遼寧省2024屆高三下學(xué)期高考扣題卷（一）英語試題

遼寧省2024屆高三下學(xué)期高考扣（一）英語試題姓名：__________班級：__________考號：__________題號一二三四五總分評分一、閱讀，第一節(jié)，閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀理解Gene-editedFoods:YesorNo?Gene-editedfoodscouldsoonbehittingsupermarketshelvesintheUKasthegovernmentannouncedplanstoallowgene-editedfoodstobesoldunlabeledinBritishsupermarkets,promotinganoutcryfromsomeconsumerswhoclaimthey"shouldbegivenachoice".GEfoodsareproducedusingthegene-editingtoolCRISPR,whicheditstheexistingDNAofaplantoranimal.Unlikegeneticallymodifiedfood,gene-editedfoodcontainsno"foreign"DNAfromotherspecies.Scientistsuseaspecializedproteintomaketinychangestotheorganism'sDNAthatcouldoccurnaturallyorthroughselectivebreeding.EnvironmentSecretaryGeorgeEusticeinsistedthatGEproductswouldnotneedtobeadvertisedassuchbecausetheyare"fundamentallynatural".However,ScotlandandWalesbothvowedtorejectthemove,andBritain'sbiggestsupermarketshavesofarrefusedtoconfirmiftheywillstockthefoods.Nowlet'stakeacloserlookatsomeoftheGEfoodsthatcouldbeonshelvesintheUKasearlyasnextyear.VitaminD-boostedtomatoesTomatoeshavebeengeneticallyengineeredtoproducemorevitaminD.Researchersclaimthatthe"super"fruitscouldhelpreducetheriskofdevelopingdiseasessuchascancer,Parkinson'sdiseaseanddementia(癡呆).Mushroomsthatdon'tgobrownAvarietyofwhitebuttonmushroomhasbeengeneticallyeditedsothatitdoesn'tgobrownwhensliced.TheresearchersusedCRISPRtoremoveasmallpieceofonegenethatcausesmushroombrowning.Thusitcanstayonsupermarketshelvesforlonger,reducingfoodwaste.BreadthatreducescancerriskfromburnttoastAcrylamide(丙烯酰胺),asubstancethatcancausecancer,iscreatedwhenbreadisbakedortoasted.Researchershaveeditedthegenome(基因組)ofwheattoreduceitsproductionofthecancer-causingchemical.ChickensresistanttobirdfluResearchershaveusedgene-editingtechniquestogrowchickencellsthatareunabletoreplicatethebirdfluvirusinalab.TheyeditedasectionofchickenDNAtomakeitresistanttothevirus.1．WhatcanbeknownaboutGEfoods?A．TheyedittheirownexistingDNA.B．TheyhaveforeignDNAfromotherspecies.C．Theyarecompletelyasnaturalasordinaryfoods.D．Theyareexactlythesameasgeneticallymodifiedfoods.2．What'stherightattitudetowardGEfoods?A．TheUKgovernmentsupportsGEfoods.B．GeorgeEusticeisagainstGEfoods.C．SomeconsumersobjecttoGEfoodsbeingsold.D．Britain'sbiggestsupermarketswelcomeGEfoods.3．AllofthefollowingcanhelpreducethediseaseEXCEPT____.A．vitaminD-boostedtomatoes'B．mushroomsthatdon'tgobrownC．breadthatreducescancerriskfromburnttoastD．chickensresistanttobirdflu閱讀理解Aschoolgirlhascreatedasolar-poweredbackpackthatfiltersoutairpollutionafterbeinginspiredbyherasthmatic(患哮喘病的)mother.EleanorWoods,12,fromHighBurton,Huddersfield,atowninWestYorkshire,northernEngland,enteredthe"BackpacktotheFuture"competitionafterhermotherputtheapplicationforminherroom.Shewentontowintheawardforherinnovativebag.The"Backpacktothefuture"competitionwaslaunchedtochangeperceptions(認(rèn)知),encouragemorediversitywithinengineeringandtoshowchildrenhowtheycouldcombineaninterestinfashionwithacareerinscience,technology,engineeringormath.Poweredbygreenenergyfromsolarpowerandadynamo—amachinethatconvertsmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy—thebackpackfilterspollutedairbeforefanningoutcleanerairnearby."Ihaveanairfilterathomebecausemymumhasmildasthma.MyBreatheBetterBackpackisallaboutkeepingmyfriends,familyandclassmatessafeusinganairfilter.Itlookscoolandwillhelpgetkidsoutsideandfightoffcolds,"Eleanorsaid."Thefirstthingthatcametomindisthatblueisoneofmyfavoritecolorsandbluefeelscleanandthebubblesontheoutsidehaveacleanthemeforbreathing."ThepandemicspurredonEleanor'sawarenessofhowpollutionaffectsaperson'shealthandthespreadofdiseases.Spendingalotoftimewithherasthmaticmumoverseverallockdownsgavethe12-year-oldfoodforthought.Theschoolgirladded:"Mygenerationisreallyawareofpollution,andwehavelessonsonitatschoolalongwithdiseasesspreading,andthisisanotherreasonIdesignedthis,becauseitisgettingmuchworse."Theyoungdesignersaidsheisbecomingincreasinglyawareofthepollutionthatsurroundsher,asshelivesonamainroad.Eleanorsaid:"Iwalktoschool,nexttotheroad,andcantastethepetrolwhenbusescomethrough."Speakingafterwinningthecompetition,Eleanorsaidtheimpactofherbackpackwillbefar-reaching."Ifjustafewpeoplestartusingit,itcouldbereallygoodfortheplanet,"shesaid.4．Whatwasthe"Backpacktothefuture"competitionaimedat?A．Arousingcuriosityinfashion.B．Increasinginterestinengineering.C．Raisingenvironmentalawareness.D．Bondinginterestwithscientificpractice.5．Whatdoesthefourthparagraphimply?A．Thebackpackiseasytocarry.B．Thebackpackisbluewithbubbles.C．Thebackpackissafeforkidsindoors.D．Thebackpackisonlypoweredbysolarenergy.6．WhatisthefeatureofEleanorWoods'innovativebag?A．Itisfashionable. B．Itdoesgoodtohealth.C．Itisenergy-saving. D．Itdoesharmtoenvironment.7．WhichworddescribesEleanorWoods?A．Creative. B．Generous. C．Active D．Adventurous.閱讀理解Peoplewhokeepchickensaspetsorbarnyardanimalstendtobequitepassionateaboutthem.Similartothosewhokeepcatsanddogsasanimalfriends,chickenownerslovetospoiltheirlittleones.Ifthatmeansbuildingtinyamusementparkstokeepthemhappy,thenthat'sexactlywhattheywilldo.Chickenshavemorepersonalitythanmanypeoplegivethemcreditfor.Likehumans,chickenslovetohavefun,explore,andjustkindofcheckstuffout.Whathappensifchickensgetbored?Boredchickenstendtoengageinbadbehaviors.Thesecanincludepeckingatandfightingwithoneanotherandpullingouteachother'sfeathers.Partofkeepingandcaringforchickens(oranyanimalforthatmatter)includesmakingsuretheyhaveeverythingtheyneedtobehappy.Thatincludesentertainmentandthingstokeeptheirdaysinteresting.Onemethodistohangupapieceofcabbage.Notonlydoesthiskeepthechickensentertained,butitalsogivesthemahealthysourceofnourishment.Thereisanotherfuntoyyoucanbuildforyourchickens,andallyouneedissomeoldbicycletires.Chickenmerry-go-roundsareabouttobecomealltherage(風(fēng)靡一時)inchickensociety.Todothis,allyouneedtodoisremovethewheelfromabike.Thenlaythewheeloutovertopsomethingsothechickensareabletospinandrideontop.Thechickensseemtoknowhowtojumprightonandgoforaride.Theymightnotreactlikeahumanonarollercoaster(過山車),buttheirbehaviortendstoshowitisanenjoyableexperienceforthem.Thewheelscanbespreadoutthroughyourgarden,backyard,orwhereveryourchickensliketoroam.Theyhelpmaketheirdaysmoreinteresting,fun,andunique!8．What'sthepurposeofhangingupapieceofcabbage?A．Tofeedchickens. B．Totrainchickens.C．Toamusechickens. D．Topunishchickens.9．Whatdoesthewordunderlinedinthelastparagraphmean?A．Hatch. B．Rest. C．Gather. D．Wander.10．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ANewPet B．Chickens'BeautifulLifeC．People'sFriends D．HarmoniousCoexistence11．Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A．Amagazine. B．Abiography. C．Adiary. D．Anovel.閱讀理解PartsofEastAsiacouldsee"riversinthesky"formduetoclimatechange,bringingrecord-breakinglevelsofrainfallwiththem,anewstudyhasrevealed.Theteam,fromtheUniversityofTsukuba,Japan,havealreadyseenclearsignsofglobalwarminghittingpartsofthecountry,sotheywantedtoseehowbadthingscouldget."It'sbeenbecomingmoreandmoreclearthatglobalwarmingmeansmorethanjustwarmertemperatures,"theywrote.Oneparticularly-damagingextremeweathereventisanincreaseinrainfalltounexpectedandunprecedented(前所未有的)levels,whichcanresultinflooding.Tohelppredictrainfallevents,researcherslookedtooneofthecauses—theinteractionofatmosphericriverswithmountainranges."Asthenamesuggests,atmosphericriversarelong,narrowbandsofconcentratedwatervapourflowingthroughtheatmosphere,"theteamexplained."Whenoneofthesebandsmeetsabarrier,suchasamountainrange,itcanproduceextremelevelsofrainfallorsnowfall."PartsofEastAsiahavebeensubjectedto(遭受)anincreasingnumberofdamaging,extremeweathereventsoverthepastdecade.Tounderstandtheimpact,theteamusedhigh-resolutionglobalatmosphericcirculationsmodelsimulations(模擬)thatvirtuallyre-createtheconditionsintheatmosphere.Theythenlookedatotherregionalclimatemodels,comparingsimulationsbasedonreal,meteorologicaldata(氣象數(shù)據(jù))from1951to2010topredictionsfor2090.Authorsusedtheclimatescenariothatwouldresultin4℃ofwarming,comparedtopreindustriallevels—whichissignificantlymorethan2℃targetsetaspartofParisClimateAgreement.Firstauthor,ProfessorYoichiKamae,saidthattheirsimulationspredictstrengthenedwatervapourtransport,aswellasincreasedrainfallatunprecedentedlevels.Insimulationsthegreatestamountsofatmosphericriver-relatedrainfalloccurredonthesouthernandwesternslopesofmountainsinEastAsia,includinginJapan,theKoreanPeninsula,andnortheasternChina.TheyhadtolimitthestudytoEastAsiaduetocomputertimeandprocessinglimitations,butpredictitwouldapplytootherregionsaroundtheworld.12．What'sthepossibleconsequenceoftheglobalwarming?A．Itcontributestopollutedair.B．Itleadstohotandrainyclimate.C．Itonlyresultsintheriseoftemperature.D．Itcausesthedestructionofmorespecies.13．TheauthorwroteParagraph4to____.A．describethenewstudyB．introduceatmosphericriversC．a(chǎn)nalyzethecauseofrainfallDwarnpeopleofglobalwarming14．Howistheresearchcarriedtoknowtheeffect?A．Bycomparison. B．Bydiscussion.C．Byexamples. D．Byexplanation15．What'stheattitudeofProfessorYoichiKamaetowardtheirsimulations?A．Theyarerisky. B．Theyarevalueless.C．Theyareperfect. D．Theyareconvincing.二、閱讀，第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。5ProvenWaystoImproveYourConcentrationWe'reallsufferingfrompoorerconcentrationnowadays.16．Herearesomesimplehabitstotry.Minimizedistraction.17．Workinadifferentroomifyoucan.Ifyoufindyourselfsidetracked(轉(zhuǎn)移目標(biāo))bydigitaldevices,turnoffnotifications(通知)andtrainyourselftocheckthematsetintervals.Setatimer.18．_Whetherit'smusic,whitenoiseorevensilence,youmightfindthere'saparticularsoundthathelpsyoumaintainyourattention.Thisenhancesalphawaves—brainwavesthatpromoterelaxationandarethoughttoplayaroleincognition(認(rèn)知)and,accordingtoasmall2015Americanstudy,makeyoumorecreative.Focusontherightfoods.Youmightgethelpfromcertainso-called"brainfoods".19．Oneofthebestwaystokeepyourbrainfitistoeatahealthydiet.Moveyourbody.Whenyouexercise,yourheartrateincreases,causingyourbodytoreleaseaproteincalledbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor,orBDNF,whichaidsnervecellgrowth.20．Sleepwell.Whodoesn'tsufferfrombrainfogafterabadnight?Everyoneneedsdifferentamountsofshuteyebutaimingforseventoninehoursisconsideredtheideal.A.Structureyourlife.B.Findtherightsound.C.Theseincludefish,nuts,blueberriesanddarkchocolate.D.Thisisimportantforconcentration,memoryandlearning.E.Buttherearewaysyoucanimproveyourfocusandgetstuffdone.F.Butevennewsplatforms,andemailscanbehighlyattentionsapping.G.Removingyourselffrompeopleanddeviceswillallowyoutoconcentratebetter.三、語言運(yùn)用，第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。JoanDonovanwas84yearsoldwhenshefinishedhercollegedegree,butthegreat-grandmothersaidshedidn'twanttostoplearningjustyet."Icouldn'twaittogetupinthemorningtogotoschool.Imetthemost21．peopleandfessors.Everyonesurroundedmewith22．a(chǎn)ndsupport.AndIlearnedthatIhada23．forwriting,"Donovansaid."That'swhenIfoundSouthernNewHampshireUniversity,whichisawonderfulschool.Ijustlovedeveryminuteofit."Fouryearslater,onDecember13,2022,DonovangraduatedfromSouthernNewHampshireUniversitywithamaster's24．increativewriting.Donovansaidtheuniversityheardshewasgraduatingwhenhersoncalledtheschoolto25．a(chǎn)frameforherdiplomaasaChristmaspresent.26．,theschooldecidedtosendmorethanjustaframeddiploma,includingacapandgown,cupcakes,balloonsanduniversityspiritwear(印有大學(xué)精神的服裝).Whenshewasyoung,Donovan'smothercalledher"Brilliant".Shestartedfirstgradeattheageof4andgraduatedhighschoolby16.Thefamilycouldn't27．college,butshewasabletotakesomepost-graduateclassesforfreeatherhighschool.Donavanalwayswanteda28．education,butmarriage,babiesandabusylife29．thingsabit.Butshenevergaveuponherdream."I'magoal-seeker,"shesaid."Anditwasagoal,andI30．it.It'sadreamcometrue,really."Now,Donovansaidsheisusinghernewdegreetowriteanovelaswellasanautobiography."Well,Iwaited60yearsto31．mydream.SoIhopeothersdon'thavetowaitthatlong,"saidDonovan,addingthatherautobiographywillbeabout32．the"roadblocks"oflife.Donovan,whohas10grandchildrenandninegreat-grandchildren,saidthemostimportantthingshe'slearnedinlifeistobea"33．learner"."Don'tevergiveup.Imean,34．somethingdoesn'tworkthefirsttime,justtryitagain,"shesaid."And35．,you'llfindyourdreamcometrue."21．A．important B．competitive C．promising D．intelligent22．A．curiosity B．encouragementC．a(chǎn)dmiration D．congratulation23．A．love B．trick C．interest D．hobby24．A．position B．document C．degree D．grade25．A．a(chǎn)pplyfor B．a(chǎn)skfor C．carefor D．lookfor26．A．Still B．Besides C．However D．Anyway27．A．a(chǎn)ttend B．a(chǎn)dmit C．a(chǎn)pprove D．a(chǎn)fford28．A．formal B．valuable C．special D．flexible29．A．buried B．delayed C．permitted D．expanded30．A．reached B．established C．searched D．succeeded31．A．satisfy B．challenge C．discover D．fulfill32．A．building B．a(chǎn)bandoning C．overcoming D．seizing33．A．hard-working B．lifelongC．well-known D．selfless34．A．if B．since C．though D．while35．A．fortunately B．immediately C．thankfully D．eventually四、語言運(yùn)用，第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。SometimesreferredtoastheThailandWaterFestival,Songkranisanannualeventthatmarksthe36．(begin)oftheThaiNewYear.It'sthe37．(large)celebrationthroughoutthewholecountry.Thefestivalkicksoff38．April13andusuallylaststhreedaysthoughfestivitiescanstartearlyorendlaterinsomecities.Theholiday'smainfocusisaboutmovingforward—infact,thewordSongkrancomesfromaphrasein39．Sanskritlanguagethatmeans"passageofthesun".Waterplaysamajorroleinthefestival.40．(symbolical)itwashesawaythepreviousyearsopeoplecangetreadyforthenextone.ManyfamilieswakeupearlyduringSongkranandvisitBuddhisttemples,41．theybringofferingssuchasfoodandlistentomonksastheypreach.PeoplesprinklecleanorscentedwateroverstatuesofBuddhatorepresentpurificationandgoodfortune.Younger42．(visit)alsopourwateronthehandsofelderlyrelativesandfriends43．(show)theirrespectandaskforblessingsinthecomingyear.Honoringfamilytraditionsand44．(religion)practicesareimportant,butsoishavingsomefun.Outside,Songkran45．(celebrate)withstreetpartiesfeaturingloudmusicandagiantfriendlywaterfight!五、寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）46．目前，很多學(xué)生苦惱學(xué)習(xí)效率低，覺得時間不夠用。學(xué)校組織班會，以"HowtoSpendTimeProperly"為題，讓同學(xué)們進(jìn)行討論。請你從以下方面準(zhǔn)備發(fā)言稿。1.恰當(dāng)管理時間的意義；2.如何恰當(dāng)管理時間，給出建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。HowtoSpendTimeProperly47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。AyoungmannamedMontyRobertswhowasthesonofanitinerant(巡回的)horsetrainerwhowouldgofromstabletostable,racetracktoracetrack,farmtofarmandranch(大農(nóng)場)toranch,traininghorses.Asaresult,theboy'shighschoolcareerwascontinuouslyinterrupted.Whenhewasasenior,hewasaskedtowriteapaperdescribinghisgoalofsomedayowningahorseranch.Hewroteabouthisdreamingreatdetailandheevendrewadiagramofa200-acreranch,showingthelocationofallthebuildings,thestablesandthetruck.Thenhedrewadetailedfloorplanfora40000square-foothousethatwouldsitonthe200-acredreamranch."Heputagreatdealofhisheartintotheprojectandthenextdayhehandeditintohisteacher.Twodayslaterhereceivedhispaperback.OnthefrontpagewasalargeredFwithanotethatread,"Seemeafterclass."Theboywiththedreamwenttoseetheteacherafterclassandasked,"WhydidIreceiveanF?"Theteachersaid,"Thisisanunrealisticdreamforayoungboylikeyou.Youhavenomoney.Youcomefromanitinerantfamily.Youhavenoresources.Owningahorseranchrequiresalotofmoney.Youhavetobuytheland.Youhavetopayfortheoriginalbreedingstockandlateryou'llhavetopaylargestudfees.There'snowayyoucouldeverdoit."Thentheteacheradded,"Ifyourewritethispaperwithamorerealisticgoal,Iwillreconsideryourgrade."Paragraph1:Theboywenthomeandthoughtaboutitlongandhard.Paragraph2:Manyyearslater,thesameschoolteacherbrought30kidstocamponahorseranchownedbyMontyRoberts.

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．A3．B【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了什么是基因編輯食品以及這類食品的特性。

【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題一種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對照，不符合原文意義的選項(xiàng)要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項(xiàng)。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"GEfoodsareproducedusingthegene-editingtoolCRISPR,whicheditstheexistingDNAofaplantoranimal.(基因編輯食品是使用基因編輯工具CRISPR生產(chǎn)的，該工具可以編輯植物或動物的現(xiàn)有DNA)"可知，基因編輯食品編輯自己現(xiàn)有的DNA。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Gene-editedfoodscouldsoonbehittingsupermarketshelvesintheUKasthegovernmentannouncedplanstoallowgene-editedfoodstobesoldunlabeledinBritishsupermarkets,promotinganoutcryfromsomeconsumerswhoclaimthey"shouldbegivenachoice".(基因編輯食品可能很快就會出現(xiàn)在英國超市的貨架上，因?yàn)檎剂嗽试S基因編輯食品在英國超市不加標(biāo)簽地銷售的計(jì)劃，這引發(fā)了一些消費(fèi)者的強(qiáng)烈抗議，他們聲稱"應(yīng)該給他們一個選擇")"以及第二段"Unlikegeneticallymodifiedfood,gene-editedfoodcontainsno"foreign"DNAfromotherspecies.Scientistsuseaspecializedproteintomaketinychangestotheorganism'sDNAthatcouldoccurnaturallyorthroughselectivebreeding.(與轉(zhuǎn)基因食品不同，基因編輯食品不含來自其他物種的"外來"DNA?？茖W(xué)家們使用一種特殊的蛋白質(zhì)對生物體的DNA進(jìn)行微小的改變，這種改變可以自然發(fā)生，也可以通過選擇性育種發(fā)生)"可知，英國政府支持基因編輯食品是對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的正確態(tài)度。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段"TomatoeshavebeengeneticallyengineeredtoproducemorevitaminD.Researchersclaimthatthe"super"fruitscouldhelpreducetheriskofdevelopingdiseasessuchascancer,Parkinson'sdiseaseanddementia(癡呆).(西紅柿經(jīng)過基因工程改造，可以產(chǎn)生更多的維生素D。研究人員稱，這種"超級"水果有助于降低患癌癥、帕金森氏癥和癡呆癥等疾病的風(fēng)險)"；倒數(shù)第二段"Acrylamide(丙烯酰胺),asubstancethatcancausecancer,iscreatedwhenbreadisbakedortoasted.Researchershaveeditedthegenome(基因組)ofwheattoreduceitsproductionofthecancer-causingchemical.(丙烯酰胺是一種會導(dǎo)致癌癥的物質(zhì)，它是在烤面包時產(chǎn)生的。研究人員編輯了小麥的基因組，以減少其致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)的產(chǎn)生)"以及最后一段"Researchershaveusedgene-editingtechniquestogrowchickencellsthatareunabletoreplicatethebirdfluvirusinalab.TheyeditedasectionofchickenDNAtomakeitresistanttothevirus.(研究人員利用基因編輯技術(shù)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中培育出了不能復(fù)制禽流感病毒的雞細(xì)胞。他們編輯了雞的一段DNA，使其對病毒具有抵抗力)"可知，B選項(xiàng)"不會變成棕色的蘑菇"不是可以減少疾病的方法。故選B。【答案】4．D5．B6．B7．A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了12歲的埃莉諾·伍茲在哮喘母親的啟發(fā)下，制作了一個太陽能背包，可以過濾空氣污染，幫助有呼吸疾病的人。

【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對照，不符合原文意義的選項(xiàng)要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項(xiàng)。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實(shí)于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關(guān)鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項(xiàng)；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中"The"Backpacktothefuture"competitionwaslaunchedtochangeperceptions(認(rèn)知),encouragemorediversitywithinengineeringandtoshowchildrenhowtheycouldcombineaninterestinfashionwithacareerinscience,technology,engineeringormath.("面向未來的背包"比賽旨在改變?nèi)藗兊挠^念，鼓勵工程領(lǐng)域的更多多樣性，并向孩子們展示如何將時尚興趣與科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程或數(shù)學(xué)職業(yè)相結(jié)合)"可知，"面向未來的背包"比賽的目標(biāo)是將興趣與科學(xué)實(shí)踐聯(lián)系起來。故選D。5．推理判斷題。由第四段中"Thefirstthingthatcametomindisthatblueisoneofmyfavoritecolorsandbluefeelscleanandthebubblesontheoutsidehaveacleanthemeforbreathing.(首先想到的是藍(lán)色是我最喜歡的顏色之一，藍(lán)色感覺很干凈，外面的氣泡有一個干凈的呼吸主題)"可知，第四段暗示這個背包是藍(lán)色的，上面有氣泡。故選B。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中"MyBreatheBetterBackpackisallaboutkeepingmyfriends,familyandclassmatessafeusinganairfilter.Itlookscoolandwillhelpgetkidsoutsideandfightoffcolds(我的BreatheBetter雙肩包就是為了用空氣過濾器保護(hù)我的朋友、家人和同學(xué)的安全。它看起來很涼爽，有助于讓孩子們出門，抵御感冒)"可知，EleanorWoods的創(chuàng)新背包的特點(diǎn)在于它對健康有益。故選B。7．推理判斷題。由第二段中"Shewentontowintheawardforherinnovativebag.(她因其新穎的背包而獲獎)"和第四段中"Poweredbygreenenergyfromsolarpowerandadynamo—amachinethatconvertsmechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergy—thebackpackfilterspollutedairbeforefanningoutcleanerairnearby.(背包由太陽能和發(fā)電機(jī)提供的綠色能源提供動力，發(fā)電機(jī)是一種將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的機(jī)器，它過濾污染的空氣，然后在附近散發(fā)出更清潔的空氣)"可知，EleanorWoods很有創(chuàng)意。故選A。【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了養(yǎng)雞的人對待雞會充滿熱情和關(guān)愛，強(qiáng)調(diào)雞也有個性，喜歡玩耍和探索。為了避免雞感到無聊帶來的不良行為，養(yǎng)雞的人可以提供娛樂和創(chuàng)造有趣的環(huán)境，讓雞保持快樂。

【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，詞義猜測題和主旨大意題四種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對照，不符合原文意義的選項(xiàng)要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項(xiàng)。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實(shí)于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關(guān)鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項(xiàng)；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。詞義猜測題的解題方法包括利用指代關(guān)系、定義、定語、文章中的舉例、比較的詞語、構(gòu)詞法知識、上下文語境、因果關(guān)系來推測詞義。做主旨大意題時，要求考生抓住每段或每個層次的主要含義進(jìn)行加工、提煉，通過對語篇結(jié)構(gòu)的分析即對文章內(nèi)部各層次間的邏輯關(guān)系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段"Onemethodistohangupapieceofcabbage.Notonlydoesthiskeepthechickensentertained,butitalsogivesthemahealthysourceofnourishment.(一種方法是掛一塊卷心菜。這不僅能讓雞開心，還能給它們提供健康的營養(yǎng)來源)"可知，掛一塊卷心菜是為了逗雞開心。故選C。9．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞的上文"Thewheelscanbespreadoutthroughyourgarden,backyard,orwherever(輪子可以散布在你的花園、后院，或者任何地方)"可知，此處是描述放置輪子的位置，再結(jié)合畫線詞的下文"Theyhelpmaketheirdaysmoreinteresting,fun,andunique!(它們讓它們的生活更有趣、愉快和獨(dú)特)"可知，放置這些輪子是為了讓雞開心。由此推知，花園、后院這些應(yīng)該都是雞喜歡閑逛的地方，可以放輪子讓它們玩，畫線詞意思應(yīng)該是"閑逛，漫游"，與wander意思相近。故選D。10．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中"Similartothosewhokeepcatsanddogsasanimalfriends,chickenownerslovetospoiltheirlittleones.Ifthatmeansbuildingtinyamusementparkstokeepthemhappy,thenthat'sexactlywhattheywilldo.(就像那些把貓和狗當(dāng)作動物朋友的人一樣，養(yǎng)雞的人也喜歡寵壞他們的小家伙。如果這意味著構(gòu)建小型游樂園讓它們快樂，那他們就會這么做)"可知，文章主要為養(yǎng)雞的人介紹了如何為喜歡玩耍和探索的雞提供娛樂和創(chuàng)造有趣的環(huán)境，讓它們保持快樂。因此，B項(xiàng)"雞的美好生活"契合文章主旨，適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B。11．推理判斷題?？v觀全文可知，文章首先介紹養(yǎng)雞的人對待雞會充滿熱情和關(guān)愛，然后強(qiáng)調(diào)雞也有個性，喜歡玩耍和探索；再引出主體內(nèi)容，建議養(yǎng)雞的人避免雞感到無聊帶來的不良行為，為雞提供娛樂，創(chuàng)造有趣的環(huán)境，讓它們保持快樂。因此，文章主要是從客觀事實(shí)上提供日常養(yǎng)雞方面的建議，語言較為平實(shí)，兼具趣味性，很可能出自一本雜志。故選A?！敬鸢浮?2．B13．C14．A15．D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究顯示，由于氣候變化，東亞部分地區(qū)可能會出現(xiàn)"天空中的河流"，帶來破紀(jì)錄的降雨量。

【點(diǎn)評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對照，不符合原文意義的選項(xiàng)要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項(xiàng)。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實(shí)于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關(guān)鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項(xiàng)；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中"It'sbeenbecomingmoreandmoreclearthatglobalwarmingmeansmorethanjustwarmertemperatures(越來越清楚的是，全球變暖不僅僅意味著氣溫升高)"和第三段中"Oneparticularly-damagingextremeweathereventisanincreaseinrainfalltounexpectedandunprecedented(前所未有的)levels,whichcanresultinflooding.(一個特別具有破壞性的極端天氣事件是降雨量增加到前所未有的水平，這可能導(dǎo)致洪水)"可知，全球變暖的可能后果是氣候炎熱多雨。故選B。13．推理判斷題。由第四段""Asthenamesuggests,atmosphericriversarelong,narrowbandsofconcentratedwatervapourflowingthroughtheatmosphere,"theteamexplained."Whenoneofthesebandsmeetsabarrier,suchasamountainrange,itcanproduceextremelevelsofrainfallorsnowfall."(該團(tuán)隊(duì)解釋道："顧名思義，大氣河流是流經(jīng)大氣的細(xì)長的濃縮水蒸氣帶。""當(dāng)其中一條帶遇到山脈等障礙物時，可能會產(chǎn)生極端程度的降雨或降雪。")"可知，第四段主要講降雨產(chǎn)生的原因，可得出作者寫第四段是為了分析降雨的原因。故選C。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第三段中"Theythenlookedatotherregionalclimatemodels,comparingsimulationsbasedonreal,meteorologicaldata(氣象數(shù)據(jù))from1951to2010topredictionsfor2090.(然后，他們研究了其他區(qū)域氣候模型，將1951年至2010年基于真實(shí)氣象數(shù)據(jù)的模擬與2090年的預(yù)測進(jìn)行了比較)"和倒數(shù)第二段"Authorsusedtheclimatescenariothatwouldresultin4℃ofwarming,comparedtopreindustriallevels—whichissignificantlymorethan2℃targetsetaspartofParisClimateAgreement.(研究發(fā)起人使用了與工業(yè)化前水平相比將導(dǎo)致4攝氏度變暖的氣候情景——這大大高于《巴黎氣候協(xié)定》設(shè)定的2攝氏度目標(biāo))"可知，研究通過比較來了解研究結(jié)果。故選A。15．推理判斷題。由最后一段中"TheyhadtolimitthestudytoEastAsiaduetocomputertimeandprocessinglimitations,butpredictitwouldapplytootherregionsaroundtheworld.(由于計(jì)算機(jī)時間和處理的限制，他們不得不將這項(xiàng)研究限制在東亞，但預(yù)測它將適用于世界其他地區(qū))"可知，KamaeYoichi教授認(rèn)為他們的模擬將適用于世界其他地區(qū)，可得出KamaeYoichi教授認(rèn)為他們的模擬令人信服。故選D?！敬鸢浮?6．E；17．G；18．B；19．C；20．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了五個行之有效的提高注意力的方法。

【點(diǎn)評】考查任務(wù)型閱讀（七選五）。解題時，要求考生注意通讀整篇文章，把握整段脈絡(luò)，理出文章的中心，分析段落之間和段落內(nèi)部的層次。選項(xiàng)與前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系是確定答案的主要依據(jù)?？梢詮囊馑?、關(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞來分析段落之間以及段落內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系。七選五解題的一些實(shí)用技巧如下。第一，快速瀏覽全文，把握文章主旨。在開始解題前，快速瀏覽全文，了解文章的大致內(nèi)容和主題，有助于更好地理解和判斷每個選項(xiàng)的合適性。第二，注意段首句和段尾句。段首句往往是對整段的概括或引入，而段尾句則常常是對該段的總結(jié)或結(jié)論。因此，關(guān)注這些句子有助于我們快速了解段落的主旨，從而更好地選擇答案。第三，利用上下文語境和邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷。在選擇答案時，要仔細(xì)閱讀上下文，尋找與選項(xiàng)相關(guān)的線索和信息，如關(guān)聯(lián)詞、同義詞、反義詞等。同時，也要根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷，如因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列等，從而確定正確答案。第四，排除法也是一種有效的解題方法。當(dāng)面對多個選項(xiàng)時，可以先排除與文章主旨或上下文不符的選項(xiàng)，然后再根據(jù)剩余選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行比較和選擇。16．前文"We'reallsufferingfrompoorerconcentrationnowadays.(我們現(xiàn)在都在遭受注意力不集中的困擾)"提到注意力不集中的困擾很普遍，后文"Herearesomesimplehabitstotry.(這里有一些簡單的習(xí)慣可以嘗試)"提到可以嘗試一些方法，空處應(yīng)該和該問題可以解決相關(guān)。因此E項(xiàng)"Buttherearewaysyoucanimproveyourfocusandgetstuffdone.(但是有一些方法可以提高你的注意力，把事情做好)"符合語境，和前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，引出后文，其中的focus和前文的concentration呼應(yīng)。故選E。17．本段小標(biāo)題"Minimizedistraction.(減少分心)"表明本段介紹如何減少分心，后文"Workinadifferentroomifyoucan.Ifyoufindyourselfsidetracked(轉(zhuǎn)移目標(biāo))bydigitaldevices,turnoffnotifications(通知)andtrainyourselftocheckthematsetintervals.(如果可以的話，換一個房間工作。如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被電子設(shè)備分散了注意力，關(guān)掉通知，訓(xùn)練自己每隔一段時間查看一次)"主要從減少人群和電子設(shè)備的干擾兩個方面介紹具體做法，空處作為段首句，應(yīng)該涉及人群和電子設(shè)備兩個方面。因此G項(xiàng)"Removingyourselffrompeopleanddeviceswillallowyoutoconcentratebetter.(遠(yuǎn)離人群和設(shè)備會讓你更好地集中注意力)"符合語境，契合后文內(nèi)容。故選G。18．后文"Whetherit'smusic,whitenoiseorevensilence,youmightfindthere'saparticularsoundthathelpsyoumaintainyourattention.Thisenhancesalphawaves—brainwavesthatpromoterelaxationandarethoughttoplayaroleincognition(認(rèn)知)and,accordingtoasmall2015Americanstudy,makeyoumorecreative.(無論是音樂、白噪音，甚至是安靜，你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)有一種特別的聲音能幫助你保持注意力。