2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit24SocietyPeriodThreeLesson3AChangingWorld學(xué)案含解析北師大版選修8

PAGEUnit24SocietyPeriodThreeLesson3Ⅰ.重點單詞1．castvt.投下2．undertakevt.著手做，從事3．squeezevt.擠4．mopn.拖把vt.用拖把拖5．relayvt.轉(zhuǎn)達；傳送6．editionn.版本→editvt.編輯→editorn.編輯7．rectangularadj.長方形的→rectanglen.長方形8．fragrantadj.有香味的→fragrancen.香味9．thirstn.口渴→thirstyadj.口渴的10．containern.容器→containvt.容納，包含11．spoonfuln.一匙之量→spoonn.匙，調(diào)羹Ⅱ.核心短語1．flock_to_someplace涌到某處2．leave_a_deep_impression_on_sb.給某人留下深刻印象3．keep_control_over對……加以限制4．keep_an_eye_on留神；照看5．no_doubt毫無疑問6．godown下降，下跌7．turningpoint轉(zhuǎn)折點8．walkup沿著……走9．dateback(to)始于，追溯到10．haveathirstfor對……的渴望11．morethan不僅僅；超過；特別Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式1．make＋賓語＋賓補Theywerethenabletoplaceguardsattheentrancesofthevarioushutongs,whichmadeiteasiertokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements.之后，他們派衛(wèi)兵把守著各條胡同的入口，這樣做使他們更簡單監(jiān)視人們的舉動。2．狀語從句的省略TheycanalsostopunderastonearchandwatchthehutongworldgobywhileenjoyingaplateofBeijing'sbest“PekingDuck”orsatisfyingtheirthirstwithacoldTsingtaobeer.他們還可以在一座石拱橋下停下來，品嘗一盤北京最聞名的“北京烤鴨”或喝上一杯冰爽解渴的青島啤酒，欣賞著胡同的世界從歲月中消逝。課文預(yù)讀[以上部分譯文]A每年成千上萬的游客帶著最新版《孤獨星球》中國旅游指南涌向中國。他們來看長城和故宮的壯美景色，但經(jīng)常是那些胡同給他們留下最深的印象，因為透過難得一見的胡同，游客能看到中國的過去。胡同——很多條連接四合院的小巷子——是中國古代建筑的一大特色，今日仍舊能在中國少數(shù)幾個城市的老城角落里見到。然而，北京的胡同特別聞名，因為它有數(shù)千條?，F(xiàn)在，“胡同”這個詞不僅僅指連接四合院的小巷子，它還指四合院本身，甚至包括住在四合院里的人們。B北京的胡同大部分建于13至19世紀(jì)的元、明、清三個朝代。為了維持對整個城市的統(tǒng)治，那些朝代的皇帝們把北京城的不同地區(qū)劃分成整整齊齊的四合院院落。他們派士兵把守著胡同的入口，這樣做使他們簡單監(jiān)視人們的舉動?；始夜氽。醋辖?，在北京城的正中心，貴族與富豪的府邸位于距離皇宮最近的胡同，一般老百姓住在離皇宮較遠的胡同。[以上部分譯文]C胡同不僅使家家戶戶相通，事實上不管是富人還是一般人，他們的生活都被胡同聯(lián)系起來了。因為四合院的房子門對門圍繞院子四面建成，所以生活在那里的人都成為彼此生活中重要的一部分。他們相互扶持，同甘共苦，更不用說共享菜譜、借用拖把和一起點香了。孩子們在院子里一起玩耍，也正因為有了胡同，方圓好幾里的四合院被連接起來，構(gòu)成了人們一起工作、一起消遣、一起生活的網(wǎng)絡(luò)——一個真正的社區(qū)。D到了清朝末年，中國的經(jīng)濟受到政治局勢的不良影響，北京胡同的狀況也每況愈下。為了容納新增的人口，很多新胡同都是草草建成，質(zhì)量欠佳。中華人民共和國成立以后狀況有了轉(zhuǎn)機，胡同的條件得到了很大的改善，政府對很多早期的胡同進行了修繕和愛護。E胡同仍舊是北京生活的一個重要的部分，難怪游客們寵愛胡同。他們可以在900年前修建的三廟街漫步，或徜徉在最長達兩千米的絨線胡同，或側(cè)身擠過最窄處只有40厘米的錢市胡同！他們還可以在石拱門下停留，享受一盤最好的北京烤鴨或一杯解渴的冰鎮(zhèn)青島啤酒的同時，望著這胡同世界緩緩而過。胡同不僅連通了北京的街道和社區(qū)，它還聯(lián)系著北京的過去和現(xiàn)在，它證明白北京的確是一座古老而現(xiàn)代的城市。課文理解TaskOne：FastreadingⅠ.ThepassagemainlyintroducessomethingaboutBeijing's_Hutongs.Ⅱ.Matchthemainideawitheachparagraph.Para.AA．BadtimesforhutongsPara.BB．WhenandwhyhutongswerebuiltPara.CC．What'shutong?Para.DD．Beijing'shutongstodayPara.EE．Connectinglives答案：ParaA—CParaB—BParaC—EParaD—AParaE—DⅢ.Judgethefollowingstatementstrue(T)orfalse(F)．1．Touristsdon'tlikehutongs.(F)2．WealthypeoplelivedinhutongsclosetotheForbiddenCity.(T)3．TheconditionsinBeijing'shutongsworsenedattheendoftheQingDynasty.(T)4．SanmiaoStreetisthelongesthutonginBeijing.(F)5．TheSanmiaoStreetinBeijingis900yearsold.(T)TaskTwo：CarefulreadingReadthetextandthenchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1．WhatdeeplyimpressesthetouristsflockingtoBeijing?A．TheGreatWall.B．TheForbiddenCity.C．HutongsinBeijing.D．MuseumsandBridges.答案：C2．EveryyearthousandsoftouristscometoBeijingto______.A．tasteBeijing'sbest“PekingDuck”B．walkthroughBeijing'shutongsC．visittheGreatWallandtheForbiddenCityD．playandliveinthecourtyards答案：C3．Wecanseethatthepopulationrosequickly________.A．intheYuanDynastyB．intheMingDynastyC．a(chǎn)ttheendoftheQingDynastyD．in1949答案：C4．Theplacewherepeoplelivedwaslikearealcommunitybecauseof________.A．thehutongsB．therectangularcourtyardsC．theneatblocksofhousesD．thepreservationofthehutongs答案：A5．TheconditionsinBeijing'shutongsoncewentdownbecause________.A．theEmperorstoppedrepairingthemB．thepoliticalsituationaffectedChina'seconomyC．thepopulationincreasedquicklyD．noonewasinterestedinthem答案：BTaskThree：MicrowritingReadthetextcarefullyandfillinthefollowingblanks.Everyyear__1__(thousand)oftouristsflocktoChinawiththelatesteditionofChina's“LonelyPlanet”guidebookintheirhands.Butoftenitisthehutongs__2__leavethestrongest__3__(impress).Hutongs—themanylittle__4__(alley)thatconnecttherectangularcourtyardsoftraditionalhouses—are__5__featureofancientChinese.By__6__(connect)people'shomes,thehutongsinfactconnectedpeople'slives.Theysupportedeachotherandsharedthejoy__7__sadnessofeverydaylife,nodoubtsharingrecipes,borrowingmops,andburningfragrantincensetogether.TowardstheendoftheQingDynasty,theconditionsinBeijing'shutongswentdownasthepoliticalsituationcastadarkcloud__8__China'seconomy.The__9__(turn)pointcamewhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawassetup.Conditionsimprovedagreatdealandthegovernmentundertookthepreservationofmanyoftheoldesthutongs.HutongsarestillanimportantpartofBeijinglifeanditisnot__10__(surprise)thattouristslovethehutongs.1．thousands2.that3.impression4.alleys5.a6．connecting7.and8.on9.turning10.surprising1eq\a\vs4\al(castvt.投；擲；拋)(教材P38)TowardstheendoftheQingDynasty,theconditionsinBeijing'shutongswentdownasthepoliticalsituationcastadarkcloudonChina'seconomy.清代末期，由于惡化的政治形勢使中國經(jīng)濟日趨衰敗，北京胡同的狀況也衰落了。eq\x(\a\al(castout趕走，驅(qū)除,castaside拋棄，丟棄,castaway船遇難時丟下某人常用于被動語態(tài),castdown使懊喪，使悲觀常用于被動語態(tài),castashadow/cloudon/oversth.給……投下一層陰影,castalook/glanceatsb./sth.向……看一眼,castsb.intoprison把某人投入監(jiān)獄))[即學(xué)即用](1)Thefishermancastasecondnetintothewater.漁民又往河里撒了一張網(wǎng)。(2)Ijustcast_a_glance_attheheadline.我掃了一眼標(biāo)題。(3)Don'tcast_awaytheseoldpapers;theymightbeuseful.別丟掉這些舊報紙；它們或許會有用。(4)Shewascast_downforseveraldaysaftersheheardthebadnews.聽到噩耗，她懊喪了好幾天。(5)Thefellowwassaidtohavebeencast_into_prison.據(jù)說那個年輕人被投入監(jiān)獄。(6)Therumorcast_a_cloud/shadow_on/overthemayor'svisit.謠言給市長的訪問投下了陰影。2eq\a\vs4\al(undertakevt.著手做，從事；擔(dān)當(dāng)，接受)(教材P38)Conditionsimprovedagreatdealandthegovernmentundertookthepreservationofmanyoftheoldesthutongs.狀況大為改觀，政府對很多最古老的胡同進行了修繕和愛護。undertakesth.從事/擔(dān)當(dāng)某事；著手做某事undertaketodosth.承諾/答應(yīng)做某事undertakethat...保證……[即學(xué)即用](1)Iwouldratherundertakesomepurposefullabourthanstayidle.我寧可做些有意義的勞動也不愿閑待著。(2)Ifyouundertake_the_project,_youareboundtoencounterdifficulties.假如你承接這項工程的話，免不了會遇到很多困難。(3)Iwillundertake_to_feedyourdogswhileyouareaway.你不在家時我答應(yīng)替你喂狗。(4)He_undertook_thathewouldpayitback.他答應(yīng)會把它還回來。3eq\a\vs4\al(squeezevt.擠；擠過；壓榨)(教材P38)TheycanwalkupSanmiaoStreet,whichdatesback900years,wanderdownRongxian—thelongesthutongat2kmorsqueezethroughQianshi—thenarrowestatonly40cmwide!他們可以沿著900年前修建的三廟街漫步，或徜徉在長達2千米的最長的胡同——絨線胡同，或側(cè)身擠過最窄處只有40厘米的錢市胡同！eq\x(\a\al(squeezein/into擠入；硬塞進,squeezeoutof榨取,squeezethrough擠過，牽強通過,squeezeup使擠緊；使靠攏))[即學(xué)即用](1)Ifyoumoveforwardalittle,Icansqueezepast.假如你朝前挪一挪，我就可以擠過去了。(2)Hetookoffhiswetclothesandsqueezed_the_water_out.他脫下濕衣服，擰干了水。(3)Fiveofussqueezed_intothebackseatofthecar.我們中有五人擠進了汽車的后座。1leavea(n)．..impressiononsb.留下……的印象(教材P38)TheycometoseethegrandsightsoftheGreatWallandtheForbiddenCitybutoftenitisthehutongsthatleavethestrongestimpression,astheyoffertravellersarareviewintoChina'spast.他們特意來看長城和紫禁城的壯美景色，但給他們印象最深的經(jīng)常是那些胡同，因為透過胡同，游客有幸能窺見中國的過去。(1)leave/makea(n)．..impression(on/uponsb.)(給某人)留下……印象get/haveagood/badimpressionofsb./sth.對某人/某物的印象好/不好(2)impressv.賜予……印象；使牢記impresssb.給某人留下印象impresssth.on/uponsb.使某人牢記某事impresssb.withsth.某事物賜予某人深刻印象beimpressedby/at/with為……所感動；對……有印象[即學(xué)即用](1)Whathesaidmade/leftadeepimpressiononthestudents.他說的話給學(xué)生們留下了深刻的印象。(2)IhadthedistinctimpressionthatIwasbeingwatched.我很明顯地感覺到有人在監(jiān)視我。(3)Myfatherimpressedonmetheimportanceofhardwork.我父親要我牢記努力工作的重要性。(4)單句語法填空①TheteacherimpressedtheimportanceofEnglishupon/onme.②Myfirstimpression(impress)ofhimwasthathewasthoughtful.③Arrivinglatecan'tleaveaveryfavorableimpression(impress)．2eq\a\vs4\al(morethan不僅僅，多于，特別，特別)(教材P38)Nowadays,theword“hutong”hascometomeanmorethanjustthealleysthatconnectthecourtyards.而現(xiàn)在，“胡同”這個詞不僅僅指連接四合院的小巷子。more...than...與其說……倒不如說……，中間接形容詞原級。nomorethan僅僅，只有，有劇烈表示少的意思，相當(dāng)于only。notmorethan不超過，不多于，頂多，至多，用在數(shù)字前面。morethanone...不止一個……，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。[即學(xué)即用](1)Kateismorethanateacher.Shealsodoeswhatshecantotakecareofherpupils.凱特不僅僅是位老師，她還盡其所能地照看她的學(xué)生。(2)More_thantenpolicementurnedupatthespotwheretheaccidenthappened.十多位警察出現(xiàn)在事故地點。(3)Itismoreastreamthanariver.與其說它是一條河，不如說它是一條小溪。(4)Hiswholeschooleducationaddeduptono_more_thanoneyear.他所受的學(xué)校教化加起來總共不超過一年。(5)The_more,_the_better.多多益善。(6)More_and_morepeopleareusingtheInternet.越來越多的人在運用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。(7)Shewasmore_than_alittleshakenbytheexperience.這次經(jīng)驗對她產(chǎn)生了極大的震撼。3eq\a\vs4\al(keepaneyeon親密凝視；照看，照料；留神，留意)(教材P38)Theywerethenabletoplaceguardsattheentrancesofthevarioushutongs,whichmadeiteasiertokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements.之后，他們派衛(wèi)兵把守著各條胡同的入口，這樣做使他們更簡單監(jiān)視人們的舉動。haveaneyefor...對……有鑒賞眼光keepone'seyesopenfor...留心……；警覺……keepback阻擋，抵制；扣下；隱瞞keepout使不入內(nèi)keepup保持，接著，持續(xù)keepupwith不落后，趕上keepitup保持優(yōu)秀成果；接著干下去[即學(xué)即用](1)KeepaneyeonmysuitcasewhileIbuymyticket.我買票時，請留神看著我的箱子。(2)TheChinesegovernmentiskeeping_an_eye_oninflation.中國政府在親密關(guān)注通貨膨脹。(3)Foodproductionisnotkeeping_up_withpopulation.糧食生產(chǎn)沒有跟上人口增長。(4)Neitherofthemistellingthewholetruth.Obviously,theykeepsomethingback.他們兩個都沒有完全講實話，明顯他們隱瞞了什么。4eq\a\vs4\al(nodoubt無疑；很可能)(教材P38)Theysupportedeachotherwhenhelpwasneededandsharedthejoyandsadnessofeverydaylife,nodoubtsharingrecipes...當(dāng)須要幫助時，他們相互支持，共同共享生活中的喜悅與苦惱，更不用說共享菜譜……(1)indoubt不確定地；不愿定地beyond/withoutdoubt無疑；確定地(2)Thereisnodoubtthat...毫無疑問……Thereissomedoubtwhether...是否……是有疑問的。留意：在確定句中，doubt后面一般接whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句或whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句；在否定句或疑問句中，doubt后面接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句或同位語從句。[即學(xué)即用](1)Myroommatescannodoubtrememberhoursspentcleaningthehouse.我的室友們無疑會記起那些打掃房間的時間。(2)There_is_no_doubt_thatthiscandidate'sadvantageliesinhisabilitytocommunicatewithforeignersinEnglish.毫無疑問，這位求職者的優(yōu)點在于能夠用英語與外國人進行溝通。(3)There_is_some_doubt_whetherhewillbeelected.他是否能當(dāng)選還不太確定。(4)Thefutureofthepeaceisin_doubt.和平前途未卜。(5)Joeiswithout/beyond_doubtoneofthebestplayersintheschool.毫無疑問喬是學(xué)校里最優(yōu)秀的選手之一。5eq\a\vs4\al(datebackto始于，追溯到＝datefrom)(教材P38)TheycanwalkupSanmiaoStreet,whichdatesback900years,wanderdownRongxian—thelongesthutongat2kmorsqueezethroughQianshi—thenarrowestatonly40cmwide!他們可以在900年前修建的三廟街漫步，或徜徉在最長達兩千米的絨線胡同，或側(cè)身擠過最窄處只有40厘米的錢市胡同！[即學(xué)即用](1)Thechurchdatesfromthe13thcentury.這座教堂可追溯到13世紀(jì)。(2)Myfamilyhasanoldvase,whichissaidtodate_back_totheMingDynasty.我家有一個古老的花瓶，據(jù)說可追溯到明朝。(3)Wehaven'tgotfurtherinformationto_date.到目前為止，我們尚未獲得進一步的消息。(4)Wearegoingtovisitanoldtempledating_from/back_totheHanDynasty.我們準(zhǔn)備去參觀漢代的一座古廟。(5)Thestyleofhishairisout_of_date,_whichdoesn'tgowithhisfashionableclothes.他的發(fā)型過時了，這和他新潮的穿著不匹配。eq\o(\s\up1(1),\s\do5())教材P38Theywerethenabletoplaceguardsattheentrancesofthevarioushutongs，whichmadeiteasiertokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements.之后，他們派衛(wèi)兵把守著各條胡同的入口，這樣做使他們更簡單監(jiān)視人們的舉動。本句是一個主從復(fù)合句，which引導(dǎo)了非限制性定語從句，指代前面主句的內(nèi)容；該從句中出現(xiàn)了it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是不定式tokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements。1“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”是一個常用句式。假如make后的賓語是不定式或that從句或動名詞，賓語補足語是形容詞或名詞，這時往往把形式賓語it放在賓語的位置上，把真正的賓語放在后面。2與make這一用法相同的常用動詞還有：find，feel，think，consider等。[即學(xué)即用](1)Youmayfeelitcomfortabletosithere.你會發(fā)覺坐在這里很舒適。(2)Youmaydependonitthatweshallalwayshelpyou.盡管放心，我們會隨時幫你的。(3)單句語法填空①Doyouthinkitpossibleto_finish(finish)theworkontime?②Weconsideritawasteoftimeandmoneytogoonwiththeproject.eq\o(\s\up1(2),\s\do5())教材P38TheycanalsostopunderastonearchandwatchthehutongworldgobywhileenjoyingaplateofBeijing'sbest“PekingDuck”orsatisfyingtheirthirstwithacoldTsingtaobeer.他們還可以在一座石拱橋下停下來，品嘗一盤北京最聞名的“北京烤鴨”或喝上一杯冰爽解渴的青島啤酒，欣賞著胡同的世界從歲月中消逝。句中whileenjoying...是whiletheyareenjoying...的省略形式。在while，when，if，unless，though，assoonas等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若狀語從句的主語是it或其主語與主句主語一樣，且謂語含有be動詞時，從句主語連同be動詞可省略。[即學(xué)即用](1)While(wewere)visitingtheartexhibition,wediscussedthegreatartists'works.在參觀藝術(shù)展期間，我們探討了宏大藝術(shù)家的作品。(2)Workhardwhen_(you_are)_young,_oryou'llregret.趁年輕努力工作，否則你會懊悔的。(3)If_(it_is)_necessary,_youcanrefertothedictionary.假如有必要的話，你可以參考詞典。(4)單句語法填空①Evenifinvited(invite),Iwon't