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第03講Unit2I'llhelptocleanupthecityparks.SectionA模塊一單詞預(yù)習(xí)模塊二課文預(yù)習(xí)模塊三考點(diǎn)精講精練模塊四語法精講精練模塊五小試牛刀過關(guān)測1.預(yù)習(xí)SectionA新單詞2.預(yù)習(xí)SectionA新課文3.掌握SectionA核心考點(diǎn)4.掌握語法動詞短語和動詞不定式cleanup打掃(或清除)干凈cheer[t???/,/t??r]v.歡呼;喝彩cheerup(使)變得更高興;振奮起來giveout分發(fā);散發(fā)volunteer[v?l?n't??/,/vɑ:l?n't?r/]v.義務(wù)做;自愿做n.志愿者comeupwith想出;提出(主意、計劃、回答等)putoff推遲sign[sa?n/]n.標(biāo)志;信號notice['n??t?s/]n.通知;通告;注意v.注意到;意識到handout分發(fā)callup打電話給(某人);征召usedto曾經(jīng);過去lonely['l??nli/]adj.孤獨(dú)的;寂寞的carefor照顧;非常喜歡several['sevr?l/]pron.幾個;數(shù)個;一些strong[str??/,/str?:?/]adj.強(qiáng)烈的;強(qiáng)壯的feeling['fi:l??]n.感覺;感觸satisfaction[s?t?s'f?k?n/]n.滿足;滿意joy[d???/]n.高興;愉快owner['??n?(r)/]n.物主;主人tryout參加選拔;試用journey['d??:(r)ni/]n.(尤指長途)旅行;行程raise[re?z/]v.募集;征集alone[?'l??n/]adv.獨(dú)自;單獨(dú)SectionA2dHelen:Hi,Tom.I'mmaking(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時)someplanstoworkinanoldpeople'shomethissummer.Tom:Really?Ididthatlastsummer!Helen:Oh,whatdidtheyaskyoutohelpoutwith(幫忙做……)?Tom:Mm...thingslikereadingthenewspapertotheoldpeople,orjusttalkingtothem.Theytoldmestories(講故事)aboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.Helen:Thatsounds(表示”聽起來“,后接形容詞)interesting.Tom:Yeah,alotofoldpeoplearelonely(孤獨(dú)的)區(qū)分alone表示”單獨(dú)的“.Weshouldlistentothemandcareforthem.Helen:You'reright.Imean,we'reallgoingtobeoldoneday,too.SectionA3aStudentsWhoVolunteerMarioGreenandMaryBrownfromRiversideHighSchoolgiveupseveralhourseachweektohelpothers.Mariolovesanimalsandwantstobeananimaldoctor(動物醫(yī)生,也可用vet).Hevolunteers/?v?l?n?t??(r)/(v.自愿)atananimalhospitaleverySaturdaymorning.Mariobelievesitcanhelphimtogethisfuturedreamjob.“It'shardwork,”hesays,“butIwanttolearnmoreabouthowtocareforanimals.Igetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfaction(滿足感)whenIseetheanimalsgetbetterandthelook(n.)ofjoyontheirowners’faces.”Maryisabooklover.Shecouldreadbyherself(”自己閱讀“,反身代詞oneself可以起到強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用)attheageoffour.Lastyear,shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.Shestillworksthereonceaweektohelpkidslearntoread.“Thekidsaresittinginthelibrary,butyoucanseeintheireyesthatthey'regoingonadifferentjourneywitheachnewbook.Volunteering(動名詞做主語,”志愿者活動“)hereisadreamcometrueforme.IcandowhatIlovetodoandhelpothersatthesametime.”考點(diǎn)1.could的用法用法分析could是情態(tài)動詞can的過去式。在此句中could并不表示過去,只是表示委婉、客氣的語氣。一般疑問句的肯定答語用Sure./Certainly./Allright.等;否定答語用Sorry./Sorry,Ican’t.等。你可以嘗試自己做早飯。Youcouldtrycookingbreakfastyourself.考點(diǎn)拓展could的其他用法:(1)表示要求或請求。Couldyoupleasetellmehowtogetthere?你能告訴我如何到那兒嗎?(2)表示能力,此時是can的過去式。HecouldspeakEnglishwhenhewasfour.他四歲時就可以說英語?!狪t’stoohot.Iswiminthelake?—No,you______.That’stoodangerous!A.Should;can’t B.Need;mustn’t C.Must;needn’t D.Could;can’t考點(diǎn)2.cleanup的用法用法分析cleanup意為“打掃干凈”,是由“動詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的短語。名詞做其賓語時,可放在副詞前,也可放在副詞后;代詞做其賓語時,只能放在動詞和副詞之間。教室很臟。請打掃一下。Theclassroomisdirty.Pleasecleanitup.注意如果在clean和up中間加上連詞符,它就是名詞,表示“掃除”。你必須對房間進(jìn)行徹底打掃。Youmustgiveyourroomagoodclean-up.根據(jù)所給提示完成句子BythetimeIjoinedGreenerGroup,they(義務(wù)打掃圖書館)for2years.(volunteer)考點(diǎn)3.cheerup的用法用法分析cheerup意為"(使)變得高興;振奮起來",屬于“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu),接代詞it/them時要放在cheerup中間;接名詞時放后面、中間都可以。這個好消息使我們高興了起來。Thegoodnewscheeredusup.【知識拓展】(1)cheer作不及物動詞,意為"歡呼;喝彩"。Thegirlscheeredasthefamoussingerarrived.當(dāng)這位著名的歌手到達(dá)時,女孩子們?yōu)橹畾g呼。(2)cheer作及物動詞,意為"為……歡呼,高呼"。Thewholevillageturnedouttocheerthehero.全村人都出來向那位英雄歡呼。(3)cheer作可數(shù)名詞,意為"歡呼聲;喝彩聲"。常用口語:Cheers!干杯!Wecanhearthecheersofstudentsoutsidethegym.我們在體育場外就能聽到學(xué)生的歡呼聲。1.—LittleJennylooksunhappytoday.—Don’tworry.Aboxofchocolateswillher______.Agive;up B.wake;up C.cheer;up D.pick;up2.Let’sXiaodong.Heisverysadbecauseofhislostpetcat.A.setup B.cheerup C.putup考點(diǎn)4.giveout的用法用法分析giveout意為“分發(fā);發(fā)放;發(fā)布”,相當(dāng)于handout,屬于“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu),故接代詞it/them時要放在giveout中間;接名詞時放后面、中間都可以。請在課前發(fā)考試卷。Pleasegiveouttheexampapersbeforeclass.這些故事書很有趣。請把它們分給孩子們。Thesestory-booksareinteresting.Pleasegivethemouttothechildren.考點(diǎn)拓展(1)giveout還可意為"用完;耗盡",為不及物動詞短語,主語是被用光、耗盡之物。Ourfoodwillgiveout.我們的食物要吃完了。(2)giveout意為"發(fā)出(光、熱等)"時,與giveoff同義。Theflowersinmygardengiveout/offasweetsmell.我花園里的花散發(fā)出芬芳的味道。(3)giveout意為"筋疲力盡"。Thehorsegaveout.馬跑不動了。IwillgiveaT-shirtmybrotherasabirthdaypresent.A.by B.to C.from考點(diǎn)5.notice的用法用法分析notice為可數(shù)名詞,意為“公告牌;通告;布告”。墻上有些通告。Therearesomenoticesonthewall.考點(diǎn)拓展notice做動詞,意為“注意到;察覺到”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)如下:(1)noticesb.dosth.注意到某人做了某事,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成。Inoticedhimleavetheschool.我注意到他離開學(xué)校了。(2)noticesb.doingsth.注意到某人正在做某事,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行。InoticeMr.Wangenteringhisoffice.我注意到王先生正在走進(jìn)辦公室。(3)benoticedtodosth.被注意到做了某事(被動語態(tài))。Shewasnoticedtoentertheoffice.有人看見她走進(jìn)辦公室了。(4)noticesth.done注意到某事被做。Inoticedtheglassbroken.我注意到玻璃杯被弄碎了??键c(diǎn)6.comeupwith的用法用法分析comeupwith(針對問題、方法等)提出或想出(主意等),相當(dāng)于thinkup。我想出了一個計劃,我認(rèn)為能行得通。IhavecomeupwithaplanandIthinkitwillwork.這個聰明的男孩通常能提出一些好主意。Thecleverboyusuallycomesupwithsomegoodideas.考點(diǎn)拓展與come相關(guān)的短語:comefrom來自comeupto達(dá)到comeout出來,出版comeon加油ThegovernmentofChinatheideaofABeltandARoadin2013.A.cameupwith B.cheeredup C.putup考點(diǎn)6.helpout的用法用法分析helpout意為“幫助解決困難”,是動副短語,out為副詞,代詞做賓語時要放在out之前。我生病時他分擔(dān)了我的工作。HehelpedmeoutwhenIwasill.根據(jù)所給提示完成句子—Isthereanyoneyouadmireinyourlife?—Well,I(崇敬那位幫我擺脫困境的警察).(look)考點(diǎn)7.lonely的用法用法分析lonely為形容詞,意為“孤獨(dú)的;寂寞的”。她常感到寂寞。Sheoftenfeelslonely.【易混辨析】lonely與alonelonely孤獨(dú)的;寂寞的;偏僻的形容詞(adj.)定語或表語alone獨(dú)自;單獨(dú)形容詞(adj.)或副詞(adv.)作形容詞時,只能作表語Theoldmanlivesinalonelytown.Hehasnochildrenandheisalone.Helivesalone,butdoesn’tfeellonely.這位老人住在偏僻的鎮(zhèn)上,他沒有孩子,是個單身漢。他獨(dú)自一人住著,但他并不感到孤獨(dú)。1.Itisveryrelaxingtolistentolightmusicbyoneself.(同義替換)A.together B.lonely C.alone D.again2,Whenyoufeelhelplessand_____________,justrememberyouarenot_____________intheworldbecauseyourfriendsarearoundyou.A.alone;alone B.alone;lonely C.lonely;alone考點(diǎn)8.carefor的用法用法分析carefor表示“照顧,照料”,相當(dāng)于takecareof或lookafter.Thechildrenarewellcaredforinthekindergarten.=Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofinthekindergarten.孩子們在幼兒園得到了很好的照顧?!局R拓展】(1)carefor還可意為"喜歡",多用于疑問句和否定句,其同義短語為befondof。Theydonotmuchcareforart.他們對藝術(shù)不是很喜歡。(2)carefor可意為"照料;照顧",與takecareof同義。Themothercaredforthesickchilddayandnight.母親日夜照料著生病的孩子?!狹anyyoungpeopleusuallyoffertheirseatstotheoldonthebus.—That’sgood.Theoldshouldbe.A.lookedfor B.listenedto C.dependedon D.caredfor考點(diǎn)9.several的用法用法分析(1)several做形容詞,意為“幾個的;數(shù)個的”,用來修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),做定語。這兒有幾則新聞。Hereareseveralpiecesofnews.(2)several做代詞,意為“幾個,數(shù)個,—些”,常用作主語或賓語。他們中的幾個人昨天去海灘了。Severalofthemwenttothebeachyesterday.考點(diǎn)拓展(1)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞(組):several,many,few,afew,anumberof等。(2)修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞(組):much,litle,alittle等。(3)既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞(組):some,any,alotof,lotsof,plentyof等。Mysistercanspeaklanguages.ShecanspeakEnglish,SpanishandJapanese.A.several B.few C.all考點(diǎn)10.feeling的用法用法分析feeling為可數(shù)名詞,意為“感覺,感觸”,其動詞形式為feel,表示人的憤怒、悲傷、快樂、饑餓等感覺時為可數(shù)名詞。考點(diǎn)拓展feel做系動詞時,后接形容詞做表語;做實(shí)義動詞時,是感官動詞,其后可接不帶to的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語,即:feelsb./sth.dosth.(感覺某人/某物做某事),feelsb./sth.doingsth.感覺某人/某物正在做某事。Ifeelrelaxedafterthetest.考試后我覺得很放松。PeoplefeltthehousesshakeinWenchuan.汶川的人感到房子在搖晃。Icanfeelthewindblowingonmyface.我能感覺到風(fēng)吹到我的臉上。固定搭配(1)feellike意為“想要(做某事)”,其后接名詞或動名詞,不能接不定式。Hedidn’tfeellikegoingtoschool.他不想去上學(xué)。(2)feellike的另一個意思是“摸起來好像”。Itfeelslikesilk.它摸起來像絲綢??键c(diǎn)11.owner的用法用法分析owner為可數(shù)名詞,意為“物主;主人”,theownerof意為“…...的主人”。Whoistheownerofthedog?誰是這只狗的主人?注意ownv.擁有;adj,自己的??键c(diǎn)12.hope的用法用法分析hope意為"希望;期望";后常接動詞不定式;構(gòu)成短語"hopetodosth"意為"希望做某事"。Ihopetoseemypenpal,Lucy.我希望見到我的筆友露西?!疽谆毂嫖觥縣ope與wish"希望"不同hopehopetodosth"希望做某事"hope+(that)從句"希望……",常表示可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望wishwishsbsth"希望某人……",表示祝愿wishtodosth"希望做某事"wishsbtodosth"希望某人做某事"wish+(that)從句"希望……",常表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較小的愿望hope和wish都可作名詞,但hope意為"希望";wish意為"愿望;心愿;祝愿"。學(xué)&科網(wǎng)【誤區(qū)警示】hope后可接不定式作賓語,但不能接復(fù)合賓語。即我們可以表達(dá)為:hopetodosth,但不可以表達(dá)為hopesbtodosth。Thevolunteershope_____________somethingforthepoorchildrenintheWesternareas.A.todo B.doing C.did D.do考點(diǎn)13.journey的用法用法分析journey為名詞,意為“(尤指長途)旅行;行程”。考點(diǎn)辨析tour,trip,journey,travet(1)tour指到各地觀光、考察,中途有停留點(diǎn),繞行后再回到原出發(fā)點(diǎn)的旅行,也用來指觀光與商業(yè)旅行等。Hemadeathree-daytourtoHongKong.他去香港進(jìn)行了一次三日游。(2)trip多指使用任何交通工具的一去一回的短途旅行或指旅行和訪問的總的情況,可意為“遠(yuǎn)足”。Heisgoingonatrip.他要外出旅行。ItookseveraltripstoQingdao.我去過青島幾次。(3)journey一般指在陸地上進(jìn)行的長途旅行,常表示所花的時間及所走的路程都相當(dāng)長,而且有最終不一定又回到原出發(fā)地的含義,常蘊(yùn)涵辛苦的意味。HedecidedtomakehisjourneytoOttawa.他決定到渥太華旅游。(4)travel多指長期或長途的觀光旅行,泛指一切陸上、水上或空中的旅行,尤指到國外的旅行,它無定向的目的地,有到各地游歷的意味。它表示具體的旅行時常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。DidyouenjoyyourtravelsinChina?你的中國之行愉快嗎?考點(diǎn)14.cometrue的用法用法分析cometrue意為“實(shí)現(xiàn)”,其中的come是系動詞,true是表語。Somedaymydreamofbecomingateacherwillcometrue.總有一天我當(dāng)教師的夢想會實(shí)現(xiàn)。—Ifyoutryhard,yourdreamwill.—Yes,I______.A.cometrue;will B.betruly;will C.cometrue;do D.betrue;do考點(diǎn)15.putoff的用法用法分析putoff意為“推遲;拖延”,可與名詞、代詞、賓語從句或動名詞連用,但不能接不定式。off為副詞,接代詞時放在put與off之間。Don’tputoffuntiltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.今日事,今日畢?!局R拓展】常見put構(gòu)成的短語1.—Mom,canIleavethechorestilltomorrow?—I’mafraidnot.Youcan’ttoday’sworktilltomorrow.A.putoff B.turndown C.giveaway D.lookup2.因為大雨他們不得不推遲舉行運(yùn)動會。Theyhadto_______________________________________thesportsmeetingbecauseoftheheavyrain.3.咱們把這幅畫貼在墻上吧。Let’s__________________________thepictureonthewall.考點(diǎn)16.callup的用法用法分析callup意為“給……打電話”,后面接指人的詞匯,該短語是由“動詞+副詞”構(gòu)成,如果它的賓語是代詞,代詞要放在副詞之前。請馬上給他打電話。Pleasecallhimupatonce,please.注意表示“給打電話”的常見說法有:givesb.acall,ringsb.up,givesb.aring,telephone/phonesb.up,telephone/phone(to)sb.等。Onmywayhome,Isawagrannyfalldown.Iofferedhelpfirstandthenthepolice.A.calledup B.caredfor C.cheeredup D.foundout考點(diǎn)17.raise的用法用法分析raise做及物動詞,意為“募集;征集”,其過去式和過去分詞均為raised。常用短語:raisemoneyfor…意為“為……籌款”。Theywanttoraisemoneyforhomelesspeople.他們想為無家可歸的人籌錢??键c(diǎn)拓展raise的其他含義:(1)舉起;提升。Raiseyourhandtogetpermissiontospeak.舉手爭取發(fā)言權(quán)。(2)培養(yǎng);撫養(yǎng)。Thepoorparentsraisedherasanengineer.貧窮的父母把她培養(yǎng)成一位工程師?!狧owdidyourclassraisemoneyforthepooroldmaninhospital?—WeorganizedabookfairontheplaygroundandsoldsomebooksandCDs.(同義替換)A.collect B.putup C.spend一.動詞短語一、基本用法1.動詞短語的定義在英語中,動詞短語是由動詞加介詞、副詞或其他詞構(gòu)成的固定詞組或習(xí)語,表達(dá)一種特定的含義,其作用和動詞差不多。有些動詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動詞,有些則相當(dāng)于不及物動詞。2.動詞短語的構(gòu)成一般情況下,動詞短語在結(jié)構(gòu)上主要有:動詞+介詞;動詞+副詞;動詞+副詞+介詞;動詞+名詞+介詞。(1)類型1:動詞+介詞“動詞+介詞"構(gòu)成的短語相當(dāng)于及物動詞,后面必須有賓語,且賓語只能位于介詞之后,這類介詞有at,for,after,from,into,of,on,to,with,about等。lookafter照顧,照看 lookfor尋找 lookat看 waitfor等待 takeafter與……相像 carefor 喜歡agreewith同意 thinkabout考慮 comefrom來自 sendfor 派人去請 dependon依靠 thinkof想起 hearfrom 收到……的來信 askfor請求,要求 breakinto破門而入 comeacross偶然碰到 laughat嘲笑 standfor代表 lookinto調(diào)查(2)類型2:動詞+副詞“動詞+副詞"構(gòu)成的短語既可以用作及物動詞,也可以用作不及物動詞。名詞做賓語時,可位于動詞與副詞之間或副詞之后。代詞做賓語時只能位于動詞與副詞之間,常見的副詞有:out,up,on,back,away,over,off等cheerup振奮起來 cleanup打掃干凈 giveup放棄 fixup修理 putup張貼;舉起;搭建 putoff推遲 takeaway拿走 turnon打開 turnoff關(guān)閉 turnup開大;調(diào)高 turndown調(diào)低;關(guān)?。痪芙^ turnout結(jié)果是 turnover翻轉(zhuǎn) bringup提出;撫養(yǎng) getup起床;站起 makeup編造 stayup熬夜 showup 出席;露面 pickup撿起;接電話 lookup查找;向上看 takeup學(xué)著做;開始做;占據(jù) getout出去 findout發(fā)現(xiàn)giveout=handout分發(fā) lookout注意;小心 putout撲滅 geton上車;進(jìn)展 tryon試穿keepon繼續(xù)(進(jìn)行) holdon等一等(別掛電話) puton穿上;上演;增加(體重) putaway把……收好 putdown寫下,記下 putout熄滅 putback放回原處 eatup吃光(3)類型3:動詞+副詞+介詞“動詞+副詞+介詞"構(gòu)成的短語,是動副短語和動介短語的合體,相當(dāng)于及物動詞,賓語放在介詞的后面。comeupwith想出 catchupwith趕上 lookforwardto期待,期望 runoutof耗盡,用盡getawayfrom脫身 getalongwith相處 goonwith繼續(xù) keepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離(4)類型4:動詞+名詞+介詞“動詞+名詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語只能用作及物動詞,名詞前可加形容詞說明程度,賓語位于介詞之后。Makefunof取笑 makeuseof利用 payattentionto注意 takecareof照顧 makefriendswith與……朋友 havealookat看一看 makesenseof理解,弄懂 takepartin參加二、特殊用法1.在“動詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的動詞短語中,副詞可以和后面做賓語的名詞進(jìn)行位置上的互換,但如果賓語是代詞,該賓語通常放在動詞和副詞之間。Ididwantaholidayabroad,butI’vegivenuptheidea.我確實(shí)想出國度假,但我已放棄了這個想法。2.在“動詞+介詞”和“動詞+副詞+介詞”型的動詞短語中,不論是名詞還是代詞做賓語都必須放在介詞的后面。Iagreewithwhatyousaid.我同意你說的。Heworkedhardtocatchupwithhisclassmates.他努力學(xué)習(xí)希望能趕上同班同學(xué)。二.動詞不定式一、基本用法1.動詞不定式的形式動詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動詞原形”,使用時有時可以不帶to,動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化,在句子中不能做謂語,to本身無意義,動詞不定式同其后的賓語構(gòu)成不定式短語。2.動詞不定式的否定形式動詞不定式的否定形式是在動詞不定式前面加not,即“not+動詞不定式”。3.動詞不定式的用法動詞不定式(短語)具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,在句中可以做主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。(1)動詞不定式(短語)做主語動詞不定式(短語)在句中做主語時,一般位于句首,相當(dāng)于名詞或代詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù),有時為了避免句子頭重腳輕,常用it做形式主語。Tolearnforeignlanguagesisveryuseful.學(xué)外語很有用。Ithinkit’snecessaryforustoreadalot.我認(rèn)為大量閱讀對我們有必要。(2)動詞不定式(短語)做表語動詞不定式(短語)做表語常表示主語的“職業(yè)、職責(zé)或性質(zhì)”等。從時間概念上說含有將來意義,常用于be動詞的后面。Mydutyistolookaftertheanimals.我的職責(zé)就是照看這些動物。(3)動詞不定式(短語)做賓語動詞不定式(短語)做賓語有兩種情況:一種是及物動詞后直接跟帶to的不定式,另—種是“及物動詞+疑問詞+帶to的不定式。”Ihopetoseeyoutomorrow.我希望明天見到你。注意其后常接動詞不定式做賓語的動詞有:想要,拒絕,忘記(want,refuse,forget)需要,努力,學(xué)習(xí)(need,try,learn)選擇,同意,幫助(choose,agree,help)希望,決定,開始(hope/wish/expect,decide,begin/start)(4)動詞不定式(短語)做賓語補(bǔ)足語常接動詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有:tell,ask,want,teach,allow,promise,order,advise,expect,wish,invite,encourage,make,warn,help等。Theyaskedhimtosingapopsongattheparty.他們請他在宴會上唱一首流行歌曲。(5)動詞不定式(短語)做定語動詞不定式(短語)做定語常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞,置于被修飾詞之后,即做后置定語。—Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?你想要些吃的嗎?—Yes,please.好的。注意動詞不定式(短語)做定語修飾名詞時,與其所修飾的名詞具有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,如果不定式中的動詞為不及物動詞,其后應(yīng)加上一個含義上所需要的介詞。Theoldmanhasnohousetolivein.這位老人沒有房子住。(6)動詞不定式(短語)做狀語動詞不定式(短語)做狀語往往表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、比較和獨(dú)立成分。表示原因和結(jié)果時不置于句首。①動詞不定式做目的狀語,可以放在句首,一般用逗號隔開,也可以放在句尾。Togetthereontime,theystartedearly.為了準(zhǔn)時趕到那兒,他們很早就出發(fā)了。②動詞不定式做結(jié)果狀語,常用在too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)中。Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.這個男孩太小,還不能照顧自己。③動詞不定式做原因狀語,常跟在做表語的形容詞后。I’mveryhappytoreceiveyourletter.很高興收到你的來信。二、特殊用法1.不定式(短語)做主語時,常用it代替它做形式主語,而將不定式放到后面,有三種情況:(1)Itis+名詞+todosth.It’sourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.保護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。(2)Ittakes/tooksb.+sometime+todosth.Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishyourhomework?你花了多長時間完成作業(yè)?(3)Itis+形容詞(easy/kind/important/diffcult/foolish/right/silly/nice…)+(for/ofsb.)+todosth.Itiscleverofyoutodothat.你那樣做很聰明。2.feel,find,make,think等動詞后如果是不定式做賓語,賓語補(bǔ)足語是形容詞或名詞,常用it做形式主語,把不定式后移。IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語很難。3.省略to的動詞不定式的四種情況。(1)在使役動詞have,make,let之后。Hismothermakeshimsweepthefloor.他媽媽讓他掃地。(2)在感官動詞(短語)feel,hear,see,watch,notice,listento,lookat之后。Didyounoticeherleavetheroom?她離開房間時你注意到了嗎?(3)help后的不定式可省略to,也可帶上to。Heoftenhelpsme(to)learnmaths.他經(jīng)常幫助我學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)。(4)在一些固定搭配中,如“hadbetterdosth.”,“Whynotdosth.?”,“wouldratherdosth.thandosth.”等。【鞏固練習(xí)】一.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Theteacheroftentellsusnot_____________(notsurf)theInternet.2.Comeon!Ihavesomethingimportantto_____________(tell)you.3.Ihaven’tdecidedwhento_____________(take)aholidayyet.4.To_____________(be)healthy,weshouldeatmorevegetablesandfruits.5.Myjobisto_____________(study)hard.6.Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine_____________(reduce)thewasteofwaterinthebathroom.7.Lastyear,shedecided_____________(try)outforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.8.Wouldyoulike_____________(go)andhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?9.Shehopes_____________(be)avolunteerduringthissummervacation.10.Pleasepromise_____________(nottell)liesanymore,willyou?二.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換,每空一詞1.Theboytakesafterhismother.Theboy____________________________________hismother.2.CanyoucomeupwithagoodwaytolearnEnglishwell?Canyou________________________agoodwaytolearnEnglishwell?3.Wecanrepairyourwatchatonce.Wecan________________________yourwatchatonce.4.Wewanttomakethegirlhappy.Wewantto________________________thegirl.5.Canyougiveouttheexercise-booksforme?Canyou________________________theexercise-booksforme?三.根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子,每空一詞1.最后,她終于想出了一個好主意。She____________________________________agoodideaatlast.2.她愿意幫助我擺脫困境。Shewouldliketo____________________________________.3.我期待著我的筆友能盡快來信。I’m____________________________________hearingfrommypenpalassoonaspossible.4.會后他們不得不打掃房間。Theyhadto________________________theroomafterthemeeting.5.我的錢用完了,你能借給我一些嗎?I’ve____________________________________mymoney.Canyoulendmesome?四.用單詞或短語的適當(dāng)形式完成短文Tom1.___________(volunteer)inanoldpeople’shomelastsummer.Hedidsomethings2.___________(help)theoldpeople.Forexample,hehelped3.___________(cleanup)theirhouses.Healsofixedupthe4.___________(break)chairsand5.___________(read)thenewspapertotheoldpeople.Theytoldhimstoriesaboutthepastandhowthings6.___________(useto)be.Helenismakingsomeplans7.___________(raise)somemoneyfortheoldpeople’shome.Shethinksit’s8.___________(interest)tohelptheoldpeople.Today,alotofoldpeoplearevery9.___________(lonely).Weshouldlistentothemandcareforthem,becausewe’reallgoingtobeoldoneday,too.一.根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語提示寫出所缺的單詞1.ThetrainjfromHangzhoutoShanghaitakesabout40minutes.

2.LiuMeioftenworksasavolunteertoupthesickpeopleinthehospital.(使振作起來)3.Ikeptthinkingabouttheaccidentandwokeupstimesduringthenight.

4.Dogsarereadytohelpandsavetheir(主人).

5.Hehasfewfriendstotalkwith,soheoftenfeelslandhelpless.6.Thegovernmentrecruited(招募)thousandsofcollegestudentsasvfortheHangzhouAsianGames.7.Youshouldpaymoreattentiontotrafficsalongtheroadwhiledriving.

8.WhenIhelpothers,Ialwaysgetsuchastrongfeelingofs.

9.Theelephantissosthatitcancarryveryheavythings.

10.Theyplantormoneytohelpthehomelesspeopleinthecity.

二.單項選擇11.Mr.Wangaskedmetothepapersasquicklyaspossible.A.giveinB.giveoutC.giveupD.giveoff12.MygrandfatherusedtoTVathomeafterdinner,butnowheisusedtooutforawalk.

A.watch;goB.watch;goingC.watching;go13.Idon’thaveanyclosefriendshere.Ifeelfromtimetotime.A.aloneB.happyC.lonelyD.proud14.—Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?—Iamgoingtovisitthesickkidsinthehospitalandthemasavolunteer.

A.wake;upB.cheer;upC.give;upD.pick;up15.Wehavetothesportsmeetingbecauseofthebadweather.

A.turnoffB.putoffC.takeoffD.getoff三.根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子16.瑪麗在感到孤獨(dú)時習(xí)慣聽音樂。Marylikestolisteningtomusicwhenshe.

17.請幫我把這些練習(xí)冊發(fā)下去。Pleasehelpmetheseexercisebooks.

18.去年,她決定參加一個課后志愿者閱讀項目的選拔。Lastyear,shedecidedtoforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.

19.昨天我想出了一個慶祝爸爸生日的好辦法。Yesterday,Iagoodideatocelebratemyfather’sbirthday.

20.我們應(yīng)該照顧老人。Weshouldtheoldpeople.

四.按要求完成句子,每空一詞21.Pleasetellmewherewecanputourmobilephones.(改為同義句)Pleasetellmeputourmobilephones.

22.Shethoughtofgreatideastoraisemoneyintheend.(改為同義句)Shethoughtofgreatideastoraisemoney.

23.Theboyspenthalfanhourfinishinghishomeworkyesterday.(改為同義句)Ittheboyhalfanhourfinishhishomeworkyesterday.

24.Thissignsays“NoParking”.(對畫線部分提問)

doesthissign?

25.IhelptotakecareofmygrandmotheronSundays.(改為同義句)

IhelptomygrandmotheronSundays.五.語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,或填入括號中所給單詞的正確形式。Youdon’tneedtowaituntilyou’reanadulttotakepartincommunityservice.Youcandevelopgoodhabitsnow.Communityserviceisagreatwaytomake26differenceinyourneighborhood.Youcanalsoenjoy27(spend)timewithfriendsandmeetingnewpeople.Herearesomeideasforyoutostart28(quick).

Doyouplayaninstrumentorlovetodraw?Offertogivefreeconcertsataseniorcenterorspreadyourloveofartbygiving29(lesson)toyoungerchildren.Youcanneverimagine30happyyouwillbeafterthat.

Doyoulivenearapublicpark?Youcanvolunteer31(plant)orcleanupthepark.You’llbringpleasure32everyonewhousesthepark.

Doyouknowanysickordisabledpeopleinyourneighborhood?Offertodoyardworkfor33(they).Sweepthefloorand34(do)thedishes.Orjuststopbyforafriendlyvisitwithsomefood.

Doesyourschoolencourageabuddy(伙伴)system?Youcansetupbuddysystemswhichconnectolderchildrenwith35(young)ones.Buddiesoftenspendtimetogetherreadingbooks.Helpingayoungpersongrowintoasmartreaderisagiftthatkeepsongiving.

第03講Unit2I'llhelptocleanupthecityparks.SectionA模塊一單詞預(yù)習(xí)模塊二課文預(yù)習(xí)模塊三考點(diǎn)精講精練模塊四語法精講精練模塊五小試牛刀過關(guān)測1.預(yù)習(xí)SectionA新單詞2.預(yù)習(xí)SectionA新課文3.掌握SectionA核心考點(diǎn)4.掌握語法動詞短語和動詞不定式cleanup打掃(或清除)干凈cheer[t???/,/t??r]v.歡呼;喝彩cheerup(使)變得更高興;振奮起來giveout分發(fā);散發(fā)volunteer[v?l?n't??/,/vɑ:l?n't?r/]v.義務(wù)做;自愿做n.志愿者comeupwith想出;提出(主意、計劃、回答等)putoff推遲sign[sa?n/]n.標(biāo)志;信號notice['n??t?s/]n.通知;通告;注意v.注意到;意識到handout分發(fā)callup打電話給(某人);征召usedto曾經(jīng);過去lonely['l??nli/]adj.孤獨(dú)的;寂寞的carefor照顧;非常喜歡several['sevr?l/]pron.幾個;數(shù)個;一些strong[str??/,/str?:?/]adj.強(qiáng)烈的;強(qiáng)壯的feeling['fi:l??]n.感覺;感觸satisfaction[s?t?s'f?k?n/]n.滿足;滿意joy[d???/]n.高興;愉快owner['??n?(r)/]n.物主;主人tryout參加選拔;試用journey['d??:(r)ni/]n.(尤指長途)旅行;行程raise[re?z/]v.募集;征集alone[?'l??n/]adv.獨(dú)自;單獨(dú)SectionA2dHelen:Hi,Tom.I'mmaking(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時)someplanstoworkinanoldpeople'shomethissummer.Tom:Really?Ididthatlastsummer!Helen:Oh,whatdidtheyaskyoutohelpoutwith(幫忙做……)?Tom:Mm...thingslikereadingthenewspapertotheoldpeople,orjusttalkingtothem.Theytoldmestories(講故事)aboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.Helen:Thatsounds(表示”聽起來“,后接形容詞)interesting.Tom:Yeah,alotofoldpeoplearelonely(孤獨(dú)的)區(qū)分alone表示”單獨(dú)的“.Weshouldlistentothemandcareforthem.Helen:You'reright.Imean,we'reallgoingtobeoldoneday,too.SectionA3aStudentsWhoVolunteerMarioGreenandMaryBrownfromRiversideHighSchoolgiveupseveralhourseachweektohelpothers.Mariolovesanimalsandwantstobeananimaldoctor(動物醫(yī)生,也可用vet).Hevolunteers/?v?l?n?t??(r)/(v.自愿)atananimalhospitaleverySaturdaymorning.Mariobelievesitcanhelphimtogethisfuturedreamjob.“It'shardwork,”hesays,“butIwanttolearnmoreabouthowtocareforanimals.Igetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfaction(滿足感)whenIseetheanimalsgetbetterandthelook(n.)ofjoyontheirowners’faces.”Maryisabooklover.Shecouldreadbyherself(”自己閱讀“,反身代詞oneself可以起到強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用)attheageoffour.Lastyear,shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.Shestillworksthereonceaweektohelpkidslearntoread.“Thekidsaresittinginthelibrary,butyoucanseeintheireyesthatthey'regoingonadifferentjourneywitheachnewbook.Volunteering(動名詞做主語,”志愿者活動“)hereisadreamcometrueforme.IcandowhatIlovetodoandhelpothersatthesametime.”考點(diǎn)1.could的用法用法分析could是情態(tài)動詞can的過去式。在此句中could并不表示過去,只是表示委婉、客氣的語氣。一般疑問句的肯定答語用Sure./Certainly./Allright.等;否定答語用Sorry./Sorry,Ican’t.等。你可以嘗試自己做早飯。Youcouldtrycookingbreakfastyourself.考點(diǎn)拓展could的其他用法:(1)表示要求或請求。Couldyoupleasetellmehowtogetthere?你能告訴我如何到那兒嗎?(2)表示能力,此時是can的過去式。HecouldspeakEnglishwhenhewasfour.他四歲時就可以說英語。—It’stoohot.___D___Iswiminthelake?—No,you______.That’stoodangerous!A.Should;can’t B.Need;mustn’t C.Must;needn’t D.Could;can’t考點(diǎn)2.cleanup的用法用法分析cleanup意為“打掃干凈”,是由“動詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的短語。名詞做其賓語時,可放在副詞前,也可放在副詞后;代詞做其賓語時,只能放在動詞和副詞之間。教室很臟。請打掃一下。Theclassroomisdirty.Pleasecleanitup.注意如果在clean和up中間加上連詞符,它就是名詞,表示“掃除”。你必須對房間進(jìn)行徹底打掃。Youmustgiveyourroomagoodclean-up.根據(jù)所給提示完成句子BythetimeIjoinedGreenerGroup,they___hadvolunteeredtoclean(up)thelibrary/libraries___(義務(wù)打掃圖書館)for2years.(volunteer)考點(diǎn)3.cheerup的用法用法分析cheerup意為"(使)變得高興;振奮起來",屬于“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu),接代詞it/them時要放在cheerup中間;接名詞時放后面、中間都可以。這個好消息使我們高興了起來。Thegoodnewscheeredusup.【知識拓展】(1)cheer作不及物動詞,意為"歡呼;喝彩"。Thegirlscheeredasthefamoussingerarrived.當(dāng)這位著名的歌手到達(dá)時,女孩子們?yōu)橹畾g呼。(2)cheer作及物動詞,意為"為……歡呼,高呼"。Thewholevillageturnedouttocheerthehero.全村人都出來向那位英雄歡呼。(3)cheer作可數(shù)名詞,意為"歡呼聲;喝彩聲"。常用口語:Cheers!干杯!Wecanhearthecheersofstudentsoutsidethegym.我們在體育場外就能聽到學(xué)生的歡呼聲。1.—LittleJennylooksunhappytoday.—Don’tworry.Aboxofchocolateswill___C___her______.Agive;up B.wake;up C.cheer;up D.pick;up2.Let’s______B_______Xiaodong.Heisverysadbecauseofhislostpetcat.A.setup B.cheerup C.putup考點(diǎn)4.giveout的用法用法分析giveout意為“分發(fā);發(fā)放;發(fā)布”,相當(dāng)于handout,屬于“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu),故接代詞it/them時要放在giveout中間;接名詞時放后面、中間都可以。請在課前發(fā)考試卷。Pleasegiveouttheexampapersbeforeclass.這些故事書很有趣。請把它們分給孩子們。Thesestory-booksareinteresting.Pleasegivethemouttothechildren.考點(diǎn)拓展(1)giveout還可意為"用完;耗盡",為不及物動詞短語,主語是被用光、耗盡之物。Ourfoodwillgiveout.我們的食物要吃完了。(2)giveout意為"發(fā)出(光、熱等)"時,與giveoff同義。Theflowersinmygardengiveout/offasweetsmell.我花園里的花散發(fā)出芬芳的味道。(3)giveout意為"筋疲力盡"。Thehorsegaveout.馬跑不動了。IwillgiveaT-shirt___B___mybrotherasabirthdaypresent.A.by B.to C.from考點(diǎn)5.notice的用法用法分析notice為可數(shù)名詞,意為“公告牌;通告;布告”。墻上有些通告。Therearesomenoticesonthewall.考點(diǎn)拓展notice做動詞,意為“注意到;察覺到”。常用結(jié)構(gòu)如下:(1)noticesb.dosth.注意到某人做了某事,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成。Inoticedhimleavetheschool.我注意到他離開學(xué)校了。(2)noticesb.doingsth.注意到某人正在做某事,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行。InoticeMr.Wangenteringhisoffice.我注意到王先生正在走進(jìn)辦公室。(3)benoticedtodosth.被注意到做了某事(被動語態(tài))。Shewasnoticedtoentertheoffice.有人看見她走進(jìn)辦公室了。(4)noticesth.done注意到某事被做。Inoticedtheglassbroken.我注意到玻璃杯被弄碎了??键c(diǎn)6.comeupwith的用法用法分析comeupwith(針對問題、方法等)提出或想出(主意等),相當(dāng)于thinkup。我想出了一個計劃,我認(rèn)為能行得通。IhavecomeupwithaplanandIthinkitwillwork.這個聰明的男孩通常能提出一些好主意。Thecleverboyusuallycomesupwithsomegoodideas.考點(diǎn)拓展與come相關(guān)的短語:comefrom來自comeupto達(dá)到comeout出來,出版comeon加油ThegovernmentofChina___A___theideaofABeltandARoadin2013.A.cameupwith B.cheeredup C.putup考點(diǎn)6.helpout的用法用法分析helpout意為“幫助解決困難”,是動副短語,out為副詞,代詞做賓語時要放在out之前。我生病時他分擔(dān)了我的工作。HehelpedmeoutwhenIwasill.根據(jù)所給提示完成句子—Isthereanyoneyouadmireinyourlife?—Well,I___lookuptothepoliceman/policewomanwho(has)helpedmeoutoftrouble/getoutoftrouble___(崇敬那位幫我擺脫困境的警察).(look)考點(diǎn)7.lonely的用法用法分析lonely為形容詞,意為“孤獨(dú)的;寂寞的”。她常感到寂寞。Sheoftenfeelslonely.【易混辨析】lonely與alonelonely孤獨(dú)的;寂寞的;偏僻的形容詞(adj.)定語或表語alone獨(dú)自;單獨(dú)形容詞(adj.)或副詞(adv.)作形容詞時,只能作表語Theoldmanlivesinalonelytown.Hehasnochildrenandheisalone.Helivesalone,butdoesn’tfeellonely.這位老人住在偏僻的鎮(zhèn)上,他沒有孩子,是個單身漢。他獨(dú)自一人住著,但他并不感到孤獨(dú)。1.Itisveryrelaxingtolistentolightmusicbyoneself.(同義替換)___C___A.together B.lonely C.alone D.again2,Whenyoufeelhelplessand_____________,justrememberyouarenot_____________intheworldbecauseyourfriendsar

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