中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法知識第12節(jié)句子課件

中考語法知識第十二節(jié)句子廣東省卷近4年中考統(tǒng)計(※語法選擇◆完形填空★短文填空)考點2020年2021年2022年2023年賓語從句※why※what★what※how※why★what定語從句————感嘆句———※How廣東省卷近4年中考統(tǒng)計(※語法選擇◆完形填空★短文填空)命題趨向從近4年廣東中考的情況來看，賓語從句是必考題，基本每年均考查一道賓語從句題(2021年和2023年出現(xiàn)了兩題)?？疾樾问街饕幸韵?個方面：①引導(dǎo)詞＋語序；②時態(tài)＋語序；

③引導(dǎo)詞；④引導(dǎo)詞＋時態(tài)。中考說明近4年的廣東中考英語主要考查了句子的種類、并列句和復(fù)合句，考查的內(nèi)容包含很多，

如基本句型、賓語從句、狀語從句和定語從句等?？键c一：句子的分類一、按用途分類句子按使用目的可分為四類：陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。類別用法結(jié)構(gòu)例句陳述句用于陳述事實或觀點陳述語序肯定句：主語＋系動詞be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋謂語/表語＋其他．Sheisnice.否定句：主語＋系動詞be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋not＋謂語/表語＋其他．Sheisn’tnice.類別用法結(jié)構(gòu)例句陳述句用于陳述事實或觀點倒裝語序so＋系動詞be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語．—Lilyisnice.—SoisMary.(主語不同，

用倒裝)—Sheisnice.—Sosheis.(主語相同，

表認(rèn)可)neither/nor＋系動詞be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語．Sheisn’tbad,neitherishe.Here/There＋謂語＋主語(名詞).Herearesomeapplesforyou.類別用法結(jié)構(gòu)例句疑問句一般疑問句用于提出問題的句子系動詞be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語＋謂語/表語＋其他？—Isshenice?—Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.選擇疑問句提供兩種或以上的情況供對方選擇一般疑問句＋or＋供選擇的部分？—Issheniceorbad?—Sheisnice.特殊疑問句用于詢問某一具體內(nèi)容疑問詞(5個W和1個H)＋一般疑問句？—Whoisnice?—Sheisnice.類別用法結(jié)構(gòu)例句疑問句反意疑問句附于陳述句之后，

對所敘述的事實提出相反的疑問一般陳述句＋附加問句？(前肯后否)—Sheisnice,isn’tshe?—Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.否定陳述句(包括含no,never,nothing,hardly,few,little,none,seldom等表否定意義的詞)＋附加問句？(前否后肯)—Sheisn’tnice,isshe?—Yes,sheis.(不，

她人很好。)—No,sheisn’t.(是的，

她人不好。)類別用法結(jié)構(gòu)例句疑問句反意疑問句附于陳述句之后，

對所敘述的事實提出相反的疑問Therebe句型＋附加問句(there作主語)？—Thereisagirlintheroom,isn’tthere?—Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.祈使句(無主語)＋willyou/won’tyou？(前肯后否，

前否后肯)—Beanicegirl,won’tyou?—Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.類別用法結(jié)構(gòu)例句疑問句反意疑問句附于陳述句之后，

對所敘述的事實提出相反的疑問Let’s/Letus＋動詞原形＋其他＋shallwe/willyou？—Let’sgoswimming,shallwe?—Goodidea./Sorry,Ican’t.I/Wethink/believe/suppose/expect＋從句＋附加問句(主謂與從句的一致)？—Ithinkshe’sanicegirl,isn’tshe？/Idon’tthinkshe’sanicegirl,isshe?—Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.現(xiàn)在完成時句子＋has(hasn’t)/have(haven’t)＋主語？—Shehasbeenanicegirl,hasn’tshe?—Yes,shehas.類別用法結(jié)構(gòu)例句祈使句用于表達請求、命令等語氣肯定句：動詞原形＋表語/賓語！Beanicegirl！否定句：Don’t＋動詞原形＋表語/賓語！Don’tbeabadgirl！感嘆句用于表達強烈情感How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語＋其他！Hownicesheis！What(a/an)＋形容詞＋名詞＋主語＋謂語＋其他！Whatanicegirlsheis！二、按結(jié)構(gòu)分類句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可分為三類：簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。類別定義結(jié)構(gòu)例句簡單句由一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)組成的句子主語＋系動詞＋表語．Shelookssad.主語＋不及物動詞．Sheleft.主語＋及物動詞＋賓語．Sheleftherbaghere.主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語．Sheleftmeabag.主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋補語．Sheaskedmetodoit.therebe句型Thereisabookonthetable.類別定義結(jié)構(gòu)例句并列句由兩個或兩個以上分句組成的句子簡單句＋并列連詞(and/notonly…butalso…/both…and…/aswellas/neither…nor…)＋簡單句SheleftandIstayed.簡單句＋轉(zhuǎn)折連詞

(but/however/while/yet)＋簡單句Sheleft,butIstayed.簡單句＋選擇連詞(or/either…or…)＋簡單句Sheleft,orIleft.簡單句＋因果連詞(so/for)＋簡單句Sheleft,soIstayed.類別定義結(jié)構(gòu)例句復(fù)合句賓語從句連接詞(when/where/who/what/whether/if/why/how/that)＋主語＋謂語Shesaidthatshewouldleave.定語從句關(guān)系詞(who/whom/whose/when/where/which/that)＋主語＋謂語SheleftforBeijingwhichisthecapitalofChina.類別定義結(jié)構(gòu)例句復(fù)合句狀語從句時間狀語從句：連接詞(when/while/as/before/after/until/assoonas)＋主語＋謂語SheleftassoonasIarrived.條件狀語從句：連接詞(if/unless)＋主語＋謂語Shewon’tleaveunlessIarrive.原因狀語從句：連接詞(because/since/as)＋主語＋謂語Sheleftbecauseitwasasadplace.類別定義結(jié)構(gòu)例句復(fù)合句狀語從句讓步狀語從句：連接詞(though/although)＋主語＋謂語Sheleftthougheveryoneaskedhertostay.目的狀語從句：連接詞(sothat/inorderthat)＋主語＋謂語Sheleftsothatshecouldhaveanewlife.結(jié)果狀語從句：連接詞(so…that/such…that)＋主語＋謂語Sheleftsoearlythatshecaughtthefirstbus.比較狀語從句：連接詞(than/as…as…)＋主語＋謂語SheleftearlierthanIdid.【針對練習(xí)】(

)1．(2023錦州，2)—________goodadviceitis!I’msuretohaveawonderfulsummervacation.—I’msogladthatyoulikeit.A．How B．WhataC．What D．WhatanC

(

)2．(2023北京，5)—________doyoutidyyourownroom?—Twiceaweek.A．Howoften B．HowsoonC．Howmuch D．HowlongA

(

)3．—Itisreportedthatcancercanbecontrolledatatemperaturelowerthan110℃belowzero.—Really？________nicesurprise!A．How B．WhatC．Whata D．WhatanC

(

)4．Tommy,________playbasketballinthestreetnexttime.Youmaygethitbyacar.A．do B．don’tC．not D．doesn’t(

)5．—________Itakephotoshere?—Sorry,youcan’t.It’snotallowedinthemuseum.A．Must B．NeedC．Can D．WillB

C

考點二：賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句一、賓語從句在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫作賓語從句。(一)引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞例句陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，

用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，

在口語或非正式文體中常省略Myteachersaid(that)Iwasagoodboy.賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞例句當(dāng)一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，

用if或whether引導(dǎo)，

意為“是否”Idon’tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，

只需用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing？(二)賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序類別引導(dǎo)詞語序例句陳述句that不發(fā)生變化Ithinkthatwecanbegoodfriends.一般疑問句if/whether改為陳述語序Ican’trememberif/whetherIpostedtheletter.特殊疑問句wh-疑問詞(不作主語時)改為陳述語序HeaskedwhatourEnglishteacherlookedlike.(三)賓語從句與主句的時態(tài)要相互呼應(yīng)時態(tài)例句如果主句的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時，

賓語從句可根據(jù)實際情況靈活運用各種時態(tài)Iwonderifyouareright.如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，

賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)HetoldmethathewouldgotoBeijing.從句陳述的是一般真理、客觀事實、自然現(xiàn)象、名言時，

賓語從句仍用現(xiàn)在時Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.【針對練習(xí)】(

)1．(2023荊州，7)—Couldyoutellus________wecanstartaconversationwithaforeigner?—Talkingaboutweatherisacommonway.A．when B．whyC．where D．howD

(

)2．(2023陜西A卷，8)Whenyoufirstbecamedeafandblind,youhadahardtimeshowingpeople________.A．whatdoyouwant B．whatyouwantC．whatdidyouwant D．whatyouwantedD

(

)3．—Doyouknow________yesterday?—Yes.Hewentfortheboatrace.A．whydidn’tPetergotoschool B．whydoesn’tPetergotoschoolC．whyPeterdidn’tgotoschool D．whyPeterdoesn’tgotoschoolC

(

)4．—Iwonder________.—ItwillfallonaSaturday.A．howwillNationalDayfallonthisyear B．howNationalDaywillfallonthisyearC．whatdaywillNationalDayfallonthisyear D．whatdayNationalDaywillfallonthisyearD

二、狀語從句在主從復(fù)合句中，用來修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞或副詞等而充當(dāng)狀語的從句叫作狀語從句。狀語從句分時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、比較和方式等幾種類型。具體見下表：序號類別從屬連詞例句1時間狀語從句when,while,as,before,after,since,till/until,assoonas等Whenweweredancing,abeggarcamein.Theywerewashingclotheswhilewewerereadingmagazines.2地點狀語從句where,whereverJohnfoundhisvisawherehelostit.Wecangowhereverwewouldliketogointhesummerholiday.序號類別從屬連詞例句3原因狀語從句because,since,as,forIdidn’tgoabroadwithherbecauseIcouldn’taffordit.4條件狀語從句if,unless,aslongasYou’llpasstheexamifyoustudyhard.You’llbelateunlessyouhurry.序號類別從屬連詞例句5目的狀語從句sothat,inorderthat,incaseHeputawaytheknifesothathischildcouldn’treachit.Takeyourumbrellaincaseitrains.6結(jié)果狀語從句so…that…,such…that…Shespokesofastthatnobodycouldcatchwhatshewassaying.序號類別從屬連詞例句7讓步狀語從句though,although,evenif/though等Thoughshe’sveryyoung,sheknowsquitealot.8比較狀語從句as…as…,notas/so…as…,thanWewereasluckyastheywere.9方式狀語從句as,asif/thoughTheylookasiftheyknoweachother.注意：狀語從句可位于主句之前，

用逗號與其隔開，

也可位于主句之后?！踞槍毩?xí)】(

)1．Johnsonwon’tansweryourquestionifhe________theanswer.A．knew B．doesn’tknow C．willknow D．didn’tknowB

(

)2．Thenursewon’tleaveherpatients________she’ssuretheyarealltakengoodcareof.A．unless B．because C．since D．if(

)3．—Whywereyoulateforschoolthismorning,Tom?—Iwasabouttogotoschool________itbegantorain.A．since B．while C．a(chǎn)s D．whenA

D

(

)4．Couldyouhelpmewithhousework________youarefreetoday?A．since B．though C．unless D．until(

)5．Theyspoke________quietly________Icouldhardlyhearthem.A．such;that B．so;that C．neither;nor D．both;andA

B

三、定語從句在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語從句。(一)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞及其功能

關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語、賓語Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourfather？whom,which和that在從句中作賓語時，

?？梢允÷?。

但介詞提前時，關(guān)系代詞不能省略，

也不可以用thatwhom人賓語Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.

關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞whose人/物定語Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.whom,which和that在從句中作賓語時，

常可以省略。

但介詞提前時，關(guān)系代詞不能省略，

也不可以用thatthat人/物主語、賓語Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞which物主語、賓語ThebookwhichIgaveyouwasworth$10．whom,which和that在從句中作賓語時，

?？梢允÷?。

但介詞提前時，關(guān)系代詞不能省略，

也不可以用thatas人/物主語、賓語Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.as作賓語一般不省略

關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系副詞when時間名詞時間狀語Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhich替代where地點名詞地點狀語ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhich替代whyReason原因狀語Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich替代(二)that與which,who和whom的用法區(qū)別情形用法說明例句只用that的情況先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代詞時Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.先行詞被形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.情形用法說明例句只用that的情況先行詞既指人又指物時Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwemetduringthetrip.先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.句中已經(jīng)有who或which,為了避免重復(fù)時Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech？情形用法說明例句只用which,who,whom的情況在非限制性定語從句中，

只能用which指代物，

用who/whom指人Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.在由“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，

只能用which指物，whom指人Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.先行詞本身是that時，

關(guān)系詞用which；先行詞為those,one或he時，關(guān)系詞多用whoThosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers,too.【針對練習(xí)】(

)1．(2023十堰，9)Iwillremembertheimportantpeople________helpedandsupportedmeinmylife.A．which B．whoseC．whom D．whoD

(

)2．(2023營口，3)TheAerospaceSquare________wascompletedlastyearhasbecomeanewtouristattraction.A．which B．whoC．whom D．whereA

(

)3．Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcityinthepasttenyears.Everything________comesintosightissonewtome.A．that B．whichC．who D．whomA

(

)4．I’llneverforgettheplace________wevisitedtogetherlastyear.A．which B．whatC．who D．whomA

一、單項選擇(

)1．________beautifullylittleSimondancesinfrontofthecamera!A．What B．WhataC．How D．HowaC

(

)2．—Look！Thekidsareplayingontheplayground.—________greattimetheyarehaving!A．What B．HowC．Whata D．Howa(

)3．—MustIhandinthehomeworkrightnow?—________.That’stherule.A．Yes,youmust B．No,youcan’tC．Yes,youcan D．No,youmustn’tC

A

(

)4．—Moreandmorepeopleprefertowalkratherthanrideincars.—________.Walkingisgoodforhealth.A．Sotheyare B．SoaretheyC．Sodothey D．SotheydoD

(

)5．—It________snowytomorrow.Wecanmakeasnowman.—Soundsgreat.A．is B．willbeC．a(chǎn)re D．willhaveB

(

)6．—Mike，yourfirstDragonBoatFestivalinChinaiscoming.Shallwecelebrateittogether?—I’dloveto,butcouldyoutellme________?A．whatisthemeaningofthefestival B．wherewouldwehavethecelebrationC．howyouusuallycelebratethefestival D．whenisthisyear’sDragonBoatFestivalC

(

)7．—Dearfriends,doyoustillremember________threeyearsago?—Torealizeourdream!A．whyyoucamehere B．whydidyoucomehereC．howyoucamehere D．whyyoucomehereA

(

)8．—Idon’tknow________duringthesummervacation.Doyouhaveanyadvice?—HowaboutvisitingBeijingInternationalHorticulturalExpo(北京國際園藝博覽會)?A．whatshouldIdo B．whenshouldIgoC．whatIshoulddo D．whenIshouldgoC

(

)9．—Excuseme,whereisthenearesthotel?—Justgodownthisstreet________youseealibrary.It’sacrossfromit.A．because B．untilC．unless D．thoughB

(

)10．—DoyouknowAbing?—Ofcourse.Heisafolkmusicianwithlotsoftalent________wasborninthecityofWuxiin1893.A．which B．whoC．whom D．w