英語句子成分分析簡(jiǎn)單句句型教學(xué)幻燈片

句子成分MembersofaSentence什么叫句子成分呢？句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系，按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)?，F(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。英語的基本成分有七種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓語（object）、定語（attribute）、狀語(adverbial)和補(bǔ)語（complement）。英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型，掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語五種基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋謂）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋謂＋賓）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物動(dòng)詞）1.Thesun│wasshining.太陽在照耀著。2.Themoon│rose.月亮升起了。3.Theuniverse│remains.宇宙長(zhǎng)存。4.Weall│breathe,eat,anddrink.我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5.Who│cares?管它呢？6.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系。7.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。8.Thepenwritessmoothly這支筆書寫流利。│││基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：be,look,keep,seem等屬一類，表示情況；get,grow,become,turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動(dòng)詞多可用作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞：lookwell/面色好,soundnice/聽起來不錯(cuò),feelgood/感覺好，smellbad/難聞Ｓ│Ｖ（是系動(dòng)詞）│Ｐ1.This│is│anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.這是本英漢辭典。2.Thedinner│smells│good.午餐的氣味很好。3.He│fell│inlove.他墮入了情網(wǎng)。4.Everything│looks│different.一切看來都不同了。5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.他長(zhǎng)得又高又壯6.Thetroubleisthattheyareshortofmoney.麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。││││基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋謂＋賓）此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。賓語位于及物動(dòng)詞之后，一般同主語構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’，如：me，him，them等Ｓ│Ｖ（及物動(dòng)詞）│Ｏ1.Who│knows│theanswer?誰知道答案？2.She│smiled│herthanks.她微笑表示感謝。3.He│enjoys│reading.他喜歡看書。4.Theyatewhatwasleftover.他們吃了剩飯。5.Hesaid"Goodmorning."他說："早上好！"││││基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個(gè)賓語通常一個(gè)指人，為間接賓語；一個(gè)指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。一般的順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語。如：Givemeacupoftea,please.強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。如：ShowthishousetoMr.Smith.Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ｏ（多指人）│Ｏ（多指物）1.She│ordered│herself│anewdress.她給自己定了一套新衣裳。2.She│cooked│herhusband│adeliciousmeal.她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。3.He│brought│you│adictionary.他給你帶來了一本字典。4.He│denies│her│nothing.他對(duì)她什么都不拒絕。5.Ishowedhimmypictures.我給他看我的照片6.Igavemycarawash.我洗了我的汽車。││││││基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分。賓語與其補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。名詞/代詞賓格+名詞Thewarmadehimasoldier.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士.名詞/代詞賓格+形容詞Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.新方法使這項(xiàng)工作變得輕松.名詞/代詞賓格+介詞短語Ioftenfindhimatwork.我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作.名詞/代詞賓格+動(dòng)詞不定式Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.老師讓學(xué)生們關(guān)上窗戶.名詞/代詞賓格+分詞Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.我看見一只貓跑過了馬路.Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│Ｏ（賓語）│Ｃ（賓補(bǔ)）1.They│appointed│him│manager.他們?nèi)蚊?dāng)經(jīng)理。2.They│painted│thedoor│green.他們把門漆成綠色3.This│set│them│thinking.這使得他們要細(xì)想一想。4.They│found│thehouse│deserted.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無人居住。但常用的英語句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡(jiǎn)短，這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語（modifier）而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。我們稱之為：定語、狀語一、定語：定語是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用‘……的’表示。定語通常位于被修飾的成分前。若修飾some,any,every,no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分詞短語作定語、從句作定語時(shí)，則定語通常置后。副詞用作定語時(shí)須放在名詞之后。形容詞作定語：Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.(little修飾名詞boy；blue修飾名詞pen.）/小男孩需要一支蘭色的鋼筆。Tomisahandsomeboy./Tom是個(gè)英俊的男孩。Thereisagoodboy./有個(gè)乖男孩。數(shù)詞作定語相當(dāng)于形容詞：Twoboysneedtwopens.兩個(gè)男孩需要兩支鋼筆。Therearetwo

boysintheroom.房間里有兩個(gè)男孩。代詞或名詞所有格作定語：HisboyneedsTom'spen.他的男孩需要Tom的鋼筆。HisnameisTom.他的名字是湯姆。介詞短語作定語：Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支鋼筆。TheboyinblueisTom.穿蘭色衣服的孩子是湯姆。名詞作定語：Theboyneedsaballpen.男孩需要一支圓珠筆。Thereisonlyoneballpeninthepencilbox.這鉛筆盒里只有一支圓珠筆。副詞作定語：Theboythereneedsapen.那兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。ThebestboyhereisTom.這里最棒的男孩是Tom。不定式作定語：Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen.寫這封信的男孩需要一支鋼筆。Thereisnothingtodotoday.今天無事要做。分詞（短語）作定語：Thesmiling

boyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.那個(gè)微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買的鋼筆。ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.她買的筆是中國產(chǎn)的。Therearefiveboys

left.有五個(gè)留下的男孩。定語從句：Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday.那個(gè)在閱讀的男孩需要你昨天買的鋼筆。TheboyyouwillknowisTom.你將認(rèn)識(shí)的男孩叫湯姆。Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.參加游戲的男孩有五個(gè)。二、狀語：狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明方式、因果、條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。狀語在句子中的位置很靈活，常見情況為：通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首，地點(diǎn)狀語一般須在時(shí)間狀語之前；一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。

有時(shí)狀語在句中的某個(gè)位置會(huì)引起歧義，應(yīng)注意。如：Theboycallsthegirlintheclassroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘（此時(shí)intheclassroom為girl的定語）也可以理解為‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’（此時(shí)intheclassroom為地點(diǎn)狀語），最好寫作‘Intheclassroom,theboycallsthegirl.'副詞（短語）作狀語：Theboyneedsapenverymuch.男孩非常需要一支鋼筆。（程度狀語）Theboyneedsverymuchthepenboughtbyhismother.男孩非常需要他母親買的那支鋼筆。（賓語較長(zhǎng)則狀語前置）Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen./Theboy,now,needsapen.男孩現(xiàn)在需要一支鋼筆。（時(shí)間狀語）

介詞短語作狀語：

Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen./在教室里，男孩需要一支鋼筆。（地點(diǎn)狀語）Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy./在母親面前,湯姆總是一個(gè)男孩子.(條件狀語)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom./星期天,教室里沒有學(xué)生.(時(shí)間狀語)分詞（短語）作狀語：Hesitsthere,askingforapen./他坐在那兒要一支筆。（表示伴隨狀態(tài)）Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen./因?yàn)椴坏貌煌瓿勺鳂I(yè)，男孩需要一支筆。（原因狀語）Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly./（因?yàn)椋┦芰梭@嚇，他無聲地坐在那兒。（原因狀語）

不定式作狀語：Theboyneedsapentodohishomework./男孩需要一支筆寫家庭作業(yè)。（目的狀語）Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness./為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想,湯姆變得對(duì)商業(yè)很有興趣.名詞作狀語：Comethisway!/走這條路?。ǚ较驙钫Z）狀語從句：時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句

句子成分練習(xí)題(一)(一).指出下列句中主語的中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二)選出句中謂語的中心詞①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book(三)挑出下列句中的賓語

①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.(四)挑出下列句中的表語

①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(五)挑出下列句中的定語①TheyuseMr./Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(六)挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(七)挑出下列句中的狀語①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.(八)劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?句子成分練習(xí)題(三)A1、___sixyearssinceIbegantostudyEnglish.

A.ItisB.IhavebeenC.ThereareD.Itwas2、___intheroomatthattime.

A.NobodywasB.SomeonewereC.WhoisD.Heare3、IT'Sverynoisyoutside.___isgoingon?

A.WhoB.WhatC.WhichD.Where4、___inEnglishinclasseverydayisimportant.

A.SpeakB.TalkingC.SayingD.Totell5、Theremustbe____nearthefactory.

A.abookstoreB.bookstoreC.booksstoreD.booksstores6、Althoughit'sraininghard,___arestillworkinginthefields.

A.buttheyB.andtheyC.theyD.sincethey

B1、Thedoctoraswellasthenurses___greatconcernforthepatients.

A.showB.showsC.haveshownD.areshowing2、Yoursonmustbeacleverboy,___he?

A.isB.isn'tC.mustD.mustn't

3、Thecomputercenter,___lastyear,isverypopularamongstudentsinthisschool.

A.openB.openingC.openedD.beingopened4、I___gototheshoptoday,forthereisalotoffoodathome.

A.mustn'tB.hadtoC.can'tD.needn't5、Don't___excited.

A.getB.isC.seemD.look6Thisroom___everymorning.

A.iscleaningB.iscleanedC.cleansD.cleaningC1、Gladtomeetyou!___isyourfullname?

A.WhatB.WhereC.HowD.Who2、Heis___tolifttheheavybox.

A.tooweakB.weaktooC.enoughweakD.weakenough3、Thedaysare___warmerandwarmerinspring.

A.gettingB.lookingC.seemingD.going4、Hisjobis____English.

A.teachB.toteachC.taughtD.teaches5、Twoballsare___.

A.underthedeskB.inthewallC.tohereD.atdesks

D1、Weshouldgetready___others.

A.helpingB.tohelpC.helpD.helpwith2、___interestingworkwearedoing?

A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Whatan3、Iwant___ateacherwhenIgrowup.

A.tobeB.toC.beD.being4、-Wouldyouliketogoonapicnicwithmetoday?

-Idon'tthinkso.Tobehonest,Ireallydon'tfeellike___ona

picnic.

A.goingB.togoC.goD.went5Doyouknow___?

A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelives

C.whereheliveD.ifwherehelives6Let____doitagain.

A.IB.meC.heD.she7Idon'tknow___.

A.howtodoB.whattodoC.wheretodoD.whentodoE1、Isawhim___basketballwithJackanhourago.

A.playsB.toplayC.playedD.play2、Sorry,we'vekeptyou___foralongtime.

A.waitedB.singC.standD.waiting3、Theteachertoldus____lateagain.

A.aren'tbeB.don'tbeC.nottobeD.notbe4、Wefindtheroomvery___.

A.warmB.warmlyC.terriblyD.hardly

F1、Ifound___difficulttoworktogetherwithhim.

A.itB.itsC.thatD.those2、Weallknow___ourdutytocleanourclassroomafterschooleveryday.

A.thatB.thisC.whichD.it3、Hefound___veryinterestingtoplaywiththelittledog.

A.whatB.itC./D.that

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