學(xué)員在了解本國文化的情況下培訓(xùn)教材

DevelopingInterculturalCompetenceGateway2

CindyLeeContentsPrefaceConventionalLanguageTeachingTheoriesConventionalTeachingPracticeInterculturalCommunicationTheoriesTheComponentsofInterculturalCompetenceNextStepforLanguageTeachersConclusionPrefaceThissessionisbasedontheBritishscholar-MichaelByram’svariousworksoninterculturalcommunicationandinterculturalcompetence.Attheendofthissession,itwillpointoutanewroleforthelanguageteacher.ConventionalTeachingPracticeUsethenativespeakerasamodelforlearnersTransfertheexperienceoflearningthefirstlanguagetolearntheforeignlanguageEmphasisethelinguisticorgrammaticalcompetenceInterculturalCommunicationTheoriesLinguaFranca(a):TheforeignlanguageortheEnglishlanguageisacommunicativemediumamongforeignersExample:

PeoplefromJapan,Italy,Taiwan,GermanyandBritainuseEnglishtocommunicatewhentheymeetwitheachanother.Concentration(1)LinguaFranca(b):Itisneitherappropriatenordesirableforlearnerstomodelthemselvesonnativespeakers.Example:WhenaTaiwanesedoesbusinesswithaSpanishorhasholidaysinSingapore,whydoeshe/sheneedtosoundlikeanAmericaninsuchaninternationalcontext?

InterculturalCommunicationTheoriesConcentration(2)

InterculturalSpeakermeanssomeonehasabilitiesto: -interactwith‘others’-acceptotherperspectivesoftheworld-mediatebetweendifferentperspectives-beconsciousoftheevaluationsofthedifferenceInterculturalCommunicationTheoriesConcentration(3)DirectionsDevelopinglearners’interculturalcompetenceisasimportantasimprovingtheirlinguisticskillsAninnovativemissionforlanguageteachersliesinhelpingstudentspossessthecomponentsofinterculturalcompetenceInterculturalCommunicationTheoriesFromInterculturalCommunicationToInterculturalCompetenceInterculturalcompetenceisthekeytosuccessfulinterculturalcommunication.So,whatfeaturescontributetointerculturalcompetence?TheComponentsofInterculturalCompetence(1)InterculturalAttitudesCuriosityandopennesstootherculturesReadinesstosuspenddisbeliefaboutonotherculturesBeliefaboutone’sownculture學(xué)員在了解本國文化的情況下,對異國文化能充滿好奇心並能以開放的心態(tài)看待甚至接受他國的文化風(fēng)俗.InterculturalKnowledgeKnowledgeofsocialprocessesKnowledgeofhowsocialgroupsfunctionRealizeotherpeoplehavemultipleidentitiesTheComponentsofInterculturalCompetence(2)“跨文化的知識”除了意指了解某一地區(qū)或國家的文化之外,更重要的是指學(xué)員能了解普遍的社會問題,以及族群及文化認(rèn)同等議題.這些了解可以從國內(nèi)的觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)再延伸到對異國社會的認(rèn)識.各地域/國家,各語系的族群都絕非是單一性的,了解這些多元文化特質(zhì)的知識是相當(dāng)重要的.跨文化可以避免未來接觸外國友人或事務(wù)時,產(chǎn)生誤會或文化衝擊.InterculturalSkillsAbilitytocomparetwoormoreculturesAbilitytointerpretthecultureperceivedAbilitytorelateone’sownculturalexperiencesTheComponentsofInterculturalCompetence(3)由於無論教師或是學(xué)員都不可能得知所有的跨文化知識,因此學(xué)員必須具備跨文化的溝通技巧,以備不時之需.這包括了能夠探知及比較異國和本國文化差異的能力,也包含了能運(yùn)用本國文化經(jīng)驗以解決不期然的文化衝突的能力.最終的目標(biāo)是幫助學(xué)員能從容面對不同的文化背景,並能妥善處理當(dāng)下所遭遇到的難題.CriticalCulturalAwarenessAcknowledgerespectforhumandignityRecognizethehumanrightBecomeawareofone’sownvaluesandhowtheseinfluenceone’sviewsofotherpeople’svaluesTheComponentsofInterculturalCompetence(4)最後是能有客觀的警覺性.藉由學(xué)習(xí)外語或接觸外國文化的機(jī)會,學(xué)習(xí)尊重他人.同時亦能省視自身的價值觀,並認(rèn)清是什麼樣的價值觀正影響著自己看待世界的角度.NextStepfortheLanguageTeacher(1)M.Byramandmanyotherscholarsbelievethattheroleoflanguageteachersischangingandshouldbechanging.Theroleofalanguageteacheristodevelopinterculturalskills,attitudesandawarenessofvaluesjustasmuchastodevelopknowledgeofaparticularculture/nationorofdifferentcultureswithinone’sowncountry.NextStepfortheLanguageTeacher(2)However,thetaskforthelanguageteacherisnottodeliverculturalcontentwordbyword,but“tofacilitatelearners’interactionwithsomesmallpartofanothersocietyanditscultures,withthepurposeofrelativisinglearners’understandingoftheirownculturalvaluesandbehaviors,andencouragingthemtoinvestigateforthemselvestheothernessaroundthem,eitherintheirimmediatephysicalenvironmentorintheirengagementwithothernesswhichinternationalizationandglobalizationhavebroughtintotheirworld.”---M.Byram,A.NicholsandD.Stevens

(2001)

Conclusion(1)Theattemptofdevelopinginterculturalcompetenceisambitious.However,Manyteachersbelieveinitandhaverespondedtothisnewrolewiththeirprofessionalimaginationandinnovativeapproachestointrod