高考英語培優(yōu)增分一輪人教經(jīng)典版培優(yōu)講義必修21Unit1　Culturalrelics

●eq\b\lc\\rc\|(\a\vs4\al\co1(\o(\s\up17(第一部分),\s\do5(教材重點(diǎn)全程攻略))))必修2●話題素材——文化遺產(chǎn)[話題詞匯]1．culturaladj.文化的2．civilizedadj.文明的3．a(chǎn)ncientadj.古代的4．wisdomn.智慧5．valuableadj.有價(jià)值的；貴重的6．a(chǎn)ttract_one's_attention吸引某人的注意力7．besituatedin坐落于；位于8．in_a_fancy_style用奇特的風(fēng)格9．bemadeof...由……制成10．beworthyofbeingdone值得做……11．in_return_for作為對……的回報(bào)12．date_back_to/date_from追溯到……13．greatwondersoftheworld世界上的偉大奇跡[經(jīng)典佳句]1．Culturalheritageis_of_great_valueandprotectingitcanmakeusfeel_proud_ofournation.文化遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值連城，保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)會(huì)使我們?yōu)樽约旱拿褡甯械阶院馈?．CulturalrelicshavebeguntobeahottopicinChinatodayasthebalancebetweendevelopingthenationandretainingtraditionalculturemustbefound.文化遺產(chǎn)已經(jīng)開始成為當(dāng)今中國的熱門話題，因?yàn)楸仨氃趪野l(fā)展和傳統(tǒng)文化保存間找到平衡。3．The_morethepublicknowabouttheimportanceofcultureprotection,the_strongersupportwecangetfromthem.公眾對文化保護(hù)的重要性知道的越多，我們得到的支持就會(huì)越強(qiáng)大。精美語篇Dearsir，IamwritingtoyoutodaytosharemythoughtsabouttheOldSummerPalace.AftershowingmyfriendJackaroundthepark,Iamdeeplyimpressedbythehistoricalsite,whichisdefinitelythegreatestsymbolofourancientcivilization.Intermsofpreservinghistoryandlearningmoreaboutancientculture,suchkindofhistoricalsitesisofgreatvalue.Unfortunately,throughouthistory,ithasbeendamagedduetoavarietyofreasons,suchasnaturalforces,wars,theftandsoon.Worsestill,touristsnowadaysaredoingdamagetotheOldSummerPalaceeitherunintentionallyordeliberatelywhiletheyarewalkingaroundthesite.Asastudent,Istronglyfeelthatitisurgentforourgovernmenttotakemeasurestoprotectit.Firstofall,aspecialmitteeshouldbeestablishedtoensurealltheworktobecarriedoutsmoothly.Inaddition,somesculpturesandstatuesshouldbemovedindoorstoavoidbeingdamagedbynaturalforces.Onlybydoingthesewillwebeabletoenjoythesehistoricalsitesforgenerationstoe.Lookingforwardtoyouractions.Yourssincerely，×××◆高頻單詞1．rare(adj.)稀罕的；稀有的；珍貴的→rarely(adv.)很少；難得2．valuable(adj.)貴重的；有價(jià)值的→value(n.&vt.)價(jià)值；重視→invaluable(adj.)極有用的；極寶貴的3．survive(v.)幸免(于)；幸存；比……活得長；生還→survival(n.)生存；幸存→survivor(n.)幸存者4．a(chǎn)maze(vt.)使吃驚；驚訝→amazing(adj.)令人吃驚的→amazed(adj.)吃驚的→amazement(n.)驚奇5．select(vt.)挑選；選擇→selection(n.)選擇；選拔6．design(n.)設(shè)計(jì)；圖案；構(gòu)思(vt.)設(shè)計(jì)；計(jì)劃；構(gòu)思→designer(n.)設(shè)計(jì)者；構(gòu)思者7．fancy(adj.)奇特的；異樣的(vt.)想象；設(shè)想；愛好8．decorate(v.)裝飾；裝修→decoration(n.)裝飾品；裝飾9．reception(n.)接待；招待會(huì)；接收→receive(vt.)接受；接待；招待→receiver(n.)()聽筒/受話器10．remove(vt.)移動(dòng)；搬開→removal(n.)移走；除去11．wooden(adj.)木制的→wood(n.)木頭12．doubt(n.)懷疑；疑惑(vt.)懷疑；不信→doubtful(adj.)懷疑的13．former(adj.)以前的；從前的→latter(反義詞)(adj.)后者的；后面的14．worth(prep.)值得的；相當(dāng)于……的價(jià)值(n.)價(jià)值；作用(adj.)值錢的15．local(adj.)本地的；當(dāng)?shù)氐?6．evidence(n.)根據(jù)；證據(jù)→evident(adj.)明顯的；清楚的17．explode(vi.)爆炸→explosion(n.)爆炸18．sailor(n.)水手；海員；船員→sail(v.)(乘船)航行；起航(n.)航行；帆；起航19．sink(vi.)下沉；沉下→sank/sunk(過去式)→sunk/sunken(過去分詞)20．informal(adj.)非正式的→formal(反義詞)(adj.)正式的21．debate(n.)爭論；辯論(vi.)爭論；辯論◆重點(diǎn)短語1．in_search_of尋找2．belong_to屬于3．in_return作為報(bào)答；回報(bào)4．serve_as充當(dāng)；起作用5．a(chǎn)t_war處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)6．lessthan少于7．takeapart拆開8．ratherthan而不是9．think/speakhighlyof看重；器重10．developaninterestin...培養(yǎng)對……的興趣◆熱點(diǎn)句型1．couldnot/neverhavedone“(過去)不可能做……”FrederickWilliamⅠ，theKingofPrussia,could_never_have_imagined(絕不可能想到)thathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.(教材P1)2．Thisis/wasatimewhen...“這是一個(gè)……的時(shí)期/時(shí)候”This_was_a_time_when(這是一個(gè)……的時(shí)期)thetwocountrieswereatwar.(教材P2)3．Thereisnodoubtthat...“毫無疑問……”There_is_no_doubt_that(毫無疑問)theboxeswerethenputonatrainforK?nigsberg,whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.(教材P2)4．what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句Afterthat,what_happened(所發(fā)生的一切)totheAmberRoomremainsamystery.(教材P2)5．疑問詞＋不定式Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhich_eyewitnesses_to_believe_and_which_not_to_believe(哪些證人可信，哪些不可信).(教材P5)6．nor位于句首引起的部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)Nor_do_I_think(我也不認(rèn)為)theyshouldgiveittoanygovernment.(教材P7)◆同步訓(xùn)練在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．Itwasalsoatreasure________(decorate)withgoldandjewels,________tookthecountry'sbestartistsabouttenyearstomake.答案：decorated;which2．Aboutfourmetreslong,theroomserved________asmallreceptionhallforimportantvisitors.答案：as3．________(late),CatherineⅡhadtheAmberRoom________(move)toapalaceoutsideStPetersburg________shespenthersummers.答案：Later;moved;where4．AlthoughtheAmberRoom________(consider)oneofthe________(wonder)oftheworld,itisnowmissing.答案：wasconsidered;wonders5．Itcanbeproved________Chinahasmorepeople________anyothercountryintheworld.答案：that;than6．Anopinionis________someonebelievesistruebuthasnotbeenproved.答案：what7．He/Sheonlycaresaboutwhethertheeyewitnesshasgiventrueinformation,________mustbefactsratherthanopinions.答案：which8．______April1945,Iheardsomethingexplode________midnight.答案：In;at9．________mysurprisetheentrance________theminewasclosed.答案：To;to10.SoIthinkthatthose________findtheAmberRoomshoulddecide________todowithit.答案：who;what1survivevi.幸免；幸存；生還vt.比……活得長；幸免于；從(困境等中)挺過來教材原句Isitenoughtohavesurvivedforalongtime？(P1)只是存在的時(shí)間長就足夠了嗎？(1)AsurvivesB(by...)A比B多活……survivesth.幸免于；從……中挺過來/活過來surviveon依靠……生存下來survivefrom從……存活下來/流傳下來(2)survivorn.幸存者survivaln.[U]幸存；[C]殘存物；幸存事物survive當(dāng)表示“幸存；幸免于”時(shí)，不需要加in或from。①Hediedin1940,buthiswifesurvived_him_byanother20years.他在1940年去世，但他的妻子比他多活了20年。②Thereareconcernsthattherefugeesmaynotsurvive_the_winter.有人擔(dān)心這些難民活不過冬天。③Idon'tknowhowyouallmanagetosurvive_onyoursmallsalary.我不知道你們只靠微薄的薪金是怎樣過活的。④Theplanecrashedinanareaofdensejungle.Therewerenosurvivors.飛機(jī)墜落在一個(gè)叢林茂密的地區(qū)，無人生還。⑤Hisonlychanceofsurvivalwasahearttransport.他唯一活下去的可能性是心臟移植。2designvt.設(shè)計(jì)；計(jì)劃；構(gòu)思n.設(shè)計(jì)；圖案；構(gòu)思教材原句Thedesignoftheroomwasinthefancystylepopularinthosedays.(P1)琥珀屋的設(shè)計(jì)采用了當(dāng)時(shí)很流行的奇特建筑式樣。(1)design...for...為……設(shè)計(jì)……bedesignedfor...為……而設(shè)計(jì)bedesignedtodo...目的在于/為了……bedesignedas...打算做……用(2)bydesign＝onpurpose有意地；故意地(3)designern.設(shè)計(jì)者；構(gòu)思者①Theypumpoutperfumesdesigned_toattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.它們散發(fā)出氣味意在吸引不同的昆蟲，這些昆蟲是襲擊者的天敵。②Themethodisspecificallydesigned_foruseinsmallgroups.這方法是專為小組活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)的。③Shearrivedjustaswewereleaving,butwhetherthiswasbyaccidentorby_designI'mnotsure.她剛好在我們正要離開時(shí)到達(dá)，但我不能肯定這是出于偶然還是有意安排。④Hewantstobeeafashiondesignerwhenhegrowsup.長大后他想成為一個(gè)時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師。[聯(lián)想]表示“故意與偶然”的詞語小結(jié)(1)故意地①bydesign②onpurpose③deliberately(2)偶然地①bychance②byaccident③accidentally3fancyadj.奇特的；異樣的vt.想象；設(shè)想；愛好n．空想；幻想；愛好教材原句Thedesignoftheroomwasinthefancystylepopularinthosedays.(P1)琥珀屋的設(shè)計(jì)采用了當(dāng)時(shí)很流行的奇特建筑式樣。fancyoneselfas...自認(rèn)為是……fancydoingsth.想做某事catch/takesb.'sfancy合某人的心意；吸引某人takeafancytosb./sth.喜歡上/愛上某人/物①Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancy_new_hotels.成都有許多新的百萬富翁，亞洲最大的建筑和漂亮的新賓館。②Doyoufancygoing_outthisevening?今晚你想不想外出？③Shelookedthroughthehoteladvertisementsuntiloneofthemcaught_her_fancy.她仔細(xì)查看旅館廣告，直到有一家符合她的心意。④IthinkSamreallytakes_a_fancy_toyou.我想薩姆真地愛上了你。4worthprep.值得的；相當(dāng)于……的價(jià)值n．價(jià)值；作用adj.值錢的教材原句IsitworthrebuildinglostculturalrelicssuchastheAmberRoomorYuanmingyuaninBeijing？(P2)重建失去的文化遺產(chǎn)，如琥珀屋或北京的圓明園，是否值得？(1)be(well)worthdoing...……(非常)值得做beworththemoney/aneffort/atry值得花錢/努力/一試beworthit值得一干；值得花精力(或時(shí)間)(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(beworthy\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(＋ofbeingdone值得做……,＋of＋n.＝beworth＋n.值得……)),beworthytobedone))(3)Itisworthwhiletodo/doingsth.值得做某事worth一般只作表語，可用程度副詞well修飾；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表語又可作定語。①Whenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworth_taking.我們權(quán)衡利弊，覺得值得冒一下風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。②Youmaynotsucceed,butitis_worth_a_try.你可能不會(huì)成功，但值得一試。③Guilinisabeautifulplace.It'sworthwhile_going/to_gothere.桂林是個(gè)美麗的地方，值得去看看。④Thisarticleis_well_worth_reading,_butitisnotworthy_of_being_translated.這篇文章很值得一讀，但不值得翻譯。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Theworldisaplaythatwouldnotbeworth________(see)ifweknewtheplot.答案：seeingbeworthdoing...“值得做”。此處doing用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。2．AlthoughtheEiffelTower________(design)tolastfor20years,itisstillstandingtoday.答案：wasdesigneddesign與theEiffelTower之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且根據(jù)語義可知，動(dòng)作是過去發(fā)生的，所以此處用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。3．Thevasehasso________(amaze)astorythatnobodycaresaboutitsbeauty.答案：amazing此處為“so＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.”結(jié)構(gòu)。又因此處修飾story，故用amazing。4．Weshouldn'tbetoocrazyaboutlearningEnglish,butitisalsotooextremetoremoveEnglish________CollegeEntranceExams.答案：fromremove...from...“把……從……去掉”。5．Somestrangecustomshavesurvived________earliertimes.答案：fromsurvivefrom“從……流傳下來”。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Idon'treallyfancydobusinesswithhim.______________________________________________________答案：do→doing2．Whatthelecturersaidatthemeetingisofgreatvaluable.______________________________________________________答案：valuable→value3．Peopleraresucceedunlesstheyhavefuninwhattheyaredoing.______________________________________________________答案：rare→rarely4．It'sanformalparty,soyouneedn'tdressup.______________________________________________________答案：formal→informal5．Thereisnodoubtwhetherthisisagainsttheinternationallaw.______________________________________________________答案：whether→thatinsearchof尋找；搜尋；尋求教材原句INSEARCHOFTHEAMBERROOM(P1)尋找琥珀屋(1)searchsth./sb.搜查某物/搜某人的身searchfor＝lookfor尋找search...for...為找到……而搜查……(2)常見的“in＋名詞＋of”短語有：inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念……infavourof支持；贊同inhonourof為了紀(jì)念；為向……表示敬意inneedof需要inchargeof掌管；負(fù)責(zé)inpossessionof擁有……insearchof“尋找，搜尋”，在句中常作表語或目的狀語。名詞search前不加限定詞；若search前加a/the/one's等限定詞時(shí)，of一般換成for。search作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，search的賓語是指搜查的范圍，可以是人、物或地點(diǎn)；而搜尋要找的人或物時(shí)，要加介詞for。①Iwentoffin_search_ofagasstationwhereIcouldbuysomepetrol.我離開去尋找加油站買汽油。②Thepolicesearched_the_suspectbutfoundnoweaponsonhim.警方搜查了嫌疑犯，但在他身上沒找到武器。③Isearchedthewholeroomforthelostkey,butinvain.我搜遍了整個(gè)房間來尋找丟失的鑰匙，但是徒勞。belongto屬于教材原句However,thenextKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamI,towhomtheamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.(P2)然而，下一位普魯士國王，腓特烈·威廉一世，這個(gè)琥珀屋的主人卻決定不要它了。(1)belongto表示“屬于”，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，作后置定語時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在分詞，有類似用法的短語還包括：datebackto/datefrom(追溯到)，consistof(由……組成)等(2)belongvi.應(yīng)在(某處)，適合(某種情形)，沒有含被動(dòng)意味的過去分詞的用法(3)belongingsn．財(cái)產(chǎn)；所有物；相關(guān)事物①Asweallknow,tigersandcatsbelong_tothesamefamilyofbeasts.眾所周知，老虎和貓屬于同一科的野獸。②Alltheworkersbelonging_tothefactorymustobeytherule.這個(gè)工廠的所有員工必須遵守這個(gè)規(guī)定。③Lockersareavailabletostoreanybelongingsduringyourvisit.在你的參觀過程中有儲(chǔ)物柜來儲(chǔ)存任何財(cái)物。inreturn作為報(bào)答；回報(bào)eq\x(\a\al(教材原句,Inreturn，theCzarsenthimatroopofhisbestsoldiers.P2,作為回報(bào)，沙皇送給他一隊(duì)自己最好的士兵。))(1)inreturn(forsth.)作為(對……的)回報(bào)returnlikeforlike以牙還牙(2)inturn依次；反過來byturns輪流；時(shí)而……時(shí)而……①Theoryisbasedonpracticeandin_turnservespractice.理論以實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ)，反過來又為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。②Hewantedtodosomethingin_return_forthekindnessthatsheofferedhim.他想做點(diǎn)什么事來回報(bào)她的好意。③Thebookis,by_turns,_funnyandverysad.這部書時(shí)而妙趣橫生，時(shí)而悲悲戚戚。Ⅰ.選詞填空eq\x(lessthan；insearchof；inreturn；takeapart；atwar)1．Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents.________，weexpectstudentstoworkhard.答案：Inreturn2．Thecountryhasbeen________withitsneighborsformorethantwoyears.Everyoneinthecountryisreallyanxiousforpeace.答案：atwar3．Youngastheboyis,heisableto________thetoycarandputittogetheragain.答案：takeapart4．Therescueworkersremovedthebricksandstoneswithbarehands________anysurvivorintheearthquake.答案：insearchof5．Acollegeclassmateofmine,Tim,wasafirst-ratefootballplayer,eventhoughheweighedmuch________theaverageplayer.答案：lessthanⅡ.完成句子1．InChina,themajorityofsociety______________Hanethnicgroup.在中國，大部分人屬于漢族。答案：belongsto2．Wefoundthatbirchbarkcould______________paper.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)樺樹皮可以作紙用。答案：serveas3．Hiscolleagues____________________himthoughhehimselfdidn'tthinkhehaddoneanythingspecial.雖然他自己并沒有覺得做了什么突出的事情，他的同事們卻對他交口稱贊。答案：thoughthighlyof4．________________goingouttodinner,I'dprefertoeathere.我寧愿在這兒吃，而不是出去吃飯。答案：Ratherthan5．Howdoyou________________somethingyouhavenointerestin?你如何對你不感興趣的事情培養(yǎng)出興趣？答案：developaninterestinFrederickWilliamI，theKingofPrussia，couldneverhaveimaginedthathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.P1普魯士國王威廉一世絕不可能想到他送給俄羅斯人民的厚禮會(huì)有這樣一段令人驚訝的歷史。在句中couldhavedonesth.表示對過去情況的推測，意為“可能做過某事”。該結(jié)構(gòu)還表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，意為“本來能夠去做某事卻沒有做”。有類似用法的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：musthavedonesth.過去一定做過某事mighthavedonesth.過去可能做過某事；本可能做某事needn'thavedonesth.本沒必要做某事卻做了oughtto/shouldhavedonesth.本該做某事而未做wouldhavedonesth.本來要做某事①Youcould_have_done_better,_butyouweretoocareless.你本能夠做得更好，但你太粗心了。②Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmust_have_beenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.蒸汽機(jī)被用來拖動(dòng)車廂，因?yàn)闊熀驮胍?，對乘客們來說那一定是相當(dāng)不愉快的旅行。③Ineedn't_have_worriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.在來新學(xué)校前我本沒有必要擔(dān)心，因?yàn)檫@兒的同學(xué)對我很友好。ThereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainforK?nigsberg，whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.P2毫無疑問，這些箱子后來被裝上火車運(yùn)往哥尼斯堡，當(dāng)時(shí)德國在波羅的海邊的一個(gè)城市。(1)Thereisnodoubtthat...為固定句型，意為“毫無疑問……”，that后面的從句為同位語從句，說明doubt的內(nèi)容。doubt常見搭配：Thereisnodoubtthat...毫無疑問……Thereissomedoubtwhether...有疑問……Idon't/neverdoubtthat...我確信……Idoubtwhether/if...我懷疑……without/beyonddoubt無疑；必定(2)類似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)有：Thereis＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(nopointindoingsth.做某事沒有意義,noneedtodosth.沒有必要做某事,a/nopossibilitythat...有/沒有可能……,achancethat...有可能……,nohurrytodosth.不急于做某事))Itisnouse/nogood/noneeddoingsth.做某事沒有用處/好處/必要Itisnowonderthat...(＝Nowonderthat...)難怪；怪不得……(1)當(dāng)名詞doubt用在否定句中時(shí)，后面接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句；用在肯定句中時(shí)，后面接whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，注意此時(shí)不可以用if替換whether。(2)及物動(dòng)詞doubt后接名詞、代詞或賓語從句。在否定句和疑問句中，doubt后面接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。①There_is_no_doubt_thatoureducationalsystemleavestoomuchtobeimproved.毫無疑問，我們的教育制度還有許多待改善之處。②There_is_some_doubt_whetherheissuitableforthejob.他是否勝任這項(xiàng)工作還有一些疑問。③Youcanplain,butIdoubt_if/whetheritwillmakeanydifference.你可以抱怨，但我懷疑抱怨是否會(huì)有任何影響。④There_is_no_need_to_putthemeetingaheadbecausewestillhavethreeweeksbeforetheendoftheterm.離這學(xué)期結(jié)束還有三周時(shí)間，因此我們沒有必要提前開會(huì)。Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhich_eyewitnesses_to_believeandwhich_not_to_believe.(P5)在審判中，法官必須斷定哪些證人可信，哪些不可信?！耙蓡栐~＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語、賓語、表語等。(1)在“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式必須用主動(dòng)式而不能用被動(dòng)式。(2)whether后可接不定式，而if不可。疑問代詞(who,which除外)后面須跟及物動(dòng)詞；若是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面須跟相應(yīng)的介詞。疑問副詞后可以接不及物動(dòng)詞；若接及物動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞不定式須有自己的賓語。①Fromtheteacher'spointofview,childrenshouldbelefttodecidewhat_to_read_and_how_to_read.從教師的觀點(diǎn)來看，應(yīng)該由孩子來決定讀什么和怎么讀。②When_and_where_to_go_on_an_outinghasn'tbeendecided.何時(shí)何地去郊游還沒有決定。③Today'sEnglishlearnershaveawidechoiceofdictionariesfrom_which_to_choose.當(dāng)今，有各種各樣的詞典可供英語學(xué)習(xí)者選擇。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thereisstillsomedoubt________theautumnsportsmeetingwillbeheldinourschool,butthereisnodoubt________itwillbeheldsoonafterourNationalDayholiday.答案：whether;that第一空doubt用作名詞，用在肯定句中，后面應(yīng)接whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句，而不能用if；第二空為“Thereisnodoubtthat...”結(jié)構(gòu)。2．Peoplearelearning________toorganizehugequantitiesofinformationsothattheyareabletoaccessit.答案：how此處為“疑問詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。根據(jù)語義可知，此處填how。3．Hecouldn't________(drive)hertotheairportbecausehiscarhadbeenstolen.答案：havedrivencouldn'thavedonesth.指過去不可能做某事，即對過去事情的否定推測。4．Theparentsdisagreeoverwhether________(send)theirkidtointernationalprivateschoolornot.答案：tosend“whethertodo”結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞賓語。5．—Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn'tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.—Oh,you________havedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.答案：shouldshouldhavedone表示“本應(yīng)該做而未做”。Ⅱ.完成句子1．Tomisastubbornboy,soitisnouse______________.湯姆是一個(gè)頑固的孩子，所以與他爭辯是沒用的。答案：debatingwithhim2．________________amongtheworkersisstillaquestion.這些工人之間如何分工仍是一個(gè)問題。答案：Howtodividelabor3．Hehasbeenbusypaintingthehouse.________________.他一直在刷房子，難怪他看來這么累。答案：Nowonderhelookssotired限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句定語從句的種類定語從句根據(jù)其與主句關(guān)系的密切程度可以分為限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句兩種。定語從句的定義1．限制性定語從句：限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，用于修飾和限定先行詞。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。書寫時(shí)不用逗號與主句分開。①ThisistheMP4(that/which)Iboughtformydaughteryesterday.這是我昨天為女兒買的MP4。②Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesthatarebuiltclosetoeachother.這座古老的城鎮(zhèn)街道狹窄，小房子挨得很近。2．非限制性定語從句：非限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系不是十分密切，它只是對先行詞或主句作附加或補(bǔ)充性的說明，不起限制作用，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。在這類定語從句中，先行詞與定語從句往往用逗號隔開。非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞不可省略。③Hepassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisedhisparents.他通過了駕照考試，這使他的父母很吃驚。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Let'sgoandhelpMaryafterschooltoday,________fatherisseriouslyillinhospital.答案：whosewhose引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞Mary，而whose本身也在從句中作定語，修飾father。句意：今天放學(xué)后我們?nèi)鸵幌卢旣惏?，她的父親因重病住院了。2．OppositeisStPaul'sChurch,________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.答案：where分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，從句中不缺少主語或賓語，先行詞指地點(diǎn)，因此填where。3．ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,________showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.答案：which分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句中缺少主語，且引導(dǎo)詞指代主句內(nèi)容，故填which。4．Thebossofthepanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere________hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.答案：where分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句中不缺主語或賓語，且先行詞表示抽象地點(diǎn)，故填where。5．Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime________heshouldbeabletobeindependent.答案：when分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句中不缺主語或賓語，且先行詞表時(shí)間，故填when。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.______________________________________________________答案：that→which2．YesterdayImetLiPing,thatseemedtobeverybusy.______________________________________________________答案：that→who3．Theyplanedtoplantsometreesonthemountainwheredidn'tneedmuchwater.______________________________________________________答案：where→that/whichⅠ.閱讀理解ARoyaleissurroundedbydeepbluewatersofLakeSuperior,thelargestfreshwaterlakeonEarth.Theonlywaytogetthereisbyboatorseaplane.TheNationalParkServiceoperatesshuttleboatsthattakevisitorstoIsleRoyale.TheboatsleavefromtwoMichiganports.AboattriptoIsleRoyaletakesthreetofivehours.Watersareoftenextremelyrough.Moderncopperminingbeganinthelate1800s,resultinginlargeareasoftheislandbeingburned.Thisledtosettlementdevelopment.Soon,IsleRoyalebecamepopularforsummerhomes.ItbecameanationalparkonApril3,1940.In1980,officialsnameditanInternationalBiosphereReserve(生物圈保護(hù)區(qū))becauseofitsuniqueecosystem.IsleRoyaleoffershiking,camping,boating,andevenscubadiving.TheNationalParkServiceprotects11sunken(沉沒的)boatsfordiverstoexplore.TheyareremindersofLakeSuperior'smercialshippinghistory.ThesunkenwoodenshipcalledTheAmericaisoneofthemostpopulardivesites.TheAmericacarriedpassengers,mail,andsuppliestomanytownsalongtheshoresofLakeSuperior.Itfirstlaunchedin1898,andwasuseduntil1928,whenitwasdamaged.Itsanktothebottomofthelakesoonafter.VisitorstoIsleRoyalesharethetrailswithawell-studiedpopulationofwolves.Scientistsbelievewolveswalkedthereduringafreezeofthelakesometimeinthe1940s.Researcherscloselyrecordtheirpopulationnumbers.Muchoftheresearchtakesplaceduringthewinter,whenthetreesarebare.Theresearchersflyovertheislandtoobservetheanimalsfromabove.AnimalresearchistheonlywinteractivitygoingonatIsleRoyale.ThenationalparkisclosedeachyearinlateOctoberbecauseoftheterribleweatherconditionsandreopensinspringtimethenextyear.Butfortheothermonthsoftheyear,IsleRoyaleoffersgreenforests,andclearbluewaters.Itsexcellentsceneryandunusuallocationkeepvisitorsreturningyearafteryear.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了蘇必利爾湖的皇家島嶼的發(fā)展史和它的地理位置和地方特色。1．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthefirstparagraph?A．Theaccesstotheisland.B．Theisland'slocation.C．Theisland'snaturalenvironment.D．Theisland'sbasicinformation.答案：A段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段前兩句可知，第一段主要討論如何進(jìn)入島嶼。故選A。2．HowlongisthehistoryoftheNationalPark?A．Morethantwocenturies.B．Overseventyyears.C．Lessthanfortyyears.D．Overonehundredyears.答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三、四句可知，國家公園的歷史到現(xiàn)在已超過七十年。故選B。3．Theresearchersflyovertheislandinwinterbecause________.A．therearemoreanimalsthenB．theycanhaveaclearlookattheanimalsthereC．theydon'tintendtodisturbtheanimalsD．theislandcan'tbereachedwiththelakefrozen答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段后三句可知，冬天，樹上的葉子掉光了，此時(shí)，研究人員乘飛機(jī)在島的上方盤旋，可以清晰地觀察島內(nèi)的動(dòng)物。故選B。BTheancientMayancivilizationcollapsedduetoacentury-longdrought,anewresearchsuggests.MineralstakenfromBelize'sfamousunderwatercave,knownastheBlueHole,aswellaslagoons(環(huán)礁湖)nearby,showthatanextremedroughtoccurredbetweenAD800andAD1000,rightwhentheMayancivilizationended.Aftertherainsreturned,theMayansmovednorth—buttheydisappearedagainafewcenturieslater,andthatdisappearanceoccurredatthesametimeasanotherdryperiod,thesediments(沉積物)reveal.Althoughthefindingsaren'tthefirsttotieadroughttotheendoftheMayanculture,thenewresultsstrengthenthecasethatdryperiodswereindeedthecause.That'sbecausethedatacamefromseveralspotsinaregioncentraltotheMayanheartland,saidstudyco-authorAndreDroxler,anEarthscientistatRiceUniversity.FromAD300toAD700,theMayancivilizationflourishedintheYucatanPeninsula.TheseancientMesoamericansbuiltgreatpyramids,masteredastronomyanddevelopedbothawritingsystemandacalendarsystem,whichisfamousforpredictingthattheworldwouldendin2012.ButinthecenturiesafterAD700,thecivilization'sbuildingactivitiesslowedandtheculturefellintowarandunrest.Theevidenceforadroughthasbeengrowinginrecentyears.A2012studyinthejournalScienceanalyzeda2,000-year-oldstalagmite(石筍)fromacaveinsouthernBelizeandfoundthatsharpdecreasesinrainfallcoincidedwithperiodsofdeclineintheculture.Butthedatacamefromjustonecave,whichmeantitwasdifficulttomakepredictionsfortheareaasawhole,Droxlersaid.Tolookforsignsofadrought,theteamdrilledthesedimentsintheBlueHoleofLighthouseLagoon.Thelagoonsaresurroundedonallsidesbythickwallsofcoralreefs.Duringstormsorwetterperiods,excesswaterrunsofffromriversandstreams,overtopstheretainingwalls,andisdepositedinathinlayeratthetopofthelagoon.Fromthere,allthesedimentsfromthesestreamssettletothebottomofthelagoon,pilingontopofeachotherandleavingarecordofthehistoricalclimate.TheteamfoundthatduringtheperiodbetweenAD800andAD1000,whentheMayancivilizationcollapsed,therewerejustoneortwotropicalcyclones(氣旋)everytwodecades,asopposedtotheusualfiveorsix.Afterthat,theMayansmovednorth,buildingatsitessuchasChichenItza,inwhatisnowMexico.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明瑪雅文明的消失是由當(dāng)時(shí)干旱的氣候造成的。4．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4?A．TheachievementsoftheMayancivilization.B．ThepredictiontheMayancivilizationmade.C．TheeffectstheMayancivilizationhadonhumans.D．ThebackgroundwheretheMayancivilizationbegan.答案：A段落大意題。從文章第四段的主旨句即第一句可以得出，本段主要是講瑪雅文明在這一時(shí)期的成就，故答案為A項(xiàng)。5．WhatdidAndreDroxlerthinkoftheanalysisofthe2,000-year-oldstalagmite?A．Amazing. B．Ridiculous.C．Reasonable. D．Unreliable.答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段最后一句可知，AndreDroxler認(rèn)為這種數(shù)據(jù)具有片面性，不可靠，故答案為D項(xiàng)。6．WhathappenedafteranextremedroughtbetweenAD800andAD1000?A．TheMayansweresufferingaheavyflood.B．TheMayanssuddenlydisappearedfromtheEarth.C．TheMayanswereoftenattackedbytropicalcyclones.D．TheMayansmovedtoplacesthatisnowcalledMexico.答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一句可知，答案為D項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Foroveronehundredandfiftyyears,Americansofallsocialclasseshavewornbluejeans.__1__Whethertheyarewornforworkorforfashiontoday,Strauss'inventioncontinuestobepopularnotonlyamongAmericansbutalsoamongpeoplearoundtheworld.LeviStrausswasborninGermanyin1829.__2__HegrewupinKentuckybeforemovingtoNewYorkin1847.BeforebeinganAmericancitizenandmovingtotheWestin1853,Straussworkedinhisbrother'sdrygoodsbusiness.Thisgavehimachancetoproducehisfamousinvention.Afterthegoldrushof1849,StraussdecidedtomovetotheWesttoseekhisfortune.Straussdidnotwanttobeapersonwhosearchedanareaforminerals.Instead,heknewhecouldmakeagoodlivingbysellingsuppliestotheminers.Atfirst,heplannedtosellsewingsuppliesandclothes.__3__Whenheheardminersplainingthattheirclotheswereeasilybrokenortheyusuallytoretheirpocketsduringmining,hedecidedtouseaspecialfabrictomakepantsfortheminers.Thesepantsprovedsopopularthathequicklyranoutofmaterialstomakemore.In1873,StraussreceivedaletterfromaJewishtailornamedJacobDaviswhohadinventedaprocessofconnectingpocketswithcopperrivets(鉚釘).Thismadethepantslastalongtime.BecauseDavisdidnothavethemoneytopatenthisidea,heofferedtoshareitwithStraussifStrausswouldagreetopayforthepatent.__4__BythetimeStraussdiedin1902,hehadmadeagreatcontributiontoAmericanfashion.__5__ThebusinesshasbeengrowingeversinceandLeviStrauss'panyisnowoneofthelargestclothingpaniesintheworld.A．Asayoungboy,hemovedwithhisfamilytotheUnitedStates.B．Nobodyknewwhatkindofmaterialwassuitable.C．HedidandLevijeanshavebeenmadewithmetalrivetseversince.D．However,hedidnotgetmuchbusinessforthoseproducts.E．HealsomadeagreatcontributiontoAmerica'sclothingindustry.F．SincetheywereinventedbyLeviStrauss,theyhavebeeasymbolofAmericanconsumerculture.G．Asthebusinessgrew,Straussgotmuchmoneyfromit篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了美國人李維·斯特勞斯發(fā)明牛仔褲的簡史。1．F根據(jù)下句中的“Strauss'inventioncontinuestobepopularnotonlyamongAmericansbutalsoamongpeoplearoundtheworld”可知，自從斯特勞斯發(fā)明牛仔褲以來，牛仔褲已成為美國消費(fèi)文化的象征，不僅在美國人中很受歡迎，而且在世界各地的人群中也很受歡迎，所以選F項(xiàng)。2．A空前講述他出生在德國，空后講在搬去紐約前他在美國的肯塔基長大，由此可見他曾搬過家，A項(xiàng)“當(dāng)他還是一個(gè)小男孩時(shí)，他和他的家人一起搬到了美國”符合語境，所以選A項(xiàng)。3．D本段中的“Atfirst”是解題關(guān)鍵。D選項(xiàng)中的“However”與“Atfirst”相對應(yīng)，用來說明他起初計(jì)劃出售縫紉用品和服裝，然而，他并沒有從中得到太多業(yè)務(wù)，D項(xiàng)符合語境，所以選D項(xiàng)。4．C根據(jù)上句中的“heofferedtoshareitwithStraussifStrausswouldagreetopayforthepatent”及全文內(nèi)容可知，選C項(xiàng)。斯特勞斯愿意支付專利，因而李維牛仔褲從此使用金屬鉚釘。5．EE選項(xiàng)中的“Healsomadeagreatcontribution”與上文中的“hehadmadeagreatcontribution”相對應(yīng)，故選E項(xiàng)，用來說明LeviStrauss對美國服裝業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。[2017·全國卷Ⅱ]In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLo