2021-2022學(xué)年上海市寶山區(qū)高三上學(xué)期期末英語試題及答案

2021-2022學(xué)年上海市寶山區(qū)高三上學(xué)期期末英語試題及答案I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】A.Cleaningthekitchen. B.Discussingakitchendesign.C.Tryingtodrawamapofdinning. D.Paintingthediningroom.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Asyoucanseefromthedrawings,thekitchenhasonedoorintothediningroom,anotherintothefamilyroomandathirdtotheoutside.W:Thedoorintothefamilyroomisn’tbigenough.Coulditbemadewider?Q:Whatarethespeakersdoing?2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】A.Studyacomputerprogram. B.Checktheircomputerfiles.C.Assembleacomputer. D.Makesomecomputation.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Haveyoueverputacomputertogetherbefore?M:No,never.ButIthinkifwefollowtheseinstructionsexactly,wewon’thavemuchtrouble.Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】A.ItisfastertogotoNewYorkbytrain.B.Itisnotalwayscheapergoingbybus.C.Itismorecomfortableandconvenienttotakeabus.D.ItisworththemoneytakingatraintoNewYork.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:TakingabustoNewYorkischeaperthangoingbytrain.M:That’strue.ButI’dratherpayalittlemorefortheaddedcomfortandconvenience.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】A.Thewomanthinkshighlyofthespeaker.B.Thewomanhasknownthespeakerforalongtime.C.Themanhaddifficultyunderstandingthelecture.D.Themanismakingacommentaboutnothing.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Whataboringspeaker!Icouldhardlystayawake.W:Well,Idon’tknow.Infact,Ithinkit’sbeenalongtimesinceI’veheardanyoneasgood.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】A.ShehasnotreadthenewsontheNet. B.ShehaseveryconfidenceinSusan.C.SheisnotasbrightanddiligentasSusan. D.Sheisalittlebitsurprisedatthenews.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:HaveyoureadthenewsontheCampusNet?Susanhaswonthescholarshipfornextyear.W:Iknewshewouldfromtheverybeginning.Sheabrilliantanddiligentgirl!Shecertainlydeservesit.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?6.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】A.Getanewbusschedule. B.Readthenoticeonthewindow.C.Goandasktheticketseller. D.BoardthebustoCleveland.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Thiscrazybusschedulehasgotmecompletelyconfused.Ican’tfigureoutwhenmybustoClevelandleaves.M:Whydon’tyoujusttotheticketwindowandask?Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?7.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】A.Janeworetheovercoatlastweek. B.Jane’ssisterisinthesameclassastheman.C.Janemissedherclasslastweek. D.Jane’sovercoatisasfashionableashersister’s.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Thisisafashionableovercoat.Isawyouwearingitlastweek,didn’tI?W:Oh,thatwasn’tme.ThatwasmysisterJane.She’sinyourclass.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?8.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】A.Hewasfifteenwhenhetookoverthecompany.B.Heismakingplanstoexpandhisoperation.C.Heisaverysuccessfulbusinessman.D.Hehaschangedhisbusinessstrategy.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Howlonghaveyoubeenrunningthiscompany?M:Fifteenyearsifyoucanbelievethat.Iboughtitfromasmalloperationtowhatitistoday.Q:Whatdowelearnabouttheman?9.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】A.Themanandthewomanareworkingonajointproject.B.Thewomanisgoingtomakehertopicmorefocused.C.Ittookalotoftimetogetthemanontherighttrack.D.Oneshouldchooseabroadtopicforaresearchpaper.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Youareontherighttrack.Ijustthinkyouneedtonarrowthetopicdown.W:Yeah,you’reright.IalwaysstartbychoosingtoobroadatopicwhenI’mdoingaresearchpaper.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?10.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】A.Childrenshouldplaysportsatleastonceaweek.B.Thewoman’skidscanplayfootballwithhisson.C.Manychildrenfeelboredwhenleftalone.D.Thewoman’ssonsmightenjoyteamsports.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Myboysarealwayscomplainingthatthey’rebored.M:Whydon’tyougetthemintosometeamsports?MysonanddaughterplayfootballeverySaturday.Andtheybothlookforwardtoitallweek.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】11.A.Tostartoffasalistener. B.Tospeakrightaway.C.Tolearnandlistenquietly. D.Totalkabouttheirlives.12.A.Theycanhearandappreciateinterestingvideos.B.Theycandroptheirworriesandproblems.C.Itcanhelppeoplemakemoreonlinefriends.D.Theycanenjoythesafespaceforexpression.13.A.Toenabletheuserstoenjoymorefreedomtosayanything.B.Tofindawaytotrackdiscussionsandprotectusers.C.Toprovideaspaceforhatefulspeechesandfalsestatements.D.Totellwhethertheimpactoftheappishelpfulorharmful.【答案】11.A12.B13.D【解析】【原文】Clubhouseisthelatestappthatistakingtheworldbystorm.Itconsistsofroomswherepeopletalkaboutsettopicsoveraudioonly.Youstartoffasalistener,soyouaren’tabletospeakrightaway.Butsometimesthebestwaytolearnistoslowdownandjustlisten.Thenyoucanquietlyconsiderwhatpeoplesayabouttheirwork,livesandexperiences.Youjustmightdiscoversomethingnew.Thesedayspeoplehavemoreonlinefriendsthaneveryetarestilllonely.Clubhousestandsoutfromotherappsinthewayithelpsusersengagewithothers.Theycanlaughovercommoninterestsorhavedeepdiscussions.Theycanfeelheardandappreciated.Withoutvideo,theycanevendropsomeoftheirinsecuritiesandsaywhatthey’refeeling.Yetwiththissafespaceforexpression,problemscanoccur,too.Inaplacewhereyoucansayanything,somedon’tusetheirfreedomrightly.HatefulspeechandfalsestatementshavebecomeaproblemasClubhouse'smembershiphasgrown.Movingforward,itisimportantforClubhousetofindawaytotrackdiscussionsandprotectusers.Thisappwilllikelycontinuetohaveagreatimpact.Onlytimewilltellwhetherthatimpactishelpfulorharmful.(Nowlistenagainplease.)11.WhichofthefollowingisallowedaftertheusersjoinClubhouse?12.WhyisClubhousepopularwithitsusers?13.WhatimprovementdoesClubhouseneedtomakeaccordingtothespeaker?聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】14.A.Everyactionleadstoaresult. B.Makingabigdecisionquietly.C.Askingpeersforhelpfuladvice. D.Sharingyourconfidenceproudly.15.A.Todefinetheproblemyou’rescaredof. B.Tobrainstormothers’comments.C.Todecidewhatisrightforyou. D.Topostponetakingaction.16.A.Whatfactorsinvolvedinmakingabaddecision.B.Howtomakegooddecisionsandavoidbadones.C.Whypeopleusuallyhesitatetomakedecisions.D.Howmanystepstobetakenbeforemakingdecisions.【答案】14.A15.C16.B【解析】【原文】Oneofthebestskillsyoucanlearninlifeishowtomakegooddecisions.Why?Becausebaddecisionsleadtodisappointmentandpain.Gooddecisions,ontheotherhand,makeyoufeelhappyandsuccessful.Sowhatfactorsgointomakingagooddecision?Therearethreetoconsider.First,youneedtorealizethateveryactionhasaconsequence.Youshouldn’tmakeabigdecisionquickly.Second,talktoothers,especiallythosewhoareolderandwiserthanyou.Theycangiveyouhelpfuladvice.Andfinally,checkyourconscience.Besurethatyoucanfeelproudofthedecisionyouaregoingtomake.Whenitcomestodecisions,manypeoplehesitatetomakethem.Theymaybescaredofmakingamistake.Theymaybeafraidofwhatotherpeoplewillthinkoftheirchoice.Ifyouneedhelpmakingadecision,usethefollowingfoursteps.First,youneedtodefinetheproblemyouarefacing.Thenextstepistothinkcarefullyaboutthedecisionandbrainstormyourchoices.Third,youhavetodeterminewhatisrightforyou.Andfinally,actonyourdecisionassoonaspossible.(Nowlistenagainplease.)Questions:14.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutfactorstoconsiderwhenmakingagooddecision?15.Whatdoesthespeakeradviseyoutodowhenyouneedhelpmakingadecision?16.What’sthespeakermainlytalkingabout?聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】17.A.Seeingamovie. B.Thebeststudyspot.C.Acoffeeshop. D.Aschoollibrary.18.A.Booksinthelibrarymakehimanxious.B.Hardworkingstudentsarehisfavoritescenery.C.Thesilenceoflibraryhelpshimconcentrate.D.Hefeelstheanxietyofstudyingatthelibrary.19.A.Acoffeeshophelpsherrelax. B.Toomuchcoffeemakesherfeelsick.C.Drinkingcoffeefailstokeepheralert. D.Abitofbackgroundnoiseaffectsher.20.A.Togiveuptheirnoise-cancelingheadphones.B.Todrinkcoffeewhiletheystudytogether.C.Tobeequippedwithcomfortablechairs.D.Toexchangetheirplacesforthebetterone.【答案】17.B18.C19.A20.D【解析】【原文】M:Hey,Celia,doyouwanttogoseeamovietomorrow?W:Sorry,Ian,Ican’t.Ihavealotofstudyingtodo,soI’llbeattheComfortCafeallday.M:Hey!Whydon’tyoucomestudywithmeatthelibrary?Youknow-nearthebooksandotherhardworkingstudents?W:Idon’tlikestudyingatthelibrary.Myfavoriteplacetostudyisatacoffeeshop.M:Why?Youcan’tconcentrateinacoffeeshop.Peoplearealwayswalkinginandout,andthecoffeemachineissoloud!Plustherearealwayspeopletalking!W:PeopleareusuallyprettyrespectfulattheComfortCafe.Besides,IlikehavingalittlebitofbackgroundnoisewhenIstudy.Thelibraryistooquiet.M:Idon’tthinkit’spossibleforastudyspottobetooquiet.WhenI’mstudying,totalsilenceiswhathelpsmeconcentrate.W:Coffeeiswhathelpsmeconcentrate.Drinkingcoffeekeepsmealert,anditalsoimprovesmymemory.M:Toomuchcoffeemakesmefeelsickandanxious.W:Studyingatthelibrarymakesmeanxious.Icanjustfeeltheanxietyofallthestudentsstudyingfortests.M:Thatdoesn’taffectme.W:Well,itdoesaffectme.Therelaxedatmosphereofacoffeeshophelpsmerelax.Achangeofsceneryreallyhelpswhenyouhavealottodo.M:That’swhyIlikethelibrary.Booksaremyfavoritescenery!W:Coffeemachinesandcomfortablechairsaremyfavoritescenery.AssoonasIsmellthecoffee,Iknowit’sgoingtobeaproductiveday.M:Ihaveanidea.NexttimeIhaveanexam,I’lltrystudyinginacoffeeshop.Andyoucangivethelibraryanothershot,Thenwe’llknowwhichoneisbetter.W:Well,IguessIcantryit.AslongasIcantakeacupofcoffeewithme!M:AndI’IItakemynoise-cancelingheadphonestothecoffeeshop!(Nowlistenagainplease.)Questions:1.Whatarethetwospeakersmainlytalkingabout?2.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisfavoriteplace?3.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherfavoriteplace?4.Whataretheygoingtodoaccordingtotheiragreement?II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.RisingTotheChallengeCyclistsmustdigdeeptocompletewhat’sbeencalledthetoughestclimbintheworld.TheyraceuptoWulingPeaktothefinishlineintheKingoftheMountain(KOM)Challenge.EveryOctobersomeoftheworld’sbestcyclistsbattle____21____thetitle.Startingatsealevel,therouteclimbstoaheightof3,275metersattheend,covering105kilometers.EversinceIstartedcyclingsevenyearsago,completingtheKOMclimb____22____(be)agoalofmine.EveryyearIthoughtthatIneededtoprepareforitandusedthatasmyexcuse.But____23____(look)back,IrealizeIwouldhavebeenfine.Cyclinguphillwasnoproblemformethen-itwasthrilling.Nowit’sexhausting.LastsummerIfinallydecidedtotakeonWulingwithsomefriends.Our89-kilometerroutestartedatthebaseofthemountainandwasalittleshorterthantheofficialKOMrace.Butit’sthefinal10kilometers____24____arethemostdemanding:Thisisthesteepestpart,____25____makestheclimbsohard.Webeganearlyinthemorningasagroupof17riders.Butonlythreeofuswouldmakeittothetop.Asupportcarwasnecessary,especiallyonaridelikethis,____26____(help)keepusenergetic.ThefirstpartoftheridewentthroughTarokoValley,amagnificentpark.I’vehikedthere,____27____I’vealwayswantedtobikeit.Isawdramaticrockyoutcrops,canyons,waterfallsandforestsasIzippedthroughthevalleyandupthemountainroad.EventhoughitwasAugust,theweatherwasperfect.Unfortunately,thesupportcarthatcarriedourlunch____28____(delay).Bythetimeitarrived,Iwasstarving.Beingconsumedofenergyevenforthatshorttimeaffectedtherestofmyride.Whenthehardlast10kilometersarrived,Ireallystruggledtocompletethem.AtonepointI____29____seehowclosethetopofthepeakwas,butitstillfeltsofaraway.Fortunately,determinationcarriedmetothefinish.____30____(exhaust),IconqueredWuling!Whatatremendousfeeling!【答案】21.for22.hasbeen23.looking24.that25.which26.tohelp27.but28.wasdelayed29.could30.Exhausted【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。作者以“迎接挑戰(zhàn)”這個(gè)標(biāo)題開始，描述了他騎自行車完成KOM挑戰(zhàn)賽，并征服武陵的難忘的經(jīng)歷?！?1題詳解】考查介詞。句意：每年10月，一些世界上最好的自行車選手都會爭奪冠軍。根據(jù)句意，本句用的是battlefor（為…而戰(zhàn)）這個(gè)短語。選手是為冠軍稱號而戰(zhàn)的。故填for?！?2題詳解】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：自從七年前我開始騎自行車以來，完成KOM攀登一直是我的目標(biāo)。根據(jù)Eversince可知，主句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。結(jié)合本句句意，空處需填have/hasbeen。又根據(jù)本句主語是completingtheKOMclimb，動名詞做主語看成單數(shù)。故填hasbeen?！?3題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：但是回想起來，我意識到我本來會很好的。分析句子，主語是I，此空處的look是狀語，二者構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表主動。故填looking?！?4題詳解】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：但正是這最后的10公里是最難的。分析句子成分可知，本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他部分。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的關(guān)鍵是把Itis和that去掉以后句子是完整的，這個(gè)符合強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的結(jié)構(gòu)，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)thefinal10kilometers，應(yīng)用that。故填that?！?5題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這是最陡的部分，這使得攀登如此困難。分析句子可知，本句是主從句結(jié)構(gòu)，后面的從句修飾，引導(dǎo)詞指物做賓語，另外本句屬于非限制性定語從句，不能用that。故填which?！?6題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：一輛輔助車是必要的，尤其是在這樣的騎行中，以幫助我們保持活力。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，中間部分是插入語，兩邊組成一個(gè)完整句子。本句中前面是主語+be動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)，后面動詞不定式，作目的狀語。故填tohelp。【27題詳解】考查連詞。句意：我曾在那里徒步旅行，但我一直想騎自行車。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，逗號隔開了兩個(gè)完整的句子。因此空處用連詞，又因前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以but符合題意。故填but。【28題詳解】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：不幸的是，運(yùn)送我們午餐的支援車被耽擱了。分析句子，本句中的主語是thesupportcar，后面的that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句修飾這個(gè)詞。設(shè)空處是句子的謂語部分，結(jié)合語境，這個(gè)事發(fā)生在過去了，故用一般過去時(shí)。另外，thesupportcar和動詞delay構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，因此此空用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，was/were+done。另外，主語是單數(shù)。故填wasdelayed。【29題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：在某一點(diǎn)上，我可以看到山頂有多近，但它仍然感覺很遙遠(yuǎn)。分析句子，設(shè)空前的“I”是句子主語，空后是動詞原形see。在主語和動詞原形之間只能考慮情態(tài)動詞了，再結(jié)合句意，作者是說他能看到山頂，再結(jié)合全文的一般過去時(shí)。故填could?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：筋疲力盡，我征服了武陵！分析句子可知，本句是主謂賓的結(jié)構(gòu)，主語是I，謂語是conquered，賓語是Wuling，此空出現(xiàn)在句首，和主句逗號隔開，且沒有連詞，設(shè)空處是形容詞作狀語，修飾主語“我”。exhausted表示筋疲力盡的，一般修飾人，符合題意。故填Exhausted。SectionBDirections:FillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromtheboxEachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.NotethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneedA.potentiallyB.resultsC.rewardsD.sensitiveE.survivalF.transmitG.distinguishH.respondingI.developedJ.consciousK.rapidlySenseofsmellisourmostrapidwarningsystem“Thehumanavoidanceresponsetounpleasantsmellsassociatedwithdangerhaslongbeenseenasa____31____perceivableprocess,butourstudyshowsforthefirsttimethatit’sunconsciousandextremelyrapid,”saysthestudy’sfirstauthorBehzadIravani,researcherattheDepartmentofClinicalNeuroscience,KarolinskaInstitutet.Theorganrelatingtothesenseofsmelltakesupaboutfivepercentofthehumanbrainandenablesusto____32____betweenmanymilliondifferentsmells.Alargeproportionofthesesmellsareassociatedwithathreattoourhealthand____33____,suchasthatofchemicalsandrottenfood.Smellsignalsreachthebrainwithin100to150millisecondsafterbeingbreathedinthroughthenose.Thesurvivalofalllivingorganismsdependsontheirabilitytoavoiddangerandseek____34____.Inhumans,thesmellsenseseemsparticularlyimportantfordetectingandreactingto____35____harmfulsubstance.Ithaslongbeenamysteryjustwhichsensorysystemsareinvolvedinthechangeofanunpleasantsmellintoavoidancebehaviorinhumans.ResearchersatKarolinskaInstitutethavenow____36____amethodthatforthefirsttimehasmadeitpossibletomeasuresignalsfromthehumansmellorgan,whichprocessessmellsandinturncan____37____signalstopartsofthebrainthatcontrolmovementandavoidancebehavior.Their____38____arebasedonthreeexperimentsinwhichparticipantswereaskedtoratetheirexperienceofsixdifferentsmells,somepositive,somenegative,whiletheelectrophysiologicalactivityofthesmellorganwhen____39____toeachofthesmellswasmeasured.“Itwasclearthattheorganreactsspecificallyand_____40_____tonegativesmellsandsendsadirectsignaltotheouterlayeroftheorganwithinabout300ms,”saysthestudy’slastauthorJohanLundstr?m.”Thesignalcausesthepersontounconsciouslyleanbackandawayfromthesourceofthesmell.”【答案】31.J32.G33.E34.C35.A36.I37F38.B39.H40.K【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹嗅覺是我們最快速的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞作定語。句意：長期以來，人類對與危險(xiǎn)相關(guān)的難聞氣味的回避反應(yīng)一直被視為一種有意識的可感知的過程，但我們的研究首次表明，它是無意識的，而且非常迅速。此處用形容詞conscious“有意識的”作定語，修飾名詞process。故選J?！?2題詳解】考查不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。句意：這個(gè)與嗅覺有關(guān)的器官約占人腦的5%，它使我們能夠區(qū)分?jǐn)?shù)百萬種不同的氣味。固定搭配：enablesb.todosth.“使某人能夠做某事”，其中不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語；動詞distinguish的意思是“區(qū)別，認(rèn)出”符合題意。故選G?！?3題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這些氣味中有很大一部分與對我們的健康和生存的威脅有關(guān)，比如化學(xué)物質(zhì)和腐爛的食物。此處指對健康和“生存”構(gòu)成威脅，所以名詞survival“生存”符合題意。故選E?！?4題詳解】考查名詞作賓語。句意：所有生物的生存取決于它們規(guī)避危險(xiǎn)和尋求回報(bào)的能力。名詞rewards的意思是“回報(bào)，酬謝”，在句中作動詞seek的賓語，表示“尋求回報(bào)”。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查副詞修飾形容詞。句意：對人類來說，嗅覺對于探測潛在的有害物質(zhì)并作出反應(yīng)似乎特別重要。句中harmful是形容詞，由副詞potentially“潛在地”修飾，表示“潛在的有害物質(zhì)”。故選A。【36題詳解】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：卡羅林斯卡學(xué)院的研究人員現(xiàn)在開發(fā)了一種方法，首次使測量來自人類嗅覺器官的信號成為可能。人類嗅覺器官處理氣味，然后將信號傳遞到大腦中控制運(yùn)動和逃避行為的部分。該句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示“已經(jīng)開發(fā)了一種方法”，所以developed符合題意。故選I。【37題詳解】考查及物動詞。句意：卡羅林斯卡學(xué)院的研究人員現(xiàn)在開發(fā)了一種方法，首次使測量來自人類嗅覺器官的信號成為可能。人類嗅覺器官處理氣味，然后將信號傳遞到大腦中控制運(yùn)動和逃避行為的部分。情態(tài)動詞can后面跟動詞原形，此處表示“傳遞”信號，所以及物動詞transmit“傳遞”符合題意。故選F?！?8題詳解】考查名詞作主語。句意：他們的結(jié)果是基于三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的。在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，參與者被要求對他們對六種不同氣味(一些是積極的，一些是消極的)的體驗(yàn)打分，同時(shí)測量了嗅覺器官對每種氣味做出反應(yīng)時(shí)的電生理活動。此處指他們的“結(jié)果”，所以名詞results“結(jié)果”符合題意。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語。句意：他們的結(jié)果是基于三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的。在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，參與者被要求對他們對六種不同氣味(一些是積極的，一些是消極的)的體驗(yàn)打分，同時(shí)測量了嗅覺器官對每種氣味做出反應(yīng)時(shí)的電生理活動。固定短語：respondto“回應(yīng)，響應(yīng)”，此處是現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語。故選H?！?0題詳解】考查副詞修飾動詞。句意：很明顯，這個(gè)器官對負(fù)面氣味的反應(yīng)特別迅速，并在大約300毫秒內(nèi)向器官的外層發(fā)出直接信號。此處指反應(yīng)特別迅速，所以副詞rapidly“訊速地”符合題意。故選K。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Whilepeoplewhoarebothtrustworthyandcapablearethemostsoughtafterwhenitcomestoteamassembly,friendlinessandtrustworthinessareoftenmoreimportantfactorsthanability.“Weassumethatpeopleare____41____forimportanttaskforcesandteamsbecauseoftheknowledge,skillsandabilitiestheybringtothetable.However,thisresearchsuggeststhatpeoplemayoftengetpickedbecauseteammembersfeel____42____withthem,”saidCynthiaMaupin,assistantprofessoroforganizationalbehaviorandleadershipinBinghamtonUniversity’sSchoolofManagement.“Peoplemaybewillingto____43____abitintermsofperformanceinordertohaveareallypositiveteamexperience.”MaupinandhercolleaguesfocusedonagroupofMBAstudentstoconducttheirstudy.Studentswere____44____assignedtoteamsatthebeginningofthesemestertoworkonclassprojectsandassignments.Towardtheendofthesemesterstudentswereaskedtoformtheirownteamsand____45____whytheyselectedeachmemberoftheirgroup.“Wewantedtofindoutwhatpeopledidto____46____toothersthattheymightbesomeonewhowouldbegoodtoteamupwithinthefuture,”Maupinsaid.Theresearchers____47____lookedathowstudentssignaledtheirhumancapital,theabilitytodotheirtaskswell,andtheirsocialcapital,the____48____towhichtheywerefriendlyandtrustworthy,tootherstudentsbystudyingtheiruseofeitherchallengingorsupportivevoice:●Challengingvoice:Communicatinginawaythatchallengesthepresentcircumstancesandis____49____newideasandefficiency.●Supportivevoice:Communicatinginawaythat_____50_____socialtiesandtrust,andbuildsfriendlyunityofateam.Theresearchersfoundthatpeoplewho_____51_____bothabilities,throughtheuseofchallengingvoice,andtrustworthiness,throughtheuseofsupportivevoice,werethemostin-demandpeoplewhenitcameto_____52_____teams.“Asmightbeexpected,anyonewhowasverystrongintermsofsignalingboththeirhumanandsocialcapitalwereextremelysoughtafter.They’redoingalltherightthingsto_____53_____thatthey’rebothtrustworthyandagoodworker,”Maupinsaid.However,theresearchersfoundthatstudentswhoonlyexhibitedsocialcapitalthrough_____54_____voiceweremoresoughtafterthanthosewhoonlysignaledtheirabilitythroughtheuseofchallengingvoice.“Ourfindingssuggestthatwhenpeoplefeelliketheycantrustyou,evenifyou’renot_____55_____thebestworker,they’regoingtobemorelikelytowanttoworkwithyou,”Maupinsaid.“Theyknowthattherearelikelytobefewerinterpersonalissuesinthatcase.”41.A.qualified B.selected C.examined D.accounted42.A.dissatisfied B.favourite C.permanent D.comfortable43.A.sacrifice B.exchange C.prohibit D.contribute44.A.deliberately B.originally C.randomly D.purposefully45.A.bargain B.assess C.negotiate D.neglect46.A.signal B.contribute C.devote D.manage47.A.indefinitely B.frequently C.considerably D.specifically48.A.occasion B.mission C.degree D.opinion49.A.engagedin B.focusedon C.gottenacross D.takenoff50.A.adjusts B.decreases C.monitors D.strengthens51.A.exhibited B.developed C.evaluated D.concealed52.A.separating B.dominating C.assembling D.maintaining53.A.establish B.resolve C.analyze D.estimate54.A.challenging B.moderate C.healthful D.supportive55.A.doubtfully B.necessarily C.questionably D.fortunately【答案】41.B42.D43.A44.C45.B46.A47.D48.C49.B50.D51.A52.C53.A54.D55.B【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。文章講述研究表明在組建團(tuán)隊(duì)方面，友好和值得信賴往往是比能力更重要的因素，那些表現(xiàn)出可信賴的人，在組建團(tuán)隊(duì)時(shí)是最受歡迎的人，當(dāng)人們覺得他們可以信任你時(shí)，即使你不一定是最好的員工，他們也會更愿意和你一起工作?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們認(rèn)為人們被挑選到重要的特別工作組和團(tuán)隊(duì)是因?yàn)樗麄儙淼闹R、技能和能力。A.qualified取得資格；B.selected挑選；C.examined仔細(xì)檢查；D.accounted解釋。根據(jù)下文“becauseoftheknowledge,skillsandabilitiestheybringtothetable”可推斷，人們因?yàn)樗麄兊闹R，技能和能力被挑選到重要的特別工作組和團(tuán)隊(duì)。故選B。【42題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這項(xiàng)研究表明，人們可能經(jīng)常被選中是因?yàn)閳F(tuán)隊(duì)成員覺得舒適。A.dissatisfied不滿足的；B.favourite最喜歡的；C.permanent永久的；D.comfortable舒適的。根據(jù)上文“friendlinessandtrustworthinessareoftenmoreimportantfactorsthanability(友好性和可信度往往是比能力更重要的因素)”以及however表示與前文“becauseoftheknowledge,skillsandabilitiestheybringtothetable”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可推斷，此處表示人們經(jīng)常被選中是因?yàn)樗麄冏屓藗兏杏X舒適。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：人們可能愿意在表現(xiàn)方面犧牲一點(diǎn)，以獲得一個(gè)真正積極的團(tuán)隊(duì)體驗(yàn)。A.sacrifice犧牲；B.exchange交換；C.prohibit禁止；D.contribute奉獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文“inordertohaveareallypositiveteamexperience”可推斷，為了有積極的團(tuán)隊(duì)體驗(yàn)，人們愿意做出一點(diǎn)犧牲。故選A。【44題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在學(xué)期開始時(shí)，學(xué)生們被隨機(jī)分配到不同的小組，進(jìn)行課堂項(xiàng)目和作業(yè)。A.deliberately有意地；從容地；B.originally起初；C.randomly隨意地；隨機(jī)地;D.purposefully有明確目標(biāo)地。根據(jù)下文“Towardtheendofthesemester,studentswereaskedtoformtheirownteams”可推斷，學(xué)生們是隨機(jī)分組的。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在學(xué)期結(jié)束時(shí)，學(xué)生們被要求組成他們自己的團(tuán)隊(duì)并評估他們?yōu)槭裁催x擇小組中的每個(gè)成員。A.bargain交易；B.assess評估；C.negotiate協(xié)商；談判；D.neglect忽視。根據(jù)下文“whytheyselectedeachmemberoftheirgroup”可知，學(xué)生們要給出評價(jià)，給出為什么選擇他們小組的成員的理由。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“我們想要弄清楚，人們?nèi)绾蜗蛩耸疽?，表明他們可能是未來適合合作的人，”莫平說。A.signal發(fā)信號；示意；B.contribute做貢獻(xiàn)；C.devote奉獻(xiàn)；D.manage設(shè)法；管理。根據(jù)下文“howstudentssignaledtheirhumancapital”可知，人們向他們示意，自己是未來適合合作的人。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：研究人員通過研究學(xué)生們使用挑戰(zhàn)性或支持性的聲音專門觀察了學(xué)生如何向其他學(xué)生展示他們的人力資本、完成任務(wù)的能力，以及他們的社會資本、他們的友好和值得信任的程度。A.indefinitely不明確地；B.frequently頻繁地；C.considerably相當(dāng)；非常；D.specifically特意地；專門地。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)ookedathowstudentssignaledtheirhumancapital,theabilitytodotheirtaskswell,andtheirsocialcapital”可推斷，這些是研究人員專門觀察的事情。故選D。【48題詳解】考查名詞詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.occasion機(jī)會；場合；B.mission職責(zé)；使命；C.degree程度；D.opinion意見。根據(jù)下文“bystudyingtheiruseofeitherchallengingorsupportivevoice(通過研究他們使用的具有挑戰(zhàn)性或支持性的聲音)”可推斷，此處說的是他們所表現(xiàn)出來的對他人的友好和值得信任的程度。故選C。【49題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：具有挑戰(zhàn)的聲音：以一種挑戰(zhàn)當(dāng)前環(huán)境的方式進(jìn)行交流，集中在新的想法和效率上。A.engagedin忙于；參與；B.focusedon集中；C.gottenacross被理解；D.takenoff脫下。根據(jù)上文“challengesthepresentcircumstances”可推斷，挑戰(zhàn)性聲音挑戰(zhàn)當(dāng)前環(huán)境，集中在新的想法和效率上。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：支持性聲音：以加強(qiáng)社會關(guān)系和信任的方式進(jìn)行溝通，并發(fā)展團(tuán)隊(duì)的友好團(tuán)結(jié)。A.adjusts調(diào)整；適應(yīng)；B.decreases減少；C.monitors監(jiān)視；監(jiān)控；D.strengthens加強(qiáng)；鞏固。根據(jù)下文“andbuildsfriendlyunityofateam(發(fā)展團(tuán)隊(duì)的友好團(tuán)結(jié))”可推斷，上下文是并列關(guān)系，因此推斷此處說的是鞏固社會關(guān)系和信任。故選D。【51題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些通過使用挑戰(zhàn)的聲音表現(xiàn)出兩種能力的人，和通過使用支持的聲音表現(xiàn)出可信賴的人，在組建團(tuán)隊(duì)時(shí)是最受歡迎的人。A.exhibited展覽；展示；B.developed發(fā)展；C.evaluated估計(jì)；D.concealed隱藏；隱瞞。根據(jù)下文“throughtheuseofchallengingvoice”可知，通過具有挑戰(zhàn)的聲音人們展示出兩種能力。故選A。【52題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些通過使用挑戰(zhàn)的聲音表現(xiàn)出兩種能力的人，和通過使用支持的聲音表現(xiàn)出可信賴的人，在組建團(tuán)隊(duì)時(shí)是最受歡迎的人。A.separating分開；B.dominating控制；C.assembling聚集；組裝；D.maintaining維持；保持。根據(jù)第一段的“whenitcomestoteamassembly”可知，此處說的是組建團(tuán)隊(duì)。故選C。【53題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們做了所有正確的事情來證明他們是值得信賴的好員工。A.establish建立，證明；B.resolve決定；決心；C.analyze分析；D.estimate估計(jì)。根據(jù)上文“Asmightbeexpected,anyonewhowasverystrongintermsofsignalingboththeirhumanandsocialcapitalwereextremelysoughtafter.(正如我們所預(yù)料的，那些善于表達(dá)自己的人力和社會資本的人都是最搶手的)”可推知，他們做了正確的事情來證實(shí)自己是可信賴的好員工。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些只通過支持的聲音表現(xiàn)出社會資本的學(xué)生比那些通過挑戰(zhàn)的聲音表明自己能力的學(xué)生更受歡迎。A.challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的；B.moderate適中的；C.healthful有益于健康的；D.supportive支持的。根據(jù)下文“thanthosewhoonlysignaledtheirabilitythroughtheuseofchallengingvoice”可推斷，此處與使用挑戰(zhàn)性的聲音的方式表明能力的學(xué)生進(jìn)行比較，表示使用支持性的聲音表現(xiàn)社會資本的學(xué)生。故選D。【55題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的研究結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)人們覺得他們可以信任你時(shí)，即使你不一定是最好的員工，他們也會更愿意和你一起工作。A.doubtfully懷疑地；含糊地；B.necessarily必要地；不可避免地；C.questionably可疑地；D.fortunately幸運(yùn)地。根據(jù)上文“Theresearchersfound…throughtheuseofsupportivevoice,werethemostin-demandpeoplewhenitcameto____12____teams.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)……通過使用支持的聲音表現(xiàn)出可信賴的人，在組建團(tuán)隊(duì)時(shí)是最受歡迎的人)”可推斷，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)人們信任你時(shí)，即使你不是最好的員工，他們也愿意和你合作。notnecessarily不一定；未必。故選B。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Earlyon,byagenineperhaps,Idiscoveredmypassionforbothreadingan