoliveon.Thelowlandsaremostlyseasonalswamps(沼澤),whichprovidedspaceforwetlandagricultureaswellasorganic-richsoilforuseinterracedagriculture.ResearchershopelidartechnologywillhelpthemexploresectionsofGuatemalathathaveremainedamysteryforcenturies.12．Whydidtheresearchersuselidarinthesurvey?A．Itdetectsawiderangeoflasers.B．Itpicturesquickandclearimagery.C．Itpasseslightsthroughforestseasily.D．Itimprovesthevisibilityofrainforests.13．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．WhyMayadrewgreatattention.B．HowMayapeoplemadealiving.C．TheresearchprocessaftersurveyingtheMaya.D．ThefindingsthroughobservingtheMayaregion.14．WhatcanweinferabouttheMayapeopleaccordingtoRossEnsley?A．Theytransformedthelandtosurvive.B．Theyweregoodatuplandagriculture.C．Theypreferredtobuildhousesusinglimestone.D．Theymadeasoundchoiceaboutwheretosettle.15．Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ThePerfectHabitatfortheMayaPeopleB．TheSecretsoftheAncientMayaCivilizationC．RevolutionaryUseofLidarRevealsMayaSettlementsD．LidarTechnologyUnlocksNewDiscoveriesofRainforests二、第一部分閱讀，第二節(jié)任務(wù)型閱讀(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)任務(wù)型閱讀Beachisarelaxingplacetocatchwaves,getsomesun,enjoypicnic,spotwildlifeandgoexploring.Herearetipsfromexpertsonhowtobeabetterbeachgoer,sofuturegenerationsofsealoverscangettheirbeachtherapy(療法)whentheyneedit.UsesafersunblockManysunblocksadvertisethattheyare"reef-friendly",whichhasnofirmdefinitions,andtheirusageisn'tregulatedbygovernmentalbodies.16．.Onlypurchasemineral-basedsunscreenssothatitwon'tdoharmtoreefs.Getinvolved17．Ifyouforgettobringone,findanabandonedbagatthebeach.Itmayseemalittlegesture,butitwillhelpremoverubbish.Byworkingtogetherpeoplecanreallymakeadifference.ThoughtfultoysforkidsIt'sfunforyourlittleonestoplaywithplastictoysinthesand.18．.Theyenduppollutingtheenvironmentandcanbeaccidentallyeatenbyanimals,causingthemseriousharmonevenkillingthem.Packmetalorwoodentoysinstead.ReadthesignsSignsatthebeacharen'toptionalreading.Theytellyouwhereyoucan'tgoandwhatyoucan'tdo,soyoudon'tmesswiththelocalecosystem.19．.Theyarestormbarriersandhometomanyanimals.DestroywhatyoubuildItdoesn'tmatterhowmuchtimeandeffortyourchildrenspentbuildingsandcastlesordiggingtunnels:ifyouareonabeachmarkedasaseaturtlehabitat,fillinthetrenchandknockdownthestructure.Seaturtleshaveheavybodiesandtheycandieiftheyfallintoaholeandgettrapped.20．.A.Soit'sbesttoreadthefineprintcarefullyB.Beach-goersaregenerallyadvisedtostayoffsandhillsC.Thus,tryyourbesttobeaconsiderateeco-friendlytouristD.However,plastictoysbreakeasily,leavingbehindbitsandpiecesE.SandstructuresalsocanpreventthemfromreachingbirthingareasF.Bringareusablebagtocleanupwhileyou'rewalkingtheshorelineG.Haveyourchildrenpickuptrashwithyouwhenwalkingonthebeach三、第二部分語言運(yùn)用，第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題：每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Everyonecouldusealittlesunshineintheirliferightnow,soaWisconsinfarmer21．toplantmorethantwomillionsunflowersinhisfields.ScottThompson'sfamilyhasbeen22．inKenoshaCountyformorethan70years,andthisisthefirstyearthat23．havedecoratedthelandscape.Usually,thepick-your-ownfarm24．strawberriesinsummerandpumpkinsinthefall.Locatedjust10milesfromKenosha,Wisconsin,ThompsonStrawberryFarmis25．peopletoasimplerfamilyoutingwheretheycanpicnicandtakehomeadozensunflowers.Thompsonandhiswifethoughtitwouldbe26．tospreadalittlehappinesstotheir27．.Thompson28．morethan22acresofflowers.Theflowersareplantedinmorethan15fieldstoprovide29．forsocialdistanceandspreadout.Wordofthesunshineoasis(綠洲)hasspread30．throughwordofmouthaspeoplecometoenjoyasmall31．fromreality."Everyoneisso32．"Thompsonsaid."We'vegotallthese33．ontheNET.IfI'moutinthefield,everybodyislike‘Thanksfordoingthis,'(and)‘ThisiswhatIneed.'"Inadditiontosunflowers,Thompsonalsoplantedafieldofwildflowers,andMexicansunflowersthatareknownfor34．butterflies.Thompsonsaidthesunflowerswillbea35．thingatthefarm,evenwithoutapandemic.21．A．used B．learned C．decided D．promised22．A．farming B．planting C．gardening D．decorating23．A．grasses B．trees C．leaves D．flowers24．A．demandsof B．consistsofC．searchesfor D．callsfor25．A．drawing B．taking C．sending D．leading26．A．flexible B．convenient C．ideal D．timely27．A．friends B．relatives C．customers D．neighbors28．A．turnedover B．lookedatC．pickedup D．endedupwith29．A．time B．room C．service D．information30．A．mostly B．hardly C．possibly D．slowly31．A．risk B．break C．a(chǎn)dvantage D．challenge32．A．patient B．curious C．confident D．happy33．A．explanations B．inspirations C．comments D．a(chǎn)ttitudes34．A．a(chǎn)ttracting B．feeding C．catching D．warning35．A．special B．official C．similar D．regular四、第二部分語言運(yùn)用，第二節(jié)(共10小題：每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Xuanpaperisknownasthe"PaperofAges"foritsmanyuniquequalities.ThetermXuanpaperfirstappearedinabookwrittenbyTangDynastyscholarZhangYanyuan,in36．hedescribedXuanpaperas37．idealcarrierforcalligraphyandpainting.ThetraditionalcraftofmakingXuanpaperis38．(extreme)demanding.Sandalwoodbark(檀香樹皮),aplantnativetosouthernChina,goesthrough108procedurestogetherwithricestrawoverthecourseofthreeyears39．itcantransformintoabatchoffineXuanpaper.Theentireprocedureissocomplexthateventhemostskilledcraftsmancanonlymaster40．(limit)steps.Theflowofink,bothguidedandresistedbywater,41．(determine)theoutputofChineseart,andXuanpaperoutshinesotherswith42．(it)excellentabilitytogivefullplaytoink.Differentratesofbarktostrawduringthepaper-makingprocesscancreatedifferentpaperbestsuited43．a(chǎn)rtisticexpressioninfreehandinkpaintingsorcalligraphy.Xuanpaper44．(accompany)thepassionatebrushstrokesoftheChineseartistsforthousandsofyears.Unlikeotherformsofpaper,itisveryresistanttodamagebroughtbytime,whichhasmadeitpossible45．(preserve)manyvaluableworksfromancientChina.Paper-makingisawisdomoftheancientChinese,andXuanpaperisthepeakofpaper-making.五、第三部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)46．第一節(jié)應(yīng)用文寫作，假定你是李華。外教Hans要求你班同學(xué)做一個(gè)主題為"Thestoryofaninspiringperson"的小組項(xiàng)目。作為組長,請你給Hans寫一封郵件,內(nèi)容包括：1.項(xiàng)目設(shè)想；2.懇請指導(dǎo)。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請?jiān)诖痤}卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearHans,IamLiHua,astudentfromclass5.Yours,LiHua47．第二節(jié)閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。WhenMrs.Russellfinishedoneofherlessons,shewasoutofbreath.Asuddenburningstomachachestartedbutshehopedherstudentswouldn'tnotice."Youlookpale,Mrs.Russell,areyoualright?"akid,Tony,asked.Mrs.Russelltriedtoexplaineverythingwasalright,butthewordsjustwouldn'tcomeout.Shebecameunconsciousandfelldowninfrontofherclass,andtherewereredandbluelights,manyadults,andthesoundsofchildrencrying.Anoxygenmaskwasthenputonher."We'llseewhatwecandoforMrs.Russell.NowallofyouhavetogobacktoclassandlistentowhateverMs.Hansontellsyou,"Mr.Roberts,theheadmaster,triedtoaskMrs.Russell'studentstoleavetheoffice,buttheywouldn'tmove.TonyandHannahwereatthefrontofthepack.TheyweretoldMrs.Russellneededsurgery,andhospitalscostmoney."WewanttohaveMrs.Russellcomeback!She'sthebestteacherever.Pleasehelpus,Ms.Hanson,"Hannahsaid,andallthekidsnodded."Kids,let'sgobacktotheclassroomandbrainstormtogetherabouthelpingMrs.Russell,"Ms.HansonguidedthembacktotheclassroomandsheinstructedthemtowriteagreetingcardtoMrs.Russell."AcardisnotenoughtosaveMrs.Russell.Sheneedsmoneytoaffordthesurgery.Weneedagrown-uptohelp."Tonytoldhisclassmatesatbreak.Allthekidswerethinkinghard,andsuddenly,Asherspokeup."Mybigsisterisaseniorinhighschool.Well,Ithinkshecanmakealinkonawebsiteorsomething.ThenwecanraisethemoneyneededandhelpMrsRussell!"Alltheclassmatesagreedandwenthometotelltheirelderbrothersorsistersaboutthisidea.Asher'sbigsister,Dianne,startedanonlinegroup,andshemadeaninternetlinkimmediatelywithherparents'approval.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡相應(yīng)位置作答。Thelinkandthegroupweresharedthroughoutthecommunityquickly.Mrs.Russellwasbackatschooltwomonthslater.

答案解析部分【答案】1．D2．C3．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了英國的四項(xiàng)跑步比賽。

【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解，包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項(xiàng)，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行理解。1．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Scurry2BridgesRun部分中的"This161-kmrelayraceisdividedinto16parts,soyoueachrun4separateparts."這場161公里的接力賽分為16個(gè)部分，所以你們每個(gè)人都要跑四個(gè)獨(dú)立的部分?？芍?，這是一項(xiàng)由16個(gè)部分組成的接力賽。故選D。2．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)ScafellSkyRace部分中的"Goodthingisthattheviewsarebeautiful,andthatthere'shotfoodandabottleofapplejuicewaitingforyouintheend."好在風(fēng)景很美，最后還有熱騰騰的食物和一瓶蘋果汁等著你?？芍@項(xiàng)比賽在最后會(huì)提供食物和飲料，因此最適合那些想在比賽結(jié)束后享用美食的選手。故選C。3．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段"Thefamousmagazine,Runner'sWorld,haschosensomeofthebest,mostdifficultandenjoyableUKraces."著名的雜志《跑者世界》挑選了一些最好的、最困難的和最令人愉快的英國比賽?？芍@四項(xiàng)比賽的共同之處在于都很艱難但令人興奮。故選B?！敬鸢浮?．B5．D6．B7．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了ElsaOlivetti博士為更好的可持續(xù)電池生產(chǎn)所做的努力。

【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"WhenshestartedherworkatMIT,shewasexcitedaboutdiscoveringthesecretsofsustainablebatteryproduction."當(dāng)她開始在麻省理工學(xué)院工作時(shí)，她對發(fā)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)電池生產(chǎn)的秘密感到興奮。可知，Olivetti博士對使電池更具可持續(xù)性感興趣。故選B。5．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Shediscoveredabigchallenge:findingandgettingaspecialmaterialcalledtantalum,whichisnoteasytofindbutnecessaryfortheproductionofLLZO."她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)：找到并獲得一種叫做鉭的特殊材料，這種材料不容易找到，但卻是生產(chǎn)LLZO所必需的。可知，鉭對LLZO的生產(chǎn)很重要。故選D。6．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Then,Dr.Olivettiaimstofigureoutacreativesolutiontothechallenge.Sheworkedwithindustryleaderstodevelopsustainableminingpracticesandcalledonpolicychangestosupportabettersupplychain,whichproveseffective."然后，奧利維蒂博士的目標(biāo)是找出一個(gè)創(chuàng)造性的解決方案來應(yīng)對這一挑戰(zhàn)。她與行業(yè)領(lǐng)袖合作，制定可持續(xù)的采礦實(shí)踐，并呼吁改變政策，以支持更好的供應(yīng)鏈，這被證明是有效的。可知，Olivetti博士在應(yīng)對電池生產(chǎn)中的挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，和行業(yè)領(lǐng)袖一起工作。故選B。7．考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Eachstepwetaketowardsmoreefficientandenvironmentally-friendlybatterytechnologyisasteptowardsabetterworld."我們朝著更高效、更環(huán)保的電池技術(shù)邁出的每一步，都是朝著更美好的世界邁出的一步?？芍疚闹饕v述了ElsaOlivetti博士為更好的可持續(xù)電池生產(chǎn)所做的努力，所以本文中心思想是研究更好的電池。故選D。【答案】8．C9．B10．D11．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明閱讀可以幫助孩子培養(yǎng)同理心，這對于兒童發(fā)展有很多好處。

【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，仔細(xì)核對，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。8．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Haveyoureadastoryandfelttearswellupbecauseofacharacter'ssuffering?Ifso,thatisbecauseyouhaveempathy(共鳴)forthecharacter—andempathycanbelearnedthroughvariousfictions."你是否讀過一個(gè)故事，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)角色的痛苦而熱淚盈眶？如果是這樣，那是因?yàn)槟銓巧型硇摹硇目梢酝ㄟ^各種小說來學(xué)到?？芍x者因?yàn)榻巧慕?jīng)歷而流淚是因?yàn)樗麄儗λ型硇?，能理解角色的感受。故選C。9．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Researchhasshownthatbuildingempathycanleadtogreaterkindnessandtolerance.OnestudyfoundthatchildrenwhoreadtheHarryPotternovels—whichtellstoriesabouthumansfightingagainsttheevil—werelesslikelytobehaveunfairlytowardspowerlessgroupsincludingrefugees(難民)."研究表明，建立同理心可以帶來更大的善良和寬容。一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，讀過《哈利波特》小說的孩子不太可能對包括難民在內(nèi)的弱勢群體做出不公平的行為，小說講述了人類與邪惡作斗爭的故事。可知，此處在討論建立同理心的好處，因此提到《哈利波特》小說是以閱讀過它的孩子們的實(shí)例來佐證這些好處。故選B。10．考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的"AfterreadingTheBoyattheBackoftheClass—astoryaboutaboywhoisarefugeeescapingfromthewar—studentsinthatschoolwereinspiredtodoa10-milewalkforthenon-profitorganizationRefugeeAction."在讀完《坐在教室最后一排的男孩》——一個(gè)關(guān)于逃離戰(zhàn)爭的男孩的故事后，學(xué)校的學(xué)生受到激勵(lì)，為非營利組織"難民行動(dòng)"進(jìn)行了10英里的步行活動(dòng)?？芍颂幹v述閱讀《坐在教室最后一排的男孩》對學(xué)生們激勵(lì)作用起到的積極效果；以及"toraise￡1,000forpeoplewhowereforcedtoleavetheirhomesbecauseofwar"為那些因戰(zhàn)爭而被迫離開家園的人們籌集1000英鎊?？赏浦瑢W(xué)生們籌集善款也是因?yàn)楸贿@本書激勵(lì)了，spurred意思應(yīng)該與上文的inspired呼應(yīng)，是"激勵(lì)"的意思，與選項(xiàng)中的encouraged意思一致。故選D。11．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段"Readingencourageschildrentoempathisewithothers,whichcouldpotentiallyleadtoseveralbeneficiallearningoutcomes,newresearchsuggests.Forsocietytodevelop,creative,communicativeandempatheticindividualsreallymatter."新的研究表明，閱讀可以鼓勵(lì)孩子們同情他人，這可能會(huì)帶來一些有益的學(xué)習(xí)成果。對于社會(huì)的發(fā)展來說，有創(chuàng)造力、善于溝通和善解人意的個(gè)人真的很重要?？芍喿x有益于孩子們培養(yǎng)同理心，促進(jìn)他們個(gè)人的發(fā)展，從而促進(jìn)社會(huì)的發(fā)展?？赏浦髡邥?huì)建議孩子們通過閱讀來培養(yǎng)同理心。故選A。【答案】12．C13．D14．D15．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了研究人員利用激光雷達(dá)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一處瑪雅人遺址，和激光雷達(dá)的優(yōu)勢以及觀察瑪雅地區(qū)的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷，段落大意和標(biāo)題歸納四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關(guān)信息，就可以確定正確答案。12．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thetechnologyisparticularlybeneficialinareaswithlimitedvisibilitysuchastherainforestinmayasite,aslaserscanentertheheavytreecanopy,thethickcoverformedbytheleafyupperbranchesinaforest."這項(xiàng)技術(shù)在能見度有限的地區(qū)尤其有用，比如瑪雅遺址的雨林，因?yàn)榧す饪梢赃M(jìn)入厚重的樹冠，即森林中由枝葉繁茂的上層樹枝形成的厚厚的覆蓋物?？芍芯咳藛T在調(diào)查中使用激光雷達(dá)是因?yàn)樗茌p易地將光線穿過森林。故選C。13．考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段"Thelidardatashowed‘forthefirsttimeanareathatwasintegratedpoliticallyandeconomically,andneverseenbeforeinotherplacesintheWesternHemisphere(西半球),'Carloswroteinthestudy.Usingdatafromthescans,theteamidentifiedmorethan1,000settlementsdottingtheregion.Theywereinterconnectedby100milesofcausewaysthattheMayalikelytraveledonfoot.Theyalsodetectedtheremainsofseverallargeplatformsandpyramids,alongwithcanalsandreservoirsusedforwatercollection."卡洛斯在研究中寫道，激光雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)"首次顯示了一個(gè)政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的地區(qū)，在西半球的其他地方從未見過"。利用掃描數(shù)據(jù)，研究小組確定了該地區(qū)分布著1000多個(gè)定居點(diǎn)。它們由長達(dá)100英里的堤道相連，瑪雅人可能是步行走過的。他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾個(gè)大型平臺(tái)和金字塔的遺跡，以及用于收集水的運(yùn)河和水庫。可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是通過觀察瑪雅地區(qū)的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選D。14．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"‘FortheMaya,theMirador-CalakmulKarstBasinwasthe‘GoldilocksZone','RossEnsleywrote,partnerofCarlos,ageologistfromtheInstituteforGeologicalStudyoftheMayaLowlandsinHouston,Texas.‘TheMayasettledinthisregionbecauseithadtherightmixofuplandsforsettlementandlowlandsforagriculture.'""對瑪雅人來說，米拉多-卡拉克穆爾喀斯特盆地是‘金發(fā)姑娘地帶'，"羅斯·恩斯利寫道，他是卡洛斯的合伙人，卡洛斯是德克薩斯州休斯敦瑪雅低地地質(zhì)研究所的地質(zhì)學(xué)家。"瑪雅人在這個(gè)地區(qū)定居，因?yàn)檫@里有適合定居的高地和適合農(nóng)業(yè)的低地。"可推知，瑪雅人對在哪里定居做出了明智的選擇。故選D。15．考查標(biāo)題歸納。根據(jù)第一段中的"WhileconductingasurveybyairplaneofnorthernGuatemala,researchersdetectedanancientMayasite."研究人員乘飛機(jī)在危地馬拉北部進(jìn)行調(diào)查時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)古瑪雅遺址；以及第二段中的"Thefindingsweretheresultofthesurveyusinglidar(雷達(dá)),orlightdetectionandranging,whichhasbeenrevolutionaryforstudyinghistoricsites."這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是利用激光雷達(dá)（光探測和測距）進(jìn)行調(diào)查的結(jié)果，激光雷達(dá)在研究歷史遺跡方面具有革命性意義；結(jié)合文章主要說明了研究人員利用激光雷達(dá)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一處瑪雅人遺址。文章介紹了激光雷達(dá)的優(yōu)勢以及觀察瑪雅地區(qū)的發(fā)現(xiàn)?？芍?，"激光雷達(dá)的革命性使用揭示了瑪雅定居點(diǎn)"適合做文章標(biāo)題。故選C。【答案】16．A；17．F；18．D；19．B；20．E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，倡導(dǎo)人們在海灘游玩時(shí)要注意保護(hù)海灘的自然環(huán)境。

【點(diǎn)評】考查七選五，本文是一篇教育類閱讀，要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據(jù)空前"Manysunblocksadvertisethattheyare‘reef-friendly',whichhasnofirmdefinitions,andtheirusageisn'tregulatedbygovernmentalbodies."許多防曬霜都宣稱它們是"對珊瑚礁友好的"，這沒有明確的定義，它們的使用也不受政府機(jī)構(gòu)的監(jiān)管。說明有些防曬霜宣稱對珊瑚友好，但是沒有明確的定義，因此也有可能對珊瑚礁有害，所以要仔細(xì)閱讀上面的成分說明。A.Soit'sbesttoreadthefineprintcarefully"所以最好仔細(xì)閱讀細(xì)則"符合語境，故選A。17．根據(jù)空后"Ifyouforgettobringone,findanabandonedbagatthebeach.Itmayseemalittlegesture,butitwillhelpremoverubbish.Byworkingtogetherpeoplecanreallymakeadifference."如果你忘了帶一個(gè)，在海灘上找一個(gè)被遺棄的袋子。這似乎是一個(gè)小小的舉動(dòng)，但它將有助于清除垃圾。通過共同努力，人們真的可以有所作為?？芍颂幍膐ne應(yīng)是指代裝垃圾的袋子，用來清楚垃圾，F(xiàn).Bringareusablebagtocleanupwhileyou'rewalkingtheshoreline"當(dāng)你沿海岸線上散步時(shí)，帶上一個(gè)可重復(fù)使用的袋子來清理"符合語境，one指代上文提到的reusablebag，故選F。18．根據(jù)空前"It'sfunforyourlittleonestoplaywithplastictoysinthesand."你的孩子在沙灘上玩塑料玩具是很有趣的。講孩子玩塑料玩具會(huì)很快樂；以及空后"Theyenduppollutingtheenvironmentandcanbeaccidentallyeatenbyanimals,causingthemseriousharmonevenkillingthem.Packmetalorwoodentoysinstead."它們最終會(huì)污染環(huán)境，并可能被動(dòng)物誤食，對它們造成嚴(yán)重傷害，甚至殺死它們。用金屬或木制玩具代替。講這一類玩具對海灘的危害，建議帶金屬或者木質(zhì)玩具，D.However,plastictoysbreakeasily,leavingbehindbitsandpieces"然而，塑料玩具很容易破裂，留下碎片"說明塑料玩具的害處，與上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出下文塑料玩具帶來的害處的具體介紹。故選D。19．根據(jù)空前"Signsatthebeacharen'toptionalreading.Theytellyouwhereyoucan'tgoandwhatyoucan'tdo,soyoudon'tmesswiththelocalecosystem."海灘上的指示牌不是可選閱讀的。他們告訴你哪里不能去，什么不能做，這樣你就不會(huì)擾亂當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)。說明標(biāo)識(shí)語指導(dǎo)海灘游客的行為，且這一句與后面一句里的they構(gòu)成緊密銜接，B.Beach-goersaregenerallyadvisedtostayoffsandhills"一般建議去海灘的人遠(yuǎn)離沙丘"符合語境，承接下文"Theyarestormbarriersandhometomanyanimals."它們是風(fēng)暴的屏障，也是許多動(dòng)物的家園。"說明標(biāo)識(shí)語會(huì)建議人們遠(yuǎn)離沙丘，因?yàn)樯城鹗呛﹦?dòng)物的保護(hù)屏障和家園。故選B。20．根據(jù)空前"Seaturtleshaveheavybodiesandtheycandieiftheyfallintoaholeandgettrapped."海龜?shù)纳眢w很重，如果掉進(jìn)洞里被困住，它們就會(huì)死亡。講在沙灘建立的沙堡和渠道的一個(gè)危害，E.Sandstructuresalsocanpreventthemfromreachingbirthingareas"沙子結(jié)構(gòu)也會(huì)阻止它們到達(dá)產(chǎn)仔區(qū)"符合語境，接著講另外一個(gè)危害。故選E。【答案】21．C；22．A；23．D；24．B；25．A；26．C；27．C；28．D；29．B；30．A；31．B；32．D；33．C；34．A；35．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述為了將陽光和快樂傳遞給更多的人，農(nóng)民湯普森和家人在農(nóng)場里種植向日葵，前來游玩的人紛紛好評。

【點(diǎn)評】考查完形填空，本題考點(diǎn)涉及動(dòng)詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。21．句意：現(xiàn)在，每個(gè)人的生活中都需要一點(diǎn)陽光，所以威斯康星州的一位農(nóng)民決定在他的田地里種植200多萬朵向日葵。A.used"使用"；B.learned"學(xué)會(huì)"；C.decided"決定"；D.promised"保證"。根據(jù)空前"Everyonecouldusealittlesunshineintheirliferightnow"可知，這是這個(gè)農(nóng)民種向日葵的原因，即這個(gè)原因讓他決定種向日葵。故選C。22．句意：斯科特·湯普森(ScottThompson)一家在基諾沙縣務(wù)農(nóng)已有70多年的歷史，今年是第一次用鮮花裝飾這片土地。A.farming"耕種"；B.planting"種植"；C.gardening"做園藝工作"；D.decorating"裝潢"。根據(jù)上文"aWisconsinfarmer"可知，農(nóng)民應(yīng)該是從事耕種行業(yè)。故選A。23．句意：斯科特·湯普森(S