2021高考英語(yǔ)(三月)閱讀類(lèi)自練(7)及答案(濟(jì)南市)

2021高考英語(yǔ)（三月）閱讀類(lèi)自練（7）及答案（濟(jì)南市）閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Doyouknowhowitiswhenyouseesomeoneyawnandyoustartyawningtoo?Orhowharditistobeamongpeoplelaughingandnotlaughyourself?Well,apparentlyit’sbecausewehavemirrorneurons(神經(jīng)元)inourbrains.Putsimply,theexistenceofmirrorneuronssuggeststhateverytimeweseesomeoneelsedosomething,ourbrainsimitate(仿照)it,whetherornotweactuallyperformthesameaction.Thisexplainsagreatdealabouthowwelearntosmile,talk,walk,danceorplaysports.Buttheideagoesfurther:mirrorneuronsnotonlyappeartoexplainphysicalactions,theyalsotellusthatthereisabiologicalbasisforthewayweunderstandotherpeople.Mirrorneuronscanundoubtedlybefoundalloverourbrains,butespeciallyintheareaswhichrelatetoourabilitytouselanguages,andtounderstandhowotherpeoplefeel.Researchershavefoundthatmirrorneuronsrelatestronglytolanguage.Agroupofresearchersdiscoveredthatiftheygavepeoplesentencestolistento(forexample:“Thehandtookholdoftheball”),thesamemirrorneuronsweretriggeredaswhentheactionwasactuallyperformed(inthisexample,actuallytakingholdofaball).Anyproblemswithmirrorneuronsmaywellresultinproblemswithbehavior.Muchresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewithsocialandbehavioralproblemshavemirrorneuronswhicharenotfullyfunctioning.However,itisnotyetknownexactlyhowthesediscoveriesmighthelpfindtreatmentsforsocialdisorders.Researchintomirrorneuronsseemstoprovideuswithevermoreinformationconcerninghowhumansbehaveandinteract(互動(dòng)).Indeed,itmayturnouttobetheequivalent(相等物)forneuroscienceofwhatEinstein’stheoryofrelativitywasforphysics.Andthenexttimeyoufeeltheurgetocoughinthecinemawhensomeoneelsedoes—well,perhapsyou’llunderstandwhy.1.Mirrorneuronscanexplain.A.whywecrywhenwearehurtB.whywecoughwhenwesufferfromacoldC.whywesmilewhenweseesomeoneelsesmileD.whyweyawnwhenweseesomeoneelsestayuplate2.Theunderlinedword“triggered”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“”.A.setoffB.cutoffC.builtupD.brokenup3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatmirrorneurons.A.relatetohumanbehaviorandinteractionB.controlhumanphysicalactionsandfeelingsC.resultinbadbehaviorandsocialdisordersD.determineourknowledgeandlanguageabilities4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Waystofindmirrorneurons.B.Problemsofmirrorneurons.C.Existenceofmirrorneurons.D.Functionsofmirrorneurons.【參考答案】1—4、CAAD閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Medicaldrugssometimescausemoredamagethantheycure.Onesolutiontothisproblemistoputthedrugsinsideacapsule,protectingthemfromthebody—andthebodyfromthem—untiltheycanbereleasedatjusttherightspot.Therearelotsofwaystotrigger(引發(fā))thisrelease，includingchangingtemperature,acidity,andsoon.Buttriggerscancomewiththeirownrisks—burns,forexample.Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:shiningnear-infraredlight(NIR,近紅外線)onthedruginthecapsule. Theideaofusinglighttoliberatethedruginthecapsuleisn'tnew.Researchersaroundtheglobehavedevelopedpolymers(聚合物)andothermaterialsthatbegintobreakdownwhentheyabsorbeitherultraviolet(UV,紫外線)orvisiblelight.ButtissuesalsoreadilyabsorbUVandvisiblelight,whichmeansthedrugreleasecanbetriggeredonlyneartheskin,wherethelightcanreachthecapsule.NIRlightlargelypassesthroughtissues,soresearchershavetriedtouseitasatrigger.Butfewcompounds(化合物)absorbNIRwellandgothroughchemicalchanges. ThatchangedlastyearwhenAdahAlmutairi,achemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,reportedthatsheandhercolleagueshaddesignedapolymerthatbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.TheirpolymerusedacommerciallyavailableNIR-absorbinggroupcalledo-nitrobenzyl(ONB).Whentheycatchthelight,ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.ButONBisonlyaso-soNIRabsorber,anditcouldbepoisonoustocellswhenitseparatesfromthepolymer. SoAlmutairiandhercolleaguesreportedcreatinganewmaterialforcapsulesthat'sevenbetter.Thisoneconsistsofalongchainofcompoundscalledcresolgroupslinkedinapolymer.Cresolcontainsreactive(易反應(yīng)的)componentsthatmakeithighlyunstableinitspolymericform,afeatureAlmutairiandhercolleaguesusetotheiradvantage.Afterpolymerizingthecresols,theycapeachreactivecomponentwithalight-absorbingcompoundcalledBhc.WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshortchains.Shiningadditionallightcontinuesthisbreakdown,potentiallyreleasinganydrugsinthecapsule.What'smore,Almutairisays,Bhcis10timesbetteratabsorbingNIRthanisONBandisnotpoisonoustocells.1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttrigger?A.Temperaturechange.B.NIRlight.C.Aciditychange.D.UVlight.2.WhyisONBunsatisfactory?A.ItbreaksdownwhenitabsorbsNIRlight.B.Itfallsoffthepolymerandtriggersdrugrelease.C.Ithasnotcomeontothemarketuptillnow.D.Itisnoteffectiveenoughandcouldbepoisonous.3.Whichwordcanbeusedtocompletethefollowingprocessofchanges?eq\x(BhcsabsorbNIR.)?eq\x(Partofthecresolis.)?eq\x(Polymerbreaksdown.)?eq\x(Drugisreleased.)A.protectedB.formedC.exposedD.combined【要點(diǎn)綜述】這是一篇科技文。怎樣使用膠囊？如何讓吃藥更加平安、療效更好？文章對(duì)此做了介紹。1.B信息理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“Now,researchersinCaliforniahavedesignedwhatcouldbeaharmlesstriggertodate:shiningnear-infraredlight(NIR，近紅外線)onthedruginthecapsule.”可知答案。 2.D推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段最終兩句“…ONBgroupsfalloffthepolymer,leadingtoitsbreakdown.”和“…anditcouldbepoisonoustocells…”可知答案。 3.C信息理解題。依據(jù)最終一段第五句“WhentheBhcsabsorbNIRlight,thereactivegroupsareexposedandbreakthelongpolymerintotwoshortchains.”可知此處用exposed，即C項(xiàng)正確?！?021界廣東省揭陽(yáng)市一模】完形填空。閱讀下面短文，把握其大意，然后從1―15各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ItwasalazymorningduringtheChristmasweek.Wewereenjoyingbreakfastwhenthedoorbellrang.Itwasalittlegirl,standingatthedoorwaywithapieceofpaperandafacethatcarriedanexpressionofwant,ratheracommon1duringChristmas.Shemurmuredthatthepaperwasherbooklistandthatshewasgoingaround2moneytobuyherschoolbooks.Mychildrenwentinsideandbroughtsome3forher.Thiskindofincidenthappensveryofteninmyhometown,4duringChristmas.FromwhereIwasseated,Icouldseeherclearly.Shelookedabouttenyearsoldandsheworeadresstoobigforher.Shespokeina5voiceandlookedatmestraightintheeye.Somethingmademegetupand6her.Inanswertomyquestions,shesaidthathermothermadehoppersandshe7thembeforegoingtoschool.Butthehoppermoneywasnotadequateto8thelist;therefore,shewasgoingfromhousetohouseaskingforhelp.Hervoicetoldmethestory;hereyestoldmethatitwas9.IsaidI'dbuyherwhatwasonthelist.Wedrovetoanearbybookstore.Shesat10,withastrangelookonherface.Whentheclerkwastakingallthethingsonthelist,thelittlegirlkeptstaringasifconfused.Perhapsshehadnever11somanynewthingsbefore.Theyweremerelyexercisebooks,pencils,pensandsuchthings.Shewhisperedher12tous.Strange,Ihadn'tbeenawarethatgivingsuch13thingstooneinneed,couldbringmesuchalotofhappiness.Aswedroveback,Icouldseethelittlegirlinthemirror.AllthegiftsIhadgiveninmylifenever14upafacesomuch.Shewasgraspingtheparcel,smilingtoherself.Thetotaleventmadeusallvery15.OurChristmasbecamemoremeaningful.1A.problemB.sightC.momentD.experience2A.borrowingB.receivingC.beggingD.lending3A.clothesB.booksC.foodD.coins4A.absolutelyB.casuallyC.especiallyD.hardly5A.strangeB.politeC.seriousD.loud6A.careforB.speaktoC.smileatD.holdto7A.soldB.neededC.collectedD.used8A.buyB.makeC.coverD.control9A.painfulB.trueC.movingD.interesting10A.happilyB.eagerlyC.anxiouslyD.silently11A.possessedB.boughtC.seenD.accepted12A.surpriseB.satisfactionC.thanksD.pleasure13A.simpleB.wonderfulC.expensiveD.useful14A.litB.madeC.putD.shut15A.confusedB.delightedC.amazedD.relieved1.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A。難題；B。視力，景象C。瞬間，片刻；D。閱歷，經(jīng)受。由其次段“Thiskindofincidenthappensveryofteninmyhometown,”可知這是一種相當(dāng)常見(jiàn)的景象。故選B。2.【答案】C【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A。借入；B。接收；C.乞討，懇求；D。借出。第四段“shewasgoingfromhousetohouseaskingforhelp.”說(shuō)她尋求掛念，但文章自始至終沒(méi)提到女孩會(huì)還錢(qián)。因此，她是在乞討而不是借。故選C。3.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A.衣服；B。書(shū)；C.食物；D.硬幣。由前一句“shewasgoingaround2.beggingmoneytobuyherschoolbooks.”可知孩子們是去給她拿錢(qián)了。故選D。4.【答案】C【解析】考查副詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A.確定地，完全地；B.任憑地，偶然地；C.尤其，特殊；D.幾乎不。有上下文可知，這種事情尤其是在圣誕節(jié)期間經(jīng)常發(fā)生。故選C。5.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A.驚異的，生疏的；B.有禮貌的；C.嚴(yán)峻的，嚴(yán)峻的；D.大聲的。由于“IsaidI'dbuyherwhatwasonthelist。.”我同意去為她買(mǎi)單子上的東西，說(shuō)明女孩說(shuō)話時(shí)，很有禮貌。故選B.6.【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組及語(yǔ)境的理解。A.關(guān)懷，照看，寵愛(ài)；B.對(duì)……說(shuō)話；C.對(duì)……微笑；D.堅(jiān)持，執(zhí)著，緊握。下一段“Inanswertomyquestions,shesaid……”說(shuō)明我和她說(shuō)話了。7.【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A.賣(mài)，銷(xiāo)售；B.需要；C.搜集；D.使用。由下一句可知她賣(mài)掉了媽媽制作的東西。8.【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境的理解