專題四-語(yǔ)法填空-(記敘文)(原卷版)

年份2022年2021年卷區(qū)新高考全國(guó)卷新高考全國(guó)卷I卷II卷乙卷甲卷I卷II卷乙卷甲卷體裁說(shuō)明文記敘文說(shuō)明文記敘文說(shuō)明文記敘文說(shuō)明文記敘文主題中國(guó)政府計(jì)劃建立大熊貓國(guó)家公園正在修車的Henry拯救了小男孩的故事中國(guó)商會(huì)博物館慶祝第一個(gè)國(guó)際茶日一名有視力障礙的北京男子徒步旅行“一路一帶”事情介紹黃山的云海、溫泉及臺(tái)階作者為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，減少使用塑料垃圾介紹新興生態(tài)旅游的概念、起源及原則介紹作者瀏覽西安長(zhǎng)城的活動(dòng)有提示詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞22111102非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞22430222名詞11111121形容詞01123222副詞11001000數(shù)詞00000100代詞00101010無(wú)提示詞介詞10110111冠詞1101111連詞1111111其他詞1（定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞）1（特殊疑問(wèn)詞）01（定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞）1（主語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞）1（定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞）00【題型說(shuō)明】1、(1).在一篇200詞左右的短文中留出10空白；(2).分為提示詞型和無(wú)提示詞型兩種。2、該題型強(qiáng)調(diào)在語(yǔ)篇環(huán)境中考查考生加工處理語(yǔ)言信息、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、熟練運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和詞匯知識(shí)的能力。3.有提示詞填空有6處或7處，考查側(cè)重點(diǎn)排序如下：(1)、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)及非謂語(yǔ)詞；(2)、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,以動(dòng)詞或名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞為主。無(wú)提詞填空有3處或4處，以考查介詞、連詞和詞及從句引導(dǎo)詞為主?！久}分析】近幾年語(yǔ)法填空的難度不大，所考查語(yǔ)法較為基礎(chǔ)，未來(lái)高考的考點(diǎn)分布會(huì)更加均勻和細(xì)化。語(yǔ)法填空分為有提示詞填空題型和無(wú)提示詞填空題型。有提示詞填空題型要求考生用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，題中給出的王要是動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞和名詞幾大詞類，考生需根據(jù)語(yǔ)境填出正確的詞形。無(wú)提示詞填空題型需要考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)境在設(shè)空處填入符合上下文邏輯、法、句法的詞匯，主要查冠詞、連詞(并列句)、介詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、(定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句等的)引導(dǎo)詞等，每空只填一詞?？忌筛鶕?jù)語(yǔ)境判斷設(shè)空處所表示的含義，通過(guò)分析句子成分確定詞性?！緫?yīng)考思路】思路1根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和詞匯知識(shí)填空根據(jù)某些語(yǔ)法知識(shí)或詞匯知識(shí)來(lái)解題。接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，下列各類動(dòng)詞必須牢記：只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(enjoy,consider,suggest,admit,finish,keep,avoid,miss,risk,delay等）；能接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(want,decide,manage,plan,refuse,offer等)。另外對(duì)句式搭配要求較為特別的詞語(yǔ)(如表示“喜歡”、“恨”等情感傾向的動(dòng)詞后接it，然后構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu))也要牢記。思路2根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系或語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞填空語(yǔ)篇是指比單個(gè)句子長(zhǎng)的語(yǔ)言單位(句群、段落、篇章等)。語(yǔ)篇間往往有表明內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞，稱為“語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞”，如：表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的有first,second,third,finally等；表示因果關(guān)系的詞有thus,therefore,so等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系或變換話題的詞和詞組有however,but,bytheway等。語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞對(duì)迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)、弄清上下文的關(guān)系很有幫助。如果設(shè)空處沒(méi)有給出提示詞，考生就需要根據(jù)文章大意、上下文的邏輯關(guān)系及對(duì)一些長(zhǎng)難句結(jié)構(gòu)的分析和理解來(lái)確定設(shè)空處在句中的功能，界定詞性，進(jìn)而確定它的意義，最后確定它的形式。思路3根據(jù)固定短語(yǔ)或句型填空熟練掌握一些常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)和搭配，如asamatteroffact,haveindoingsth.,beproudof,bytheway,congratulate...on...,devote...to...earnone'sliving,belikelytodosth.,feellikedoing,keepone''word,makeupone'smind等及常用的句型，如so/such...that...,Thereisnodoubtthat.…,Thereisnosensein(doing)sth.等，對(duì)解題很有幫助。思路4根據(jù)句式分析填空做語(yǔ)法填空題時(shí)，經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到一些長(zhǎng)難句，如復(fù)合句和并列句，而設(shè)空處也沒(méi)有給出提示詞。這時(shí)，考生需首先抓住句子的主干，然后再分析其他的部分，這樣，解題過(guò)程便得到簡(jiǎn)化，從而容易確定設(shè)空處是需要填寫并列連詞還是從句的引導(dǎo)詞等?！窘忸}步驟】步驟1通讀全文,理解大意快速瀏覽全文，尤其要認(rèn)真閱讀文章首句，把握文章大意和作者的寫作意圖，并確定主體時(shí)態(tài)。步驟2巧用已知，分析結(jié)構(gòu)，確定詞性(1)、熟記詞語(yǔ)的搭配，根據(jù)搭配，可以比較容易地在文章中找出隱藏的提示；(2)、弄清句子的意義，了解句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，以確定連詞的使用；(3)、遇到從句時(shí)首先要判斷是什么從句，然后注意所填詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分；(4)、遇到非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，按“確定成分、確定主被動(dòng)關(guān)系、確定動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的時(shí)間”這三步來(lái)解決；(5)、遇到動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)問(wèn)題時(shí)要看時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提示、上下句或前后文的時(shí)間暗示；(6)、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，運(yùn)用各種技巧確定設(shè)空處所缺單詞的詞性，再根據(jù)語(yǔ)境確定其正確形式。步驟3重讀全文，仔細(xì)核查，語(yǔ)法正確，語(yǔ)意貫通做完題后，將全文仔細(xì)審讀一遍，在確保文意通順的前提下，檢查所填詞的拼寫、大小寫等是否正確?！究挤ǚ治觥靠挤?提示詞是動(dòng)詞當(dāng)括號(hào)內(nèi)提示詞是動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)先判斷設(shè)空處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。(1)、若句中缺少謂語(yǔ)，則主要考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致等。其解題方法為：①根據(jù)語(yǔ)境或句中的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞確定時(shí)態(tài)；②根據(jù)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系確定動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)(考生應(yīng)注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊用法，如主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義)；③注意主謂一致。(2)、若句中已有謂語(yǔ)，且設(shè)空處不是作并列謂語(yǔ)，則考慮填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。其解題方法為：①根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中所作的句于成分、句式要求等，確定應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞還是不定式(作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)常用動(dòng)名詞或不定式，作目的狀語(yǔ)要用不定式，而作時(shí)間、原因、伴隨等狀語(yǔ)常用現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞)。②尋找邏輯主語(yǔ)，確定邏輯主語(yǔ)與所給動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系(如果它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞形式；如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用過(guò)去分詞形式；但當(dāng)含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式；如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式);③分析所給動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序，確定是用一般式還是完成式。[全國(guó)新高考12020·38]The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,_________(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhich/thatopenedin1759.【解析】句意為：例如，漢斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8萬(wàn)件藏品是1759年開(kāi)放的大英博物館的核心藏品。分析句子成分可知，該空為主句的謂語(yǔ)；根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處講述的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填formed.。考法2提示詞是形容詞或副詞如果括號(hào)內(nèi)提示詞是形容詞或副詞,主要考查點(diǎn)有:(1)、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，如形容詞和副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換、形容詞或副詞與名詞、動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。其解題方法為：首先應(yīng)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定要填的詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，然后根?jù)構(gòu)詞法將括號(hào)中的詞轉(zhuǎn)化為需要的詞類。如修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子要用副詞；修飾名詞要用形容詞。當(dāng)詞性不一定要變時(shí)，要注意與詞根意義相反的派生詞，如在所給提示詞前加前綴un-,im-,in-,il-,dis-,mis-等(2)、考查形容詞或副詞的比較等級(jí)?？忌筛鶕?jù)句中出現(xiàn)的標(biāo)志詞than或“the+比較級(jí),he+比較級(jí)”及句中的隱含比較意義確定用比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)。[全國(guó)I2020·62]Landingonthemoon''sfarsideis__________(extreme)challenging.【解析】句意為:著陸在月球的背面是極具挑戰(zhàn)性的。分析句子成分可知，此處用于修飾形容詞challenging,應(yīng)用副詞，故填extremely?？挤?提示詞是名詞當(dāng)提示詞是名詞時(shí)，一般考查其復(fù)數(shù)形式、名詞所有格等，或轉(zhuǎn)換成其他詞類，如轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞形式。其解題方法為：(1)、根據(jù)題干的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，特別是空前的限定詞判斷詞性，冠詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞等之后應(yīng)用名詞。(2)、確定詞性為名詞后，再確定名詞可數(shù)與不可數(shù)，用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，用名詞的所有格還是其他形式。如果名詞可數(shù),則需根據(jù)其前的限定詞及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式確定名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。[全國(guó)II2019·70]Wearesoproudofher.It's_________(wonder).【解析】句意為:這太棒了。設(shè)空處前有系動(dòng)詞is，應(yīng)用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài),故填wonderful。考法4提示詞是代詞(1)、解答填寫代詞的題目時(shí)，應(yīng)注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。若句中缺少主語(yǔ)，則填代詞主格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it；若動(dòng)詞或介詞后缺賓語(yǔ)，則要填代詞賓格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it；若空后為名詞，設(shè)空處可填形容詞性物主代詞或不定代詞；若賓語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)是同一人或物，則用反身代詞。(2)、根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷句子是否為it的特殊句式，即it作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)或用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中。[全國(guó)新高考I2020·42]Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations（模擬）andimagine_________(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.【解析】句意為：在看展時(shí)，參觀者們還可以利用電腦模擬程序，想象他們生活在一個(gè)不同的歷史期或穿行在熱帶雨林中。分析句子成分可知，此處為imaginesb.doingsth.結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處為動(dòng)詞imagine的賓語(yǔ)，且與主語(yǔ)visitors指的是同一對(duì)象，故填反身代詞themselves.考法5考查冠詞(1)、下列情況中，設(shè)空處很可能是考查不定冠詞：①_______+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù);②_______+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)(2)、下列情況中，設(shè)空處很可能是考查定冠詞：①__________(+定語(yǔ))+名詞+of等介詞短語(yǔ)(表示特指)；②__________(+定語(yǔ))+名詞+定語(yǔ)從句(表示特指)；③__________(+定語(yǔ))+名詞+不定式短語(yǔ)或分詞短語(yǔ)(表示特指)。(3)、如果空后有序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)、表特定意義的比較級(jí)等，且無(wú)提示詞，那么一般要填冠詞。[全國(guó)II2020·70]Theplumtreesare__________firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).【解析】句意為：梅花樹是第一批開(kāi)花的樹，甚至在冰雪正在融化的時(shí)候(就已經(jīng)開(kāi)花了)。根據(jù)設(shè)空處的序數(shù)詞first可知，沒(méi)空處應(yīng)用定冠詞，表示“第一個(gè)”。故填the?？挤?考查介詞空后如果是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或what從句，且它們不作主語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可能會(huì)填介詞；或空前是動(dòng)詞，空后為名詞、動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，設(shè)空處可能會(huì)填介詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。也可根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及介詞與名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等的搭配，如devote..to...,awareof,onsale,chargefor等判斷是否應(yīng)填介詞。[全國(guó)新高考I2020·45]Museumsmustcompete_______people'ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.【解析】句意為：博物館必須同其他的娛樂(lè)項(xiàng)目競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，以獲得人們的空閑時(shí)間與金錢。competefor...with...為固定搭配，意為“為……與……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，故填for?？挤?考查并列連詞或從句的引導(dǎo)詞從句的類型主要有：狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句。(1)、并列句考查并列連詞and,but,or,so等；(2)、狀語(yǔ)從句考查從屬連詞because,as,since,though,although,if,unless,when,while,before,after等；(3)、名詞性從句考查引導(dǎo)詞that,if/whether,which,who,what,where,how等；(4)、定語(yǔ)從句考查關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose及關(guān)系副詞when,where等。其解題方法為：①連接兩個(gè)功能對(duì)等的單詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)填并列連詞and，or,but等。若兩個(gè)句子(有兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間沒(méi)有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，也沒(méi)有連詞，則設(shè)空處應(yīng)填連詞，否則句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。②根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系，或者根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，確定是并列句還是主從復(fù)合句。如果是主從復(fù)合句，則根據(jù)各類從句的特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合連接詞的意義和用法，確定填具體的某個(gè)連接詞。定語(yǔ)從句：首先確定先行詞，然后分析關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分，結(jié)合關(guān)系詞的意義和用法，確定具體的關(guān)系詞。名詞性從句：a分析從句在主句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，確定從句是主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句還是同位語(yǔ)從句;b分析從句結(jié)構(gòu)確定從句引導(dǎo)詞；若從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，用從屬連詞，如：陳述事實(shí)用that；表示“是否”用if或whether；若從句缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，則考慮用連接代詞；若從句缺少狀語(yǔ)，則用連接副詞。狀語(yǔ)從句：如果句中不缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)是缺少狀語(yǔ)，然后根據(jù)設(shè)空處在從句中是作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)還是原因狀語(yǔ)等，確定具體的連接詞。[全國(guó)Ⅲ2020·65]________heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary（傳奇的）artist,theysmiledandpointeddowntheriver.【解析】句意為：當(dāng)他問(wèn)江岸上的村民們他要到哪兒才能找到這位傳奇的畫家時(shí)，村民們笑了并指了指江水的下游。結(jié)合句意可知，此處引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，故應(yīng)用When或As引導(dǎo)。考法8考查助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，如果句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，空后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞原形或havedone；或bedoing等，或上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致時(shí)，可能需填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則需要填助動(dòng)詞do,does,did等?！纠縄'mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifI________makeenoughmoney.【解析】句意為：如果我能夠掙到足夠的錢，就會(huì)和約翰一起去歐洲度假。由句意可知，此處表示能力，故填can，意為“能夠”。考法9考查特殊句式主要考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、祈使句、感嘆句、therebe句型及部分倒裝句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。【例】Itwasnotuntilneartheendoftheletter________shementionedherownplan.【解析】句意為：直到信的結(jié)尾處她才提到了自己的計(jì)劃。此句為含有notuntil的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)notuntilneartheendoftheletter,故答案為that。Passage1（2022·全國(guó)新高考II卷真題）HenryTylermadethecatchoftheyearontheweekend.Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth-floorapartmentbalcony(陽(yáng)臺(tái)),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2-metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthe___1___(fall)child.EricBrown,onlythreeyearsold,knockedHenrydownwhenhefell.Theboyisinthehospitalanddoctorssayhe'llbeOK.___2___BrownfamilyliveinanapartmentbuildingoutsideToronto.Onthedayoftheaccident,Mrs.BrownwasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.Theybothfell___3___(sleep)whilewatchingTV.Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup___4___(see)them.Whenhelookeddown,he___5___(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.Hehungonforafewminutes___6___screamedforhisfather,buthisfatherdidn'thearhim.Henry___7___(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.Hequickly___8___(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.Hesavedmy___9___(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown."Idon'tknow___10___tothankhim.”"Ijustdidn'twanttheboytobehurt,"saidHenry.Passage2（2022·全國(guó)·高考甲卷真題）Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep___11___(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,___12___losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation___13___(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.___14___friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehiscompanionduringthetrip.CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental___15___(protect).Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore___16___(meaning).Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,000plasticbottlesalongthe40-dayjourney.Inthelastfiveyears.Cao___17___(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s___18___(high)mountain.Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometers___19___Xi’antoKashgaronSept.20,____20____(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.Passage3（2021·全國(guó)新高考II卷真題）I'vealwayslovedtheocean.Inthe____21____(seven)grade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia.Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,____22____(think)itisfood.Idecidedtodosomething____23____(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.Iheldpresentationsatschoolstoteachkidsaboutplasticwaste.Iwantedtoreachbusinessestoo.IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany____24____usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.Oneday,Isawacommercialforahealth-carecompany.Peopleintheadwereusingplasticstraws（吸管）.

Ifoundthecontactinformationofthecompany____25____emaileditspresident.Itoldhimhow____26____(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.Iwasso____27____(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthecompanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto____28____(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.Acompany____29____(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover_____30_____plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.Passage4（2021·全國(guó)·高考甲卷真題）TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It___31___(build)originallytoprotectthecity___32___theTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).Itispossible

___33___(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.WeaccessedthewallthroughtheSouthGate.Thewallis12metershighandfromhereyoucanseestreamsofpeoplemovinginsideandoutsidetheCityWall.After___34___(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat___35___(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!We___36___(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshaky___37___didthejob.Ittookusabout3hourstogoall___38___wayaroundtheXi'anCityWall.Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand___39___(watchtower)tofakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir____40____(day)routines.Passage1（2022·安徽省蕪湖市教育局模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Sixweeksbeforehis97thbirthday,GiuseppePaternòfulfilledthedreamofalifetime:He____1____(get)auniversitydegree.Mr.Paternò’s____2____(graduate)hasinspirednewsreportsaroundtheworld,partlybecause____3____hisage.Buthehasalsodrawnattentionbecausehislifestoryspeaksofcommitment,athemethathasresonated(產(chǎn)生共鳴)asmillionsofschoolchildreninItalyandelsewherefaceextraordinaryuncertaintyduringthecoronaviruspandemic.BorninPalermoin1923,thefirstofsevenchildrenina“verypoorfamily”,Mr.Paternòbeganworkingsoonafter____4____(finish)elementaryschool.Itwasonlyafterheretired,inthemid-1980s,thathereturnedtohisbooks.“Hisstoryprovesthatdreamscancometrueandthatyoucanremainyoung—ifnotinageatleastinspirit—ifyoudevelopinterests.”saidRosellaCancila,hisessayadviserand____5____professorofhistoryattheUniversityofPalermo.Italy’suniversitysystemisbasedonathree-yeardegree,____6____(follow)byatwo-yearmaster’scourse.UniversityofficialsarehopingthatMr.Paternò____7____(continue)hisstudies.Heisn’tsosure.“Ihavetoadmitthatinthismoment,Idon’tknow____8____Iwouldhandleitwiththesamespirit.”hesaid,notingthatalltheattentionhadbeenabittiring.Still,Mr.Paternòsaid,hewould____9____(probable)registeranyway.“Iwanttokeepmy_____10_____(choice)open.”Passage2（2022·江西·一模）BeforecomingtoChinatoteach,Iwronglyassumedthattherewouldbemuch___11___(difficult)formesinceIcouldn’tspeakChinesewell.Nevertheless,whileitpresentedsomeinterestingchallenges,IcannotstressenoughhowwarmthemajorityofpeopleImet___12___(be).Makingfriendswasmybigconcern___13___firstbutIsoonsettledinandbecamegoodfriendswiththefellowteachers.Thereweren’tmanyforeignersattheschoolin___14___Iwasteaching,butIhadplentyoffriendlyneighbours___15___(keep)mecompany.Theyoftenhadmeroundfordinner!InChina,teachers___16___(normal)getseveralweeksoffforChineseNewYear,soIwasfortunateenoughtotravelabit.IlovedwalkingalongtheGreatWallandvisitingtheForbiddenCity.WhenitcomestomyfavouriteChinesefood,howcanIpossiblychoose?!Everymealwasafeast,especiallywiththelowcostoflivingwhichmeanteatingoutwasn’tjustsomething___17___(luxury).WhileIlovedthebigcrowdeddinnerswith20+dishesonthetable,Iwas___18___bigfanofthehomemadedumplingsmyfriendmadeforme.I'dstronglyconsidergoingbackjusttotastethemagain!Overall,itcan'tbe___19___(good)ifyoucanhavethechancetoteachinChinaforsometime.I’dabsolutelydoitagainif____20____(give)thechance.Passage3（2022·四川·成都七中模擬預(yù)測(cè)）MostofmyfriendshaveneverbeentoChina.Ihavebeenluckyenoughtomakeatleastthirteentripsthere,someonbusiness,othersfor___21___(please).WheninChina,Ihadtheopportunitytoeatinalotofdifferentrestaurants,___22___(range)fromthelargeandfancytothesmallandpedestrian.___23___Ireallymiss,andcan’tgethereinCanadaistheChinesestreetfood.Yearsago,whileworkinginBeijing,myroutetotheofficetookmethoughahutongandIalwayspassedamanmakingfoodonacuttingboard.Themanhadalargebowlofwhitedoughfromwhichhewouldbreakoffapiecethatherolledintoaballalittle___24___(large)thanagolfball.Thishethenflattenedintoa“waffle”abouttencentimetersacrossandwenton___25___(cook)onthehottopofanoilbarrel,turningthe“waffle”___26___constantly.Anegg,sometimestwo,wouldbespreadoverthistogetherwith___27___(chop)onionsandsomesortofspices.Thewholething___28___(serve)inapaperwrapper.Iwouldtaketwoofthese,brewacupofcoffeeandhavean___29___(absolute)deliciousbreakfast.Unfortunately,Idon’tthinkIwilleveragainhavetheprivilegeoftravellingtoChina___30___thestreetfoodtreatswillhavetoliveononlyinmymemory.Passage4（2022·遼寧·東北育才學(xué)校模擬預(yù)測(cè)）BorninChinain1911,QianXuesenmajoredinrailroadengineeringatJiaotongUniversityinShanghaibutswitchedtoaeronautics(航空學(xué))in1935____31____hecametotheUnitedStatestopursuegraduatestudies.He____32____(earn)amaster’sdegreein1936fromMITandthenaPhDin1939.Shortlythereafter,heworkedinAmericaandplayedacontributingroleintheAmericanspaceprogram.In1950,____33____(he)requesttoreturntoChinawasdenied.Eventually,heleftwithhisfamilyforChinain1955asaresultofdiplomaticnegotiationsinGeneva.UponhisreturntoChina,Qian____34____(appoint)asdirectoroftheInstituteofMechanicsintheChineseAcademyofSciencesinBeijing.Inthelate1950sandearly1960s,hehelpedChinaconductthefirsttestofanatomic(原子的)bomb____35____(deliver)byamediumrangemissilein1966.Hefurthermorecontributed____36____Chinalaunchingitsfirstsatellitein1970.Inhislateryears,QianwasalsocreditedinChinaforprovidingcriticalsupportofthehumanspaceflightprogramwhenitfacedcutbacks.Hewas____37____(especial)influentialinhis____38____(promote)ofsystemsengineeringinaerospace(航天航空)projectsandother____39____(area)untilhisdeathin2009.Qianisregardedas_____40_____pioneeringandfoundationalfigureinthehistoryofChina’sspaceprogram.Passage5（2022·河北石家莊·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）ChinesecultureisbecomingmorepopularinyoungNamibiansastheyarepursuingtheChineselanguage.RenaStephanus,____41____communicationgraduate,enrolledin(參加)aChineselanguagecourseattheConfuciusInstituteattheUniversityofNamibiathisyear.“Chineseisoneofthemostwidely____42____(speak)languagesintheworld.Whereveryouareintheworld,youwillbeexposedtothelanguageoneway____43____another.MycuriosityaboutChinaand____44____(it)peoplemotivatedmetoenroll,”she____45____(say)lastWednesday.StephanusbelievedthattheChineselanguageisessentialforher____46____(communicate).“Theremovingofcommunicationbarriersistheprimaryreason____47____IenrolledforChinese.”Althougha____48____(begin)inthecourse,StephanushasseenherinterestgrowinChina’shistoryandtheChineseculture.AccordingtoStephanus,Chineseart,musicandliteraturehavenowbecomean____49____(importance)partofherlife.“The____50____(cultural)richcountryhassomuchtobeexploredandtheexposuretothelanguagegraduallyimprovesmybasicunderstandingofChinaanditspeople,”Stephanussaid.Passage6（2022·福建龍巖·三模）JiangYufan,21,wasinspiredfortheoriginaldesignoftheOlympicWinterGames’mascotShueyRhonRhon.Shewasbroughtupinasmalltownwithredlanternshangingeverywhere,leavingitbathed___51___astrongfestiveatmosphere.Thepastfouryearswitnessedthemostsignificantperiodofherlife.Itwasin2018___52___thethenjuniorstudentattheJilinUniversityofArtspresented___53___design-aChineseknotandadumpling.___54___(feel)theydidn’tgotogetherwell,herteacherurgedhertoreviseherdesignagain.Later,she___55___(submit)thefirstdraftofhernowwinningentry,aChineseknotandaredlantern.JiangandherteachertravelledbetweenChangchunandBeijingmorethan30times___56___(polish)thedesign.Manyformermascotshadbeen___57___(animal),soJiangwasrequiredtomakehersmorelivelyanddynamic.For300days,Jiangandherteamworkedonthedesign,butsheneverthoughtofgiving___58___(she)up.Theirhardworkhad___59___(eventual)paidoff,andShueyRhonRhonwaschosentobetheofficialmascotforthe2022BeijingParalympicGames.Jiangsaidtheprocesshelpedhergrowandshehopedherlanternwouldbring___60___(warm)totheworldandlightuppeople’sdreams.Passage7（2022·山東·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）YaoZhongyu,astudentofBeihangUniversityfromTaiwan,toldhisparentsinavideo___61___(post)onlinethathewouldnotbeabletospendtheSpringFestivalwith___62___(they)ashevolunteeredfortheBeijing2022WinterOlympicGames.“BeijingissuchabigstageandIhavemissedoutonmanyofthebigeventsthat___63___(take)placeinthepastfewyears.Itisa___64___(significance)opportunitytoparticipateasavolunteerinsuchaninternationalevent,”Yaosaid.Inorder___65___(select),YaohadpassedtheCollegeEnglishTestbeforehesignedupasavolunteer,attendedtheRedCrossrescuetraining,___66___wasorganizedbyBeihangUniversity,andobtainedacorrespondingcertificate.“Myparentsthinkthatitisanhonor___67___metobeapartoftheBeijing2022andthey___68___(true)takeprideinme,”Yaosaid.YaoworkedasavolunteerintheYanqingcompetitionzoneinthesuburbanareaofBeijing.AccordingtoYao,themainlandhasdone___69___greatjobinCOVID-19preventionandcontrol,andBeijinghasmanypoliciestosupportstudentsfromTaiwantostartbusinessesandfindjobs.Heplanstopursuehiscareerinthemainlandafter___70___(complete)hisstudies.Passage8（2022·湖北·武漢市第十二中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Fu,60,hasbeenacyclingenthusiastformanyyears,andithasalwaysbeenhisdreamtogotoLhasabybike.In2019,heretiredandhasbeenabletodevotemoretimetocycling____71____then.Afteroverhalfayearof____72____(prepare),onMay22,hesetoff.Fu____73____(ride)uptomorethan100kmperday,andalongthewayhehadencounteredrain,fogandwind.Worsestill,he____74____(see)wolveswhichmadehim____75____(desperate)tiredsometimes.Thebiggestdifficultyisclimbingmountainsatahighaltitude,forthereisaseverelackofoxygen.____76____hewasnotalone.Duringtheride,hepostedwhathesawandheardonsocialmediaandattractedmanyfollowers.After82days,cycling____77____totalof5,600km,hefinallygottoMountQomolangma,passing____78____sixprovincesandregions.Fubelievesitwashisscientificapproachtotrainingthatenabledhim____79____(overcome)thosedifficultiesandreachhisdestination.“Also,Myfamily,friendsandcyclistsfromalloverthecountryallgavemegreatencouragementandsupport.Withoutthem,Imightnothavefinished,”saysFu.Forthefuture,Fuhasmany_____80_____(much)plans.“IwillcontinueridingeveryyearandtrytorealizemydreamofridingaroundChina,”hesays.Passage9（2022·江蘇蘇州·三模）AsmanyChinesepeoplecelebratedthenation’s____81____(late)spacewalk,theywerealsothinkingofthe___