2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit1FestivalsandCelebrationsSectionⅠListeningandSpeakingReadingandThinking學(xué)案含解析新人教版必修第三冊(cè)

PAGEUNIT1FESTIVALSANDCELEBRATIONSTheenthusiasticBrazilianCarnivalTheannualCarnivalinBrazilisauniquefestival.Itisalsothemostimportantethnic-celebration.ItcomesbetweentheendofFebruaryandthebeginningofMarcheveryyear.Hundredsofthousandsoftouristsfromoverseaswereattractedtojointhefeastofrejoicing.Themain“course”ofthecarnivalistheSamba.MonthsbeforetheCarnival,someprofessionalSambaschoolswillsetouttocomposemusic,rehearsedancesanddesigncostumesaccordingtothecurrentthemeoftheCarnival.TheCarnivalishighlightedwiththeSambacompetitions,whereeverySambaschoolwouldsendthousandsofdancerstoparticipate.Everyschoolhas90minutestodemonstratetheirperformanceandhavethemgradedbyexperts.ThewinnerisgivenonemillionUSdollars.GenerallytheticketsfortheSambacompetitionwouldbesoldoutamonthinadvance.SevenhundredthousandtouristsswarmedthecoastalcityofRiodeJaneiroforCarnival.Whoevertheyare—poororrich,celebratedorordinarypeople—theyarealljustdancers,dayandnight.開(kāi)啟快樂(lè)學(xué)習(xí)之旅激情四射的巴西狂歡節(jié)在巴西，一年一度的狂歡節(jié)是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的節(jié)日，也是最重要的民族慶典，于每年2月底至3月初實(shí)行，吸引著海外多數(shù)游客前往盡享樂(lè)宴。狂歡節(jié)的“主菜”是桑巴舞表演?？駳g節(jié)起先前的幾個(gè)月，一些專(zhuān)業(yè)的桑巴舞學(xué)校便會(huì)依據(jù)當(dāng)年的狂歡節(jié)主題著手制作音樂(lè)、編排舞蹈并設(shè)計(jì)服飾。桑巴舞大賽是狂歡節(jié)的高潮，每所桑巴舞學(xué)校都會(huì)出動(dòng)數(shù)千名舞者參賽，各校有90分鐘的時(shí)間進(jìn)行表演，由專(zhuān)家評(píng)定成果，獲勝者可以得到100萬(wàn)美元。通常，桑巴舞競(jìng)賽的入場(chǎng)券會(huì)在一個(gè)月前就售光。70萬(wàn)游客奔著狂歡節(jié)涌入里約熱內(nèi)盧這個(gè)海濱城市。他們不分貧富貴賤，都只是舞者，日夜盡情跳舞。模塊核心素養(yǎng)導(dǎo)航SectionⅠListeningandSpeaking，ReadingandThinkingⅠ.重點(diǎn)單詞1．lanternn．燈籠；提燈2．costumen．(某地或某歷史時(shí)期的)服裝；戲裝3．marchvi.&n.行進(jìn)；前進(jìn)；示威游行4．congratulatevt.向(某人)道賀；(因某事)為自己感到驕傲→congratulationn．慶賀；恭喜5．riddlen．謎語(yǔ)；神奇事務(wù)6．ceremonyn．典禮；儀式7．rangen．一系列；范圍，界限vi.包括；(在肯定范圍內(nèi))改變8．originn．起源；起因；出身→originatevi.起源→originaladj.原來(lái)的；最初的n．原件；正本；原稿→originallyadv.原來(lái)；起初9．religionn．宗教；宗教信仰→religiousadj.宗教的；篤信宗教的10．figuren．人物；數(shù)字；身材vt.認(rèn)為；認(rèn)定11．charmn．魅力；迷人的特征；咒語(yǔ)→charmingadj.令人著迷的；迷人的；吸引人的12．joyn．興奮；喜悅→joyfuladj.興奮的；快樂(lè)的13．gratituden．感謝之情；感謝→gratefuladj.感謝的；表示感謝的14．harvestn．收獲季節(jié)；收獲；收成vi.&vt.收割(莊稼)；捕獵(動(dòng)物、魚(yú))15．a(chǎn)griculturen．農(nóng)業(yè)；農(nóng)藝→agriculturaladj.農(nóng)業(yè)的16．cropn．莊稼；作物；一季的收成17．gathervi.聚集；集合vt.聚集；搜集；收割→gatherern．采集者→gatheringn．聚集；聚會(huì)18．featurevt.以……為特色n．特色；特征；特點(diǎn)19．decoratevt.裝飾；裝潢→decorationn．裝飾物→decorativeadj.裝飾的20．churchn．(基督教的)教堂；禮拜堂21．significantadj.有重大意義的；顯著的→significancen．意義；含義；重要性22．fadevi.&vt.漸漸消逝；(使)褪色；(身體)變得虛弱23．typicaladj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的→typicallyadv.典型地，有代表性地；始終，一向→typen．類(lèi)型；種類(lèi)24．eviladj.邪惡的；有害的；罪惡的n．邪惡；罪惡；惡行25．commercialadj.商業(yè)(化)的；以獲利為目的的→commercialis(z)evt.使商業(yè)化；利用……牟利→commercialis(z)-ationn．商業(yè)化26．mediumn．(pl,media)媒介；手段；方法adj.中等的；中號(hào)的27．reflectvt.顯示；反映；反射→reflectionn．映像；思索；反映28．beliefn．信仰；信念；信任→disbeliefn．不信；懷疑；懷疑→believevt.&vi.信任29．faithn．宗教信仰；信任；信任→faithfuladj.忠實(shí)的→faithfullyadv.忠實(shí)地30．occasionn．特殊的事情(或儀式、慶典)；(適當(dāng)?shù)?機(jī)會(huì)Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．dress(sb.)up穿上盛裝；裝扮2．a(chǎn)fterall終歸；別忘了3．rangefrom...to...從……到……之間改變4．fadeaway漸漸消逝；(身體)變得虛弱5．inspiteof不管；盡管6．takeadvantageof利用；欺瞞；占……的便宜7．themedia大眾傳播媒介8．havesth.incommon(愛(ài)好、想法等方面)相同；有相同的特征9．takeplace實(shí)行；發(fā)生10．decorate...with...用……裝飾11．playarolein在……中起作用12．withthedevelopmentof隨著……的發(fā)展13．driveaway驅(qū)逐；驅(qū)車(chē)離開(kāi)Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)句型1．However，no_matter_howdifferenttheymayseem，allovertheworld，thespiritofsharingjoy，gratitude，love，orpeaceiscommoninallfestivals.然而，無(wú)論它們看起來(lái)多么不同，在這個(gè)世界上，共享快樂(lè)、感恩、愛(ài)或和平的精神是全部節(jié)日共有的。2．Onlineshoppingwebsitesandsocialmediaappshavemadeitmucheasierforthepublictospendmoreongiftsfortheirlovedones.在線購(gòu)物網(wǎng)站和社交媒體應(yīng)用程序讓公眾更簡(jiǎn)潔為他們心愛(ài)的人花更多的錢(qián)買(mǎi)禮物。3．Theyareoccasionsthatallowustorelaxandenjoylife，andforgetaboutourworkforalittlewhile.它們是讓我們放松，享受生活，短暫遺忘工作的機(jī)會(huì)。4．Andifyoustudyfestivalscarefully，youmaybesurprisedtofindthatdifferentculturesactuallyhavealotincommonafterall.假如你細(xì)致探討節(jié)日，你可能會(huì)驚異地發(fā)覺(jué)不同的文化其實(shí)有很多共同點(diǎn)。1congratulationn．慶賀；恭喜[典型例句]GiveOscarmycongratulations.請(qǐng)向奧斯卡轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)我的慶賀。Edwardofferedhiscongratulationstomyfamily.愛(ài)德華向我全家表示慶賀。[思維拓展]offer/sendone'scongratulationstosb.(onsth.)(為某事)向某人表示慶賀express/acceptone'scongratulations表示/接受某人的慶賀congratulatevt.向(某人)道賀；(因某事)為自己感到驕傲congratulatesb.on/upon(doing)sth.因(做)某事向某人慶賀congratulateoneselfonsth.為某事慶賀/感到興奮[易混辨析]congratulate,celebratecongratulate慶祝，慶賀。指對(duì)某人取得的成就或喜慶之事表示慶賀，其賓語(yǔ)是人，表示就某事慶賀某人時(shí)，常與介詞on搭配celebrate慶祝，慶賀。通常指實(shí)行盛大隆重的儀式來(lái)慶?；蚣o(jì)念有意義的日子或某件事情，多示意節(jié)日般的快樂(lè)場(chǎng)面，賓語(yǔ)為事務(wù)留意：(1)congratulation用于勝利、畢業(yè)、結(jié)婚等個(gè)人慶?；顒?dòng)，不用于節(jié)日致辭等。(2)表示詳細(xì)的慶賀或賀詞時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示抽象意義的慶賀時(shí)，一般用單數(shù)形式。Theyreceivedmanylettersofcongratulation.他們收到很多慶賀信。[即學(xué)即練]一句多譯我們慶賀你通過(guò)了高考。(1)CongratulationstoyouonyourpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.(congratulation)(2)Weoffer/sendourcongratulationstoyouonyourpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.(congratulation)(3)Wecongratulateyouon/uponyourpassingtheCollegeEntranceExamination.(congratulate)eq\o(\s\up7(2),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(rangen.一系列；范圍，界限vi.包括；在肯定范圍內(nèi)改變)[典型例句]Ihaveawiderangeofinterests.我有廣泛的愛(ài)好。Theanimalisstillbeyondrangeofmygun.那只動(dòng)物還在我的槍的射程之外。Hehasanumberofinterests，rangingfromplayingchesstoswimming.他的愛(ài)好很多，從下棋到游泳。[思維拓展]eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(awiderangeof一系列/各種……,afullrangeof各種……,in/withinrangeofsth.在射程以內(nèi)，在……范圍內(nèi),outof/beyondrangeofsth.在射程外，在……范圍外,outof/beyondone'srange＝outof/beyondtherange,ofsb.某人實(shí)力達(dá)不到的))eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(rangefrom...to...,rangebetween...and...))eq\a\vs4\al(在……范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)；,從……到……不等)[即學(xué)即練](1)Thechildwasnowoutofherrangeofvision.這孩子現(xiàn)在走出了她的視線。(2)Thereisafullrangeofactivitiesforchildren.有給孩子們供應(yīng)的各種活動(dòng)。(3)Shehashadanumberofdifferentjobs,rangingfromcheftoswimminginstructor.她做過(guò)很多不同的工作，從廚師到游泳教練。3eq\a\vs4\al(religionn.宗教；宗教信仰)[典型例句]IslamandBuddhismaretwoofthegreatreligionsoftheworld.伊斯蘭教和佛教是世界上的兩大宗教。Weshallnotgiveupthefreedomofreligion.我們絕不放棄宗教信仰自由。[思維拓展]religiousadj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔誠(chéng)的Thesetwocountrieshadthreereligiouswarsintwentyyears.這兩個(gè)國(guó)家在20年里發(fā)生過(guò)三次宗教上的沖突。[即學(xué)即練]Weshouldrespectthereligious(religion)activitiesofthelocalpeople.eq\o(\s\up7(4),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(figuren.人物；數(shù)字；身材；人影；身影vt.認(rèn)為；認(rèn)定)[典型例句]Temperaturesreacheddoublefiguresforthefirsttimethisspring，goingashighas14degrees.今年春天的溫度第一次達(dá)到了兩位數(shù)，高達(dá)14度。Isawthefigureofawomanbelowthebridge.我望見(jiàn)橋下有一個(gè)婦女的身影。Mostwomenhavetowatchtheirfigures.大多數(shù)婦女不得不留意體形。[思維拓展]keepone'sfigure保持體形figureout理解；解決IfIhaveamap，Icanfigureitout.假如我有一張地圖，我就能解決它。[圖解助記](méi)[即學(xué)即練]寫(xiě)出下列句中figure的含義(1)Hewasoneofthegreatfiguresinourcountry.人物(2)Lisawasveryfrightenedasshesawafigureinthedarkness.人影(3)Itwouldbeveryniceifwehadatruefigureofhowmanypeopleinthiscountryhaven'tgotajob.數(shù)字(4)Ifigurethathewasdrunkandshouldn'tbeallowedtodrive.認(rèn)為5eq\a\vs4\al(gathervi.聚集；集合vt.聚集；搜集；收割)[典型例句]Thousandsofpeoplegatheredoutsidetheembassy.大使館外面聚集了成千上萬(wàn)的人。Weareallexpectingthefamilygather.我們都很期盼這次家庭聚會(huì)。[思維拓展]gather(a)round聚集gathertogether聚在一起gathersth.up/together收攏分散的東西[即學(xué)即練]Hisfailureatthefirstattemptdidn'tdisappointhim.Instead,hegathered(gather)hiscourageandtriedasecondtime.6eq\a\vs4\al(gratefuladj.感謝的；表示感謝的)[典型例句]HewasextremelygratefultoGlodstoneforhissupport.他特別感謝格拉德斯通的支持。[思維拓展]begratefultosb.感謝某人begratefulforsth.感謝某事Iwouldbeverygratefulifyoucouldlendmeahand.假如你能幫我的忙，我將特別感謝。[即學(xué)即練]Don'ttakeitforgrantedthatyourbrothershouldhelpyououtoftrouble.Youshouldbegratefultohim.7eq\a\vs4\al(decoratevt.裝飾；裝潢)[典型例句]WedecoratedtheChristmastreewithlights.我們用燈來(lái)裝飾圣誕樹(shù)。I'mgoingtodecoratethebathroomnext.接下來(lái)我要裝修浴室。留意：decorate不接雙賓語(yǔ)，而采納decoratesth.withsth.結(jié)構(gòu)。Thewallwasdecoratedwithsomepictures.墻上裝飾著幾幅畫(huà)。[思維拓展]decorationn．裝飾；裝潢[即學(xué)即練]Ontheirweddingday,theirnewflatwasdecorated(decorate)withfreshflowersandballoons.8eq\a\vs4\al(significantadj.有重大意義的；顯著的)[典型例句]Yoursuccesstodaymaybesignificantforyourwholefuture.你今日的勝利對(duì)你的整個(gè)將來(lái)可能是重要的。Hegaveherasignificantlook.他意味深長(zhǎng)地看了她一眼。[思維拓展]significantlyadv.有重大意義地；明顯地；顯著地；意味深長(zhǎng)地Thecountry'seconomicstrengthhasincreasedsignificantly.這個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力已經(jīng)明顯增加。Shandong'slevelofutilizingforeigncapitalhasrisensignificantly.山東利用外資的水平已經(jīng)顯著提高。significancen．意義；意思；重要性；重要意義IthinkIhavecometounderstandthesignificanceofyourwork.我想我已慢慢了解了你的工作的意義。Heunderstandthesignificanceofmygesture.他明白了我打手勢(shì)的意思。Themeasuresthatourgovernmenthastakentocontroltherisinghousepriceareofgreatsignificanceinmanyaspectsinourcountry.我們政府調(diào)控房?jī)r(jià)上漲的措施在我國(guó)的很多方面都有著重大意義。[即學(xué)即練]MoststudentsthinkitimportanttojointheEnglishcorner,thoughafewhaven'trealizedthesignificance(significant)ofit.9eq\a\vs4\al(typicaladj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的)[典型例句]ThisisatypicalexampleofRomanpottery.這是一件典型的羅馬陶器。Itwastypicalofhimtobesorude.他一向都很無(wú)禮。[思維拓展]eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth.istypicalof...某物是……的典型,Itistypicalofsb.todosth.某人一向……))typicallyadv.典型地；一般地[即學(xué)即練]Samuelcan'thelphavingabignose—Itistypicalofhimtobecuriousaboutothers'affairs.10eq\a\vs4\al(reflectvt.顯示；反映；反射；思索)[典型例句]Ihavebeenreflectingonthematter.我始終在思索這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Hisfacewasreflectedinthemirror.他的臉映照在鏡子里。[思維拓展]reflecton/upon考慮，思索；給……帶來(lái)(壞)影響reflectsb./sth.insth.(指鏡子等)映出某人/物的影像reflectsth.fromsth.從某物(表面)反射(光、熱、聲等)reflectionn．反射；反照；反映；映像；倒影；深思belostinreflection陷入深思中onreflection經(jīng)過(guò)慎重的思索withoutreflection未經(jīng)考慮reflectiveadj.反射的；深思的reflectorn．反射器，反射鏡[圖解助記](méi)[即學(xué)即練](1)Helookedathisfacereflected_inthemirror.他看著鏡子中自己的臉。(2)Theheatreflectedfromthewhitesandformedamirage.熱氣經(jīng)白色的沙面反射形成蜃景。(3)Ineedtimetoreflectonyouroffer.我須要時(shí)間來(lái)考慮你的建議。11eq\a\vs4\al(beliefn.信仰；信念；信任)[典型例句]Thereisageneralbeliefthatthingswillsoongetbetter.大家普遍認(rèn)為狀況很快就會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)。Hehasgreatbeliefinhisdoctor.他對(duì)他的醫(yī)生無(wú)比信任。ShehaslostherbeliefinGod.她已不信任上帝。[思維拓展]havebeliefinsth./sb.對(duì)某事物/人的真實(shí)性和正確性所具有的信念beyondbelief令人難以置信popularbelief普遍的看法religious/politicalbeliefs宗教/政治信仰Itissb.'sbeliefthat...某人信任/認(rèn)為……[即學(xué)即練]Dissatisfactionwiththegovernmenthasgrownbeyondbelief.12eq\a\vs4\al(faithn.宗教信仰；信任；信任)[典型例句]Havingfaithinthemassesistherequirementbygovernment.信任群眾是對(duì)政府的要求。Undernocircumstanceshallwelosefaithinthefuture.在任何狀況下，我們都不該對(duì)將來(lái)失去信念。Faithcanmovemountains.[諺]精誠(chéng)所至，金石為開(kāi)。Ihavefaithinyou.我對(duì)你有信念。[思維拓展]keepfaithwith對(duì)……守信用eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(loseone'sfaith失去信仰,havefaithin信任……,losefaithin對(duì)……失去信念))faithlessadj.不忠誠(chéng)的，不行信任的faithfuladj.忠實(shí)的，忠誠(chéng)的faithfullyadv.忠誠(chéng)地，忠實(shí)地befaithfultosb./sth.忠于某人/某事[即學(xué)即練]Theheadmasterhasfaithinmyabilitytotakecareofthechildren.eq\o(\s\up7(13),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(occasionn.特殊的事情或儀式、慶典；適當(dāng)?shù)臋C(jī)會(huì))[典型例句]Ononeoccasion，shecalledmeinthemiddleofthenight.有一次她深更半夜打電話給我。Imeetheronoccasionatthecluborinthetheatre.我有時(shí)在俱樂(lè)部或劇院里會(huì)遇到她。[思維拓展]onoccasion有時(shí)；間或onthis/thatoccasion這/那次；在這/那種場(chǎng)合下ontheoccasionofsth.在(重要事務(wù))之際occasionaladj.偶然的occasionallyadv.間或[即學(xué)即練]Iwasnotathomeonthatoccasion.考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)一單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Weofferedourcongratulations(congratulate)tohimonhissuccessinbusiness.2．—Whatisthecostofyourskirtshere,sir?—Itdependsonwhichfashionyouwanttobuy,andthepricesrangefrom100dollarsto500dollars.3．Christian,BuddhismandHinduismarethemainreligions(religion)intheworld.4．ImerelydidthebestIcouldandtriedtofigureouthowtosolvetheproblemsIhadn'tlearnedinschool.5．Tokeepher(she)figure,shebeganeatingahealthierdietofmorefruitsandvegetables,andlessmeat.6．Thecloudsaregathering(gather)．Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.7．Weallfeelverygratefulforwhatyoudidforus.8．Thespaceissmallwithonlyafewdiningtablesandnearlynodecoration(decorate),buttheenvironmentistrulycharming.9．Thediscoveryofthenewdrugisofgreatsignificance(significant)topeoplesufferingfromheartproblems.10．Itistypicalofhimtotakehardjobs.11．Typically(typical),theyearlyaverageamountofmoneyspentonthechildren'seducationisgoingupwardsallthetime.12．Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection(reflect)．13．WheneverIreflecton/uponthosedaysIspentathome,Ican'thelpfeelinghappy.14．Theartistshadlittlefaithinthepoliticalleaderwhocametopowerafterthewar.1eq\a\vs4\al(dresssb.up穿上盛裝；裝扮)[典型例句]It'sasmallinformalparty—youdon'thavetodressup.這是個(gè)非正式的小型聚會(huì)——你不用穿得那么正式。Wedressedhimupasagorilla.我們把他裝扮成大猩猩。Shedressesupherhouselikeapalace.她把自己的家裝飾得像宮殿一樣。[思維拓展]dress(sb.)upas...(把某人)裝扮/裝扮成dresssth.up修飾某物dresssb.insth.給某人穿上……bedressedin穿……的衣服getdressed穿衣服[即學(xué)即練]AtChristmas,hedressedupasSantaClausandgaveoutgiftstochildren.2eq\a\vs4\al(afterall終歸；別忘了)[典型例句]Don'tgetdiscouragedbysetbacks;wearenewtotheworkafterall.別因挫折而灰心，終歸我們不熟識(shí)這項(xiàng)工作。Hedidcomeafterall.他終究還是來(lái)了。[思維拓展]atall根本；完全notatall一點(diǎn)也不inall總共，共計(jì)aboveall首先，最重要的是(強(qiáng)調(diào)諸多事物中最重要的)firstofall首先(強(qiáng)調(diào)次序)allinall總的來(lái)說(shuō)[即學(xué)即練](1)Helongsabove_alltoseehisfamilyagain.他尤其渴望再見(jiàn)到家人。(2)Firstofall,_letthemintroducethemselvestous.首先，讓他們向我們做自我介紹。(3)Allinall,_hedidn'tagreewithwhathissonsaid.總之，他沒(méi)同意他兒子所說(shuō)的話。(4)Hehasdoneitwell.Afterall,_heisonlyalearner.這件事他做得很好了，終歸，他只是個(gè)初學(xué)者。3eq\a\vs4\al(fadeaway漸漸消逝；身體變得虛弱)[典型例句]Thenthosememorieswillnotfadeawaywithinashortperiod.那么這些記憶就不會(huì)在短期內(nèi)消逝。Ifyoudon'tstarteatingproperlyyou'regoingtofadeaway.你假如不起先合理進(jìn)食，身體就會(huì)衰弱下去。[思維拓展]fadeout(聲音、畫(huà)面)漸漸模糊；漸淡fadein淡入；慢慢顯示出；使?jié)u強(qiáng)(指電影、電視中的畫(huà)面與聲音)fadeup漸強(qiáng)(指電視、廣播中的聲音)dieaway指(聲音、風(fēng)、光線等)漸漸消逝diedown指漸漸減弱，漸漸熄滅[即學(xué)即練](1)Thesoundhaddiedaway(或fadedout)．聲音已漸漸消逝了。(2)Itwasdarkandthenoisedieddown.天黑了，熱鬧聲漸漸消逝了。(3)Theshapesfadedawayintothenight.那些影子消逝在夜色中。4eq\a\vs4\al(inspiteof不管；盡管)[典型例句]Hereachedhisgoalsinspiteofhisdisability.盡管他有殘疾，他還是實(shí)現(xiàn)了他的目標(biāo)。Inspiteofhisoldage，hestilllivesanactivelife.盡管他年事已高，他照舊過(guò)著一種勞碌的生活。Theywentswimminginspiteofallthedangersigns.他們無(wú)視那些危急告示牌，還是去游泳了。[思維拓展]despite＝inspiteof盡管despitethefactthat不管……withoutregardto不考慮；不顧及regardless不管；不顧regardlessof不顧，不惜Thelawrequiresequaltreatmentforall,regardlessofrace,religion,orsex.這一法律要求公允對(duì)待每一個(gè)人，不管種族、宗教信仰或性別。[即學(xué)即練]Hedoeswellatschoolinspiteofhavingtodopart-timejobseverynowandthen.eq\o(\s\up7(5),\s\do5())eq\a\vs4\al(havesth.incommon愛(ài)好、想法等方面相同；有相同的特征)[典型例句]Tomysurprise,IfoundIhadalotincommonwiththisstranger.讓我驚異的是，我和這個(gè)生疏人有很多共同之處。IhavenothingincommonwithJane!我和簡(jiǎn)毫無(wú)共同之處！[思維拓展]havealot/much/agreatdealincommonwith與……有很多共同之處havenothing/littleincommonwith 與……沒(méi)有/很少有共同之處incommon共有；共同incommonwith與……一樣commonsense常識(shí)[即學(xué)即練]Incommonwithmosteducatedpeopleheprefersclassicalmusictojazz.考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)二單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Dressed(dress)inschooluniform,thestudentsaredoingmorningexercisesintheplayground.2．Littlegirlslovedressing(dress)upasanglesforthefestival.3．Don'texpecttopassthedrivingtestatyour/thefirstattempt.Afterall,_you'vebeenlearningtodriveforonlyacoupleofdays.4．Thesememoriesremainforashortperiodandwillfadeawaywithinoneortwodays.5．Inspiteofdifficulties,hesucceededinfinishinghistask.6．Incommonwithothermiddle-agedpeople,Ilikejogginginthemorning.eq\o(\s\up7(1),\s\do5())However，nomatterhowdifferenttheymayseem，allovertheworld，thespiritofsharingjoy，gratitude，love，orpeaceiscommoninallfestivals.然而，無(wú)論它們看起來(lái)多么不同，在這個(gè)世界上，共享快樂(lè)、感恩、愛(ài)或和平的精神是全部節(jié)日共有的。(1)句式分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。nomatterhowdifferenttheymayseem是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；thespiritofsharingjoy，gratitude，love，orpeaceiscommoninallfestivals是主句，是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。(2)句首的However是副詞，意為“但是；不過(guò)；然而”。however作此用法時(shí)，可置于句首、句中或句末，但必需與句子的其他成分用逗號(hào)分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。(3)句中nomatterhow引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“無(wú)論如何”“不管怎樣”，可替換為however。[思維拓展]“疑問(wèn)詞＋-ever”引導(dǎo)的從句：(1)whenever，wherever，however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhen/where/how。(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)相當(dāng)于nomatterwhat/who/which/whom。(3)“nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句前或主句后。However(＝Nomatterhow)hardyoushout，Grannywon'tbeabletohearyou.不管你叫得多響，奶奶都聽(tīng)不到你的聲音。Sailinginroughweathercanbeveryunpleasant.However，wefounditexciting.天氣不好的時(shí)候航行很可能不暢快。然而，我們卻覺(jué)得很刺激。[即學(xué)即練](1)Everyyear，whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.→Everyyear，nomatterwhomakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.(2)Whateverhappens，Iwillstandbyyou.→Nomatterwhathappens，Iwillstandbyyou.(3)Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw，heshouldbepunished.→Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.eq\o(\s\up7(2),\s\do5())Onlineshoppingwebsitesandsocialmediaappshavemadeitmucheasierforthepublictospendmoreongiftsfortheirlovedones.在線購(gòu)物網(wǎng)站和社交媒體應(yīng)用程序讓公眾更簡(jiǎn)潔為他們心愛(ài)的人花更多的錢(qián)買(mǎi)禮物。(1)句式分析：這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔句。主語(yǔ)是Onlineshoppingwebsitesandsocialmediaapps，謂語(yǔ)是havemade，it是形式賓語(yǔ)，easier是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，tospendmoreongiftsfortheirlovedones是真正的賓語(yǔ)。(2)“動(dòng)詞＋形式賓語(yǔ)it＋賓補(bǔ)＋真正的賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)：①能用于上述結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有make，think，find，believe，feel，consider；②賓補(bǔ)的兩種常見(jiàn)形式：形容詞、名詞(詞組)；③真正的賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)形式：不定式(短語(yǔ))、v.-ing(短語(yǔ))、that引導(dǎo)的從句。用v.-ing(短語(yǔ))作真正的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)通常是nouse，nogood，fun等；④當(dāng)真正的賓語(yǔ)為不定式時(shí)，不定式可有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，該邏輯主語(yǔ)用for引出。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的“形式賓語(yǔ)it＋賓補(bǔ)＋真正的賓語(yǔ)”有時(shí)可改寫(xiě)為賓語(yǔ)從句。Ifeelitourresponsibilitytoprotecttheenvironment.我認(rèn)為愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。Nomatterwhereheis，hemakesitaruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.無(wú)論他在哪兒，他都習(xí)慣在早餐前漫步。Hemadeitclearthathewantedmetostayforanotherweek.他清晰地表示他希望我能再待一周。Ifeelitnousequarrelingwithhimaboutit.我認(rèn)為為這事和他爭(zhēng)吵沒(méi)什么用。Itwastheculture，ratherthanthelanguage，thatmadeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenvironmentabroad.是文化，而不是語(yǔ)言，使得他很難適應(yīng)國(guó)外的新環(huán)境。Icanunderstandwhyastronautsfinditdifficulttoreadjusttolifeonearth.→Icanunderstandwhyastronautsfindthatitisdifficulttoreadjusttolifeonearth.我能夠理解為什么宇航員覺(jué)得重新適應(yīng)地球上的生活不簡(jiǎn)潔了。留意：“make＋it＋adj./n.＋(forsb./sth.)todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)在高考中?？疾閕t作形式賓語(yǔ)的用法及賓補(bǔ)后面的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。在英語(yǔ)中形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)只有it可以充當(dāng)，其他詞沒(méi)有此用法。[即學(xué)即練](1)Thelittleboyfounditapleasuretohelphismotherwiththehousework.(2)Ihavemadeitclearthattomorrow'smeetingwillbeputofftillthedayaftertomorrowbecauseofthebadweather.eq\o(\s\up7(3),\s\do5())Theyareoccasionsthatallowustorelaxandenjoylife，andforgetaboutourworkforalittlewhile.它們是讓我們放松，享受生活，短暫遺忘工作的機(jī)會(huì)。(1)句式分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句是Theyareoccasions，運(yùn)用了主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，后面是that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。(2)句中allow的意思是“允許”。allow還可作“賜予”講。allow的常見(jiàn)用法：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(allowdoingsth.允許做某事,allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事,allowsb.sth.賜予某人某物尤指金錢(qián)或時(shí)間；,答應(yīng)給某人某物))Weallowsmokingonlyinrestrictedareas.我們只允許在指定的地點(diǎn)吸煙。Myparentsdon'tallowmetogooutatnight.我父母不允許我晚上出去。Heisnotallowedtostayoutlate.他不行以在外待到很晚。Heallowshissontoomuchmoney.他給他兒子的錢(qián)太多了。[即學(xué)即練]Wedonotalloweating(eat)intheclassrooms.eq\o(\s\up7(4),\s\do5())Andifyoustudyfestivalscarefully，youmaybesurprisedtofindthatdifferentculturesactuallyhavealotincommonafterall.假如你細(xì)致探討節(jié)日，你可能會(huì)驚異地發(fā)覺(jué)不同的文化其實(shí)有很多共同點(diǎn)。(1)句式分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句是youmaybesurprisedtofind，前面是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，后面是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。句中不定式短語(yǔ)tofind...作緣由狀語(yǔ)。(2)不定式短語(yǔ)作緣由狀語(yǔ)用法淺析：①形容詞多是表示情感、感覺(jué)或心理活動(dòng)的happy,pleased,surprised等；②不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為句子的主語(yǔ)，若不是，則在不定式前加上其自身的主語(yǔ)；假如強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或謂語(yǔ)所表示的狀態(tài)，則不定式用完成式。Weareveryhappytocooperatewithyouinthisproject.在此項(xiàng)目中與你們合作，我們特別興奮。Heisverygladforhissontohavemadesuchgrea