2022-2023學年安徽省滁州市定遠縣某中學高一（下）月考英語試卷（5月份）（附答案詳解）

絕密★啟用前

2022?2023學年安徽省滁州市定遠縣育才學校高一（下）月考英

語試卷（5月份）

學校:___________姓名：___________班級：考號：

注意事項：

L答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應題目的答案標號涂黑；如需改動，用

橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第I卷（選擇題）

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）

A

Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhymanychoosetostayinahostel（旅）.Thehostelsin

Romeofferabedinadormroomtoraround$25anight,andfor（hat,you'lloftengettostayinacentral

locationwithsecurityandcomfort.

IfIhadtomakejustonerecommendationforwheretostayinRome,itwouldbeYellowHostel.It'soneof

thebest-ratedhostelsinthecity,andforgoodreason.It'saffordable,andit'sgotafunatmospherewithout

beingtoonoisy.Asanaddedbonus,it'sclosetothemaintrainstation.

Ifyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceisfun.Staff

membersholdplentyofbareventsforguestslikefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke.There'salsoanarea

on（herooftopforhangingoutwithothertravelersduring（hesummer.

Ifyou'relookingforcleanlinessandamodernhostel,looknofurtherthanYouthStation.itoffersbeautiful

furnishingsandbeds.Thereareplentyofotherbenefits,too：itdoesn'tchargecitytax；ithasbothair

conditioningandaheatertortheroams：italsohasfreeWi-Fiinever)rroom.

HotelandHostelDes/Xrtisiesislocatedjusta10-minuiewalkfromthecentralcitystationandit'scloseto

allof(hecity'smainattractions.Thestaffisfriendlyandhelpful,providingyouwithamapofthecity

whenyouarrive,andofferingadviceifyourequiresome.However,youneedtopay2eurosadayfor

Wi-Fi.

I.Whatisprobably(hemajorconcernoftravelerswhochoosetostayinahostel?

A.Comfort.B.Security.C.Price.D.Location.

2.Whichhostelbestsuitspeoplewhoenjoyanactivesociallife?

A.YellowHostel.B.HostelAlessandroPalace.

C.YouthStationHostel.D.HotelandHostelDesArtistes.

3.WhatisthedisadvantageofHotelandHostelDesArtistes?

A.Itgetsnoisyatnight.B.Itsstaffistootalkative.

C.ItchargesforWi-Fi.D.It'sinconvenientlylocated.

B

AboutamonthafterIjoinedFacebook,IgotacallfromLoriGoler,ahighlyregardedseniordirectorof

marketingateBay.Shemadeitclear(hiswasabusinesscall,"Iwanttoapplytoworkwithyouat

Facebook,"shesaid."Insteadofrecommendingmyself,Iwanttoaskyou：Whatisyourbiggestproblem,

andhowcanIsolveit?"

Myjawhitthefloor.Ihadhiredthousandsofpeopleover(hepreviousdecadeandnoonehadeversaid

anythingremotelylikethat.Peopleusuallyfocusonfindingtherightroleforthemselves,withthe

implicationthattheirskillswillhelpthecompany.LoriputFacebook'sneedsfrontandcentcr.ltwasa

killerapproach.Iresponded,"Recruitingismybiggestproblem.And,yes,youcansolveit."

Lorineverdreamedshewouldworkinrecniiting,butshejumpedin.Sheevenagreedtotradeearningsfor

acquiringnewskillsinanewfield.Lorididagreatjobrunningrecruitingandwithinmonthswaspromoted

tohercuiTcntjob,leadingPcoplc@Faccbook.

Themostcommonmetaphorforcareersisaladder,butthisconceptnolongerappliestomostworkers.As

of2010,theaverageAmericanhadelevenjobsfromtheagesofeighteentoforty-sixalone.Lorioften

quotesPattieSellers,whocameupwithamuchbettermetaphor："Careersareajunglegym,nota

ladder."

AsLoridescribesit.(here'sonlyonewaytogettothetopofaladder,buttherearemanywaystogetto

thetopofajunglegym.Thejunglegymmodelbenefitseveryone,butespeciallywomenwhomightbe

startingcareers,switchingcareers,gettingblockedbyexternalbarriers,orreenteringtheworkforceafter

takingtimeoff.Theability(ocreateauniquepathwithoccasionaldips,detours(彎路)?andevendead

endspresentsgreatviewsofmanypeople,notjustthoseatthetop.Onaladder,mostclimbersarestuck

staringatthebuttofthepersonabove.

4.WhydidLorimakeihecall?

A.ShehelpedFacebooktosolvethebiggestproblem.

B.ShewantedtomakeabusinessdealwithFacebook.

C.ShetriedtoaskforapayriseinFacebook.

D.ShewantedtobecomeanemployeeinFacebook.

5.Whatimpressed"I"byLori?

A.Loriwasgoodalrunningrecruiting.

B.LoriattachedgreatimportancetoFacebook'sneeds.

C.LorijumpedinFacebookwithnoadequateexperience.

D.LoriwasskilledinmarketingateBay.

6.WhatcanweinferfromIhepassage?

A.Nowallpeopledon't(endtoclimbtheladder.

B.Noneoniheladdercanenjoythegrealviews.

C.Junglegymsofferlimitedexplorationforemployees.

D.Apregnantwoman,jobless,benefitslittlefromthejunglegyms.

7.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.It'saJungleGym,NotaLadder.

B.Facebook'sBiggestProblem.

C.ApplyingforaJobinFacebook.

D.AJungleGymisBetterthanaLadder.

c

Scientistshavediscoveredthatratshaveadaptedtomodernhumanlife,evenadaptingtheirdietstothe

citiestheylivein.

Thescientistsclaimthatitcouldbepossiblethathumansandratshavehadsimilarchangesintheirgenetic

make-up,duetomoderncitylife.ThedownsideofthechangesintheDNAisthattheycouldmakerats

suscemibletothesamehealthproblemsashumans,suchaspollutantsandsugaryfoods.

Thestudyshowedthatrats'dietshavealsoadaptedtotheirenvironment.InNewYork,youcanseethem

eatbagelsandbeer；inParis,theylikecroissantsandbutter.Theyadaptinamazingways.Thescientists

alsoanalyzedthegenomes（基因組）of29NewYorkratsandcomparedthemwiththoseofninebrown

ratsfromHeilongjiangProvince,north-eastChina.Thefindingshowedthatdozensofratgeneshadbeen

throughmajorDNAchangesoverthecenturies,astheratsspreadfromAsiatoEuropeandAmerica,and

fromthecountrysideandintocities.

Thechangedgeneswereassociatedwithdiet,behavior,andmovement,whichaddedpressuresand

challengesfortheratlooverconie.Thiscouldreflectthefactthaturbanratshavetomovethroughhighly

artificialenvironmentsthatareverydifferentfromnaturalhabitais.Sothesegenechangesmighthave

evolvedtohelpthemmovemoreeasilythroughundergroundchannelsandpipes.

Astheratsarecloselyassociatedwithcity-livinghumans,thescientistsbelievethatitispossiblethat

similarchangeshavehappenedinbothspecies.

InOctober2019,scientistsusedratstosuccessfullytestanenzyme（酶）thatcouldbeusedtohelppeople

quitsmoking.Twogroupsofratsweretrainedtoself-administernicotine,andovertwoweekstheir

nicotineintakesincreased,suggestingaddition.Then,onegroupofra（swasgiven（heenzyme,which

ledloadecreasednicotineinlake.Thescientistssaythatiheenzymecouldbedevelopedforhumanusein

thefuture.

8.WhichofthefollowingbestexplainsIheunderlinedphrase"susceptibleto"inparagraph2?

A.Notlikelytobecuredof.B.Beingdisease-resistanlto.

C.Verylikelytobeaffectedby.D.Beingthoroughlyexposedto.

9.Whatdoestheauthorintendloshowinthethirdparagraph?

A.RatsinthecityareparticularaboutIheirfood.

B.Ratsindifferentcitieshavedifferentgeneticmake-up.

C.Ratsarcdistributedineverycontinentof(heearth.

D.Ratshavebeenadjustingthemselvesto(heenvironment.

10.Whatisthepurposeoftestinganenzymeonrats?

A.Toexplorerats'survivalability.

B.Tohelppeoplestopsmoking.

C.Tolearnmoreaboutcityrats.

D.Totellapartnicotineandenzyme.

11.Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?

A.RatsHaveAdapted(oModernHumanLife

B.RatsintheCityHaveVarietiesofDiets

C.RatsAreMoreAdaptablethanHumans

D.RatsHavetheSameGeneticMake-uptoHumans

D

ItisquiteapparentthatcompetitionsurroundseveryaspectofhumanlifewhetherintheUnitedStatesor

theAmazonrainforest.Withoutitwewouldnothavegrownintoprimates(靈長類動物).Orwewould

probablystillbestrugglingtosharpenabronzetoolwhilecrawlingaroundonfourlegsinsearchof

mcat.Withoutcompc(i(ion,Columbuswouldn'thavediscoveredAmericaandEdisonwouldneverhave

inventedthelightbulb.

Friendship.likeallrelationshipsbetweentwopeople.involvescompctition.ltisn'tcompetitionina

traditionalsensebecausetherearcnogoals(obescoredandnoprizc.Pcrhaps(heecologicaldefinition—

thesimultaneous(同時)demandbytwoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources,suchas

nutrients.livingspace,orlight-betterexplainsit.

Asinnaturc.highschoollifeisgovernedbyasetoflaws,similartoashortenedversionofDanvin'stheory

ofevolution.ovcrpopulation.andcompctition.Thcrcisanabundanceofhighschoolstudentsandto

distinguishthem,rankingandcategorizing(分類)takeplace.Inhighschool,friendshipslearntocoexist

withcompetitioneventhoughattimestherelationshipisrough.Infact,insomecircumstancc,compctition

istoomuchofaburdenforafriendshiptobcar.causingittofallapart.Collegeadmissionisthefinalhigh

schoolobjcctive.Fouryearsofhardworkistoachievegoodgradcs,andastudent'sfateisdeterminednot

onlybytheseachicvcmcnts.butby(herecordsofthousandsofotherseniorstryingtoachieveasimilar

recognition.

Nevertheless,bynecessity.competitionbetweenstudentsexistsinallaspectsofhighschoollife.ilsetsand

improvesthestandardsineverythingfromsportsloschoolwork.Aheallhyjriendlycompetitioncanhave

onlybenefits,butwhenitbecomestoofierce,jealousy(妒忌)cantearfriendshipsapart.Yet,despi(eall

this,withoutcompetilion,wewouldbelost.

12.Wha(doestheecologicaldefinitionmainlyexplain?

A.Howtowinthecompetition.

B.Howfriendscompetewitheachother.

C.Whatcompetitionexactlyis.

D.Whattheresultofcompetitionis.

13.Accordingto(hewriter,wecaninferthathighschoolstudemscompeteisbecause.

A.theyknowthelawsofnaturewell.

B.theyaredividedintodifferentgroups.

C.friendshipisaburdenforihem.

D.thenumberofthemistoolarge.

14.Whichbestdescribestherelationshipoffriendshipandcompetition?

A.Friendshipisalwaysbasedoncompetition.

B.Thedegreeofcompetitionisvitaltofriendship.

C.Competitionisaresultoflostfriendship.

D.Competitionisterriblyharmfullofriendships.

15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkof"competition"?

A.Theresultofcompetitionareoutofcontrol.

B.Competitionbecomesfierceinhighschool.

C.Competitioniscertaintohappenatschool.

D.Friendshipisnotasimporuntascompetitionatschool.

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共12.5分)

HowtotestbestIt'sbacktoschool,whichmeansit'sbacktotests,whichmightalsomeansit'sbacklo

beingmajorlystressedout.(I)Herearesomesimpleways(opreparethoroughlyfortests.

Schedulestudytime.

Tryingtodoallstudyingthenightbeforeatestmakesitimpossibletomasterallthematerials.(2)

Instead,prepareforatestbyschedulingstudytimeeachdayforseveraldaysbefore.

Useyourlimewisely.

(3)Also,makesureyouhaveall(hesupplies(用具)youneedtostudysoyoudon'tlosefocus.

Whilestudying,besuretomakeregularshortbreaks.Gelasnack,takeabathroombreakorplayaquick

computergamewhenitfeelsasifyourbrainisabouttoexplode.

(4)_______________

Studyingwithaparentorfriendscanhelpyouunderstandthematerialbetterandtolearnfromoneanother.

Haveeverypersonorpairtakeapartofthematerial,andcomeupwithquestionstoquizthegroup.Keep

thegroupsmall.Haveeveryonelaketurnsasthegroupleader,whowillassignthematerial,andmakesure

thatconversationstaysonwhatisbeingstudied.

Don'tforgetlast-minutepreparation.

Haveyoursharpenedpencilsandotherthingsinyourbagreadylhenighlbeforethetest.It'simportantto

getagoodnight'ssleepandtheneatingahealthybreakfastthenextmorning.(5)

Also,studyingallthewayupuntiltesttimecanonlycreatemoreanxiety.Slopstudyinganhour

beforehand.

A.Formastudygroup.

B.Slaycoolbeforethetest.

C.Itdoesn'thaveiobeihisway.

D.Thiswillhelpyoustoreimportantinformation.

E.Thisway,bothyourmindandbodyarefullyprepared.

F.Beforestudying,clearyourdesksoyoucanconcentrate.

G.Itwillalsomakeyoutiredandstressedonthedayofthetest.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共15小題，共15.0分)

OnJanuary15,2016.1awokeat2：30ambecauseIneededwater.Afterdrinkingsome.Iwaswalkingback

upstairsfromthekitchenwhen1(21)thebulldog(牛頭犬).Rock.WhenImadeittothebottomofthe

stairs,hewasrunningup.Buthehadnever(22)tothestairsbefore.NowIknowthatwashiswayof

informingmeofthe(23).

WhenIturnedaround.Isawsomelighl.bulIrememberedIhadn't(24)alighton.Walking(25)toit.Ifound

itwasfire.ltbecameabigfiresoon.(26)shoutingtomywife(owakeupandgetourthreekids,Icutoutthe

plasticthatcoveredthewindowtothe(27).ThenIhurriedlygoteverybodyoutontheroof.We(28)for

help,buthelpnevercame.

Thefirebecameveryfierce(兇猛的).Evenworse,!wasscaredofheightsandhadphvsical(29)mv

rheumatoidarthritis(類風濕性關節(jié)炎),butIcouldn'tmind.IjustjumpedandgotinjuredwhenI(30),

butIdidn'tcareaboutit.

Ifoundour(31)?placeditagainstthehouse.andclimbedbackupto(herooftosaveothers.WhenItriedto

saveRock.heiust(32)intheblacksmoke.Ineversawhim(33)again.

I'mnoiahero,bu(Rockisjinjusra(n)(34)personhelpingmywifeandchildrenwhilehelivedio(35)us.

21.A.heardB.raisedC.rememberedD.ignored

22.A.lookedupB.comeupC.usedupD.pickedup

23.A.resultB.effectC.dangerD.injury

24.A.passedB.heldC.putD.turned

25.A.lateB.happilyC.closeD.quietly

26.A.ImmediatelyB.CarefullyC.CuriouslyD.Luckily

27.A.floorB.roofC.worldD.path

28.A.paidB.appliedC.stoodD.shouted

29.A.featuresB.advantagesC.backgroundsD.issues

30.A.flewB.landedC.wavedD.struggled

31.A.dogB.branchC.ladderD.rope

32.A.wrestledB.jumpedC.disappearedD.played

33.A.pleasedB.aliveC.energeticD.formal

34.A.kindB.significantC.braveD.ordinary

35.A.protectB.greetC.believeD.appreciate

第II卷（非選擇題）

四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

36.Chopsticksareshapedpairsofequal-lengthsticksthathavebeenusedin(hekitchenandonthe

tableinalmostallofEastAsiaforover6,000years.First(I)(use)bythe

Chinese,chopstickslaterspreadtootherlocations(2)(include)

Japan,Korea.Malaysia,Singapore,ThaiIandandVietnam.

InancientChina,chopstickssignifiedfarmorethantools(3)takefoodtothemouth,andthey

alsosignifiedstatusandrules"can"and"can't".DuringtheNorthernSongDynasty,(4)

officialnamedTangSuoncehaddinnerwiththeemperor.Hewasnotwellinformedinnobletable

mannersand(5)(lay)downhischopstickshorizontallyon(hetablebeforetheemperor

did.Asaresult,hewassenttoafrontierareaasa(6)(punish).

Actually,therewereoveradozentaboosconcerningchopsticks.Forexaniple.theycouldnotbeplaced

(7)(vertical)intoadish,asthiswasawayofmakingsacrificestothedead.Dinerscould

nottap(8)pushadishwithchopsticks,noruseachopstickasafork.Whentakingfoodjhey

couldnorlei(heirchopsticksgofromonedish(oanotherorcrossever(9)ofoihers.When

dinerswanted(10)(put)downtheirchopsticksduringameaLtheywouldplacethem

lengthwaysonachopslickholderorontheplateoniheirright-hardside.Manyofthesechopstick

(aboosarevalidtothisday.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

五、書面表達（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）

37.你們班同學打算周六去爬香山.請給外教Chris寫一封英文信，邀請他參加此次活動.具

體內(nèi)容如下：

1.時間：8am-5pm：

2.集合地點：校門口:

3.交通工具：公交車；

4.攜帶物品：雨具，午餐，相機.

注意：I.詞數(shù)不少于50：

2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫：

3.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù).

DearChris,

Yours,

Joe.

38.Onacoldwindyday.apx)rboytriedtopayhiswaythroughschoolbysellinggoodsdoorto

door.Wanderingon(hestreel.hewasnotasuccessfulseller.What'sworse,hefoundthatheonlyhad

onedime(一角硬幣)left.Hisemptystomachremindedhimconstantlythatfordayshehadn'teaten

anything.Hehadnochoicebultobegforamealalthenexthouse.Hesitantlyheknockedat

door.lhinkingaboutwhattosaywhenitopened.However.helosthisnervewhenalovelyyoung

womanopenedthedoor."WhatcanIdoforyou?"askedtheyoungwoman.Theboypausedfora

while"Wouldyoupleasegivemesome…adrinkofwater?"(heboydarenotiolookdirectlyinto

hereyes.Shelookedatthebonyboyandthoughthemightneedsomethinglogivehimenergysoshe

broughthimaglassofmilk.Hisheadrisingandsmallhandstakingthecup.hedrankitupslowly.and

(henasked,"HowmuchdoIoweyou?""Youdon'towemeanything,"sherepliedwithawarmsmile

onherface."Mymotherhastaughtmenevertoacceptpayforakindness."Deeplymoved,hesaid

sincerely,"ThenIshallthankyoufromthebottomofmyheart,"AsHowardKellyleftthathouse,he

notonlyfeltstrongerphysically,butitalsoincreasedhisfailhinGodandthewholehumanrace.Asa

matteroffact.hewasabouttogiveupandquitbeforethatpoint.

Yearslatertheyoungwomanbecamecrilicallyill.However.thelocaldoctorswereunabletogivethe

effectivemedicaltreatment.Finallytheysentherloahospitalinthebigcity.wherespecialistscanbe

calledintocureherraredisease.Amongthosefamousspecialists.Dr.HowardKellywascalledinfor

theconsultation.WhcnhehcanJthenameofihctownshecamefrom,astrangelightfilledhis

eyes.Immcdiately.hcroseandwentdownthroughthehospitalhallintoherroom.

注意：

I.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應為150左右：

2.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好。

ParagraphI:

Dressedinhisdoctor'sgown,hewentintoseeher.

Paragraph2：

Thebillwassenttoherroom.

答案和解析

1?3.【答案】C、B、C

【解析】(1)C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一?段第一句Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhymany

choosetostayinahostel(旅社).對旅行者來說，羅馬可能很昂貴，這就是許多人選擇住旅社的原

因。可知,旅游的人選擇住旅社是因為價格原因。結(jié)合選項:A.Comfort.舒適;B.Security.安全;

C.Price.價格；D.Location.位置。故選C。

(2)氏細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文HostelAlessandroPalace中的Ifyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebest

hostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceisfun.Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguests

likefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke.There'salsoanareaontherooftopforhangingoutwithother

travelersduringthesummer.如果你喜歡社交旅館，這是羅馬最適合你的旅館。旅舍亞歷山德羅宮是

有趣的。工作人員為客人舉辦大量的酒吧活動，如免費酒水，酒吧爬和卡拉OK。屋頂上還有一

個區(qū)域，夏天可以和其他游客一起出夫玩°可知.在這個旅館會有大量的社交活動,因此適合熱

衷社交的旅客。故選B。

(3)C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HotelandHostelDesArtistes中的However,youneedtopay2eurosaday

forWi-Fi.但是，你需要支付2歐元/天的Wi-Fi費用?？芍@個酒店需要付費才能上網(wǎng)。結(jié)合選

項：A.ltgetsnoisyatnight"晚上會很吵”；B.Itsstaffistootalkative"它的職員太健

談了"；C.ltchargesforWi-Fi"對Wi-Fi收贄”；D.It'sinconvenientlylocated"它的位置不

方便”。故選C。

這是一篇廣告。文章介紹了旅游城市羅馬幾個熱門的酒店，它們有不同的風格，供您選擇。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因為閱讀理解題一?般沒有

標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；

其次細讀題材，各個擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，

帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強

的針對性，對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，

才能做到穩(wěn)、準。

4?7.【答案】D、B、A、A

［解析】1.D.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第一段"Iwant（oapplytoworkwithyouatFacebook,"可

知；打電話的目的就是想到Facebook來應聘工作：故選D.

2.B.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第二

段LoriputFacebook'sneedsfrontandcenter.Itwasakillerapproach.Iresponded,可知她和其他應

聘者不同的是她最關心的是公司的需要，將公司的需要和發(fā)展放到了首要位置，而不是僅僅關心

自己的前途：故選B.

3.A.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第四段第一句Themostcommonmetaphorforcareersisaladder,

butthisconceptnolongerappliestomostworkers.可知現(xiàn)在并不是所有的人都傾向于向高職位上爬

（出人頭地）：其他三項和文中的內(nèi)容描述不完全相符.故選A.

4.A.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章可知本文強調(diào)的核心話題是不是公司的等級吸引著從業(yè)者，而是公

司的發(fā)展需要激勵著從業(yè)者適時地提高自己的技能來應對千變?nèi)f化的社會發(fā)展，所以

It'saJungleGym,NotaLadder.作為文章的標題更吻合文章的主題：故選A.

本文是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，文章主要介紹了一個特殊的應聘者感動了作者，這個人應聘不是直

接描述自己的特長和想應聘的職位，而是詢問公司的需求是什么，從而引發(fā)了作者更深的思考.

考查學生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題F進行比

較，再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事

實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.

8?11.【答案】C、D、B、A

【解析】（1）。詞義推測題.第二段第一句提到”

Thescientistsclaimthatitcouldbepossiblethathumansandratshavehadsimilarchangesintheirgenel

icmake-up,duetomoderncilyli佗."（科學家宣稱人類和老鼠在基因構(gòu)成方面有相似的變化，這

是有可能的），再由劃線短語所在句"ThedownsideofthechangesintheDNA"（基因變化的負面

影響），"thesamehealthproblemsashumans（和人類相同的健康問題），由此可推測，劃線短語

所在句的意思是‘基因變化的負面影響是，它們可能使老鼠容易受到和人類相同的健康問題的影響

”，所以劃線短語的意思是“易受影響”.故選C.

（2）D.推理判斷題.第三段首句提到

"Thestudyshowedthatrats'dietshavealsoadapted（otheirenvironment."（研究表明老鼠已經(jīng)適

應了它們的環(huán)境".）接下來舉例："Thescientistsalsoanalyzedthegenomes（基因組）

of29NewYorkratsandcompared（hemwiththoseofninebrownratsfromHeilongjiangProvince.

north-eastChina.ThefindingshowedthatdozensofratgeneshadbeenthroughmajorDNAchangeso

verthecenturies,astheratsspreadfromAsiatoEuropeandAmerica；

andfromthecountrysideandintocities."（紐約和巴黎的老鼠以驚人的方式適應著，并提到科學家

把紐約老鼠和黑龍江棕鼠的基因作比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)老鼠基因已經(jīng)發(fā)生變化.）由此可推測，第三段主

要是想說明“老鼠已經(jīng)使自己適應了環(huán)境”.故選D.

（3）B.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句"InOctober2019,scientistsusedraisiosuccessfullytest

anenzyme（附）thatcouldbeusedtohelppeoplequitsmoking."（在2019年10月，科學家使用

老鼠成功地測試了一個可以幫助人們戒煙的酶）可知，科學家用老鼠測試酶是為了幫助人們戒

煙.故選B.

（4）A.標題歸納題.第段Scientistshavediscoveredthatratshaveadaptedtomodernhumanlife,

evenadaptingtheirdietstothecitiesiheylivein.（科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，老鼠已經(jīng)適應了現(xiàn)代人類的生活，

甚至適應了它們所居住的城市的飲食.）是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述一

項調(diào)查結(jié)果，科學家宣稱老鼠已經(jīng)通過改變基因構(gòu)成，適應了現(xiàn)代的城市生活，所以“老鼠己經(jīng)

適應人類現(xiàn)代生活”適合作文章標題.故選A.

這是一篇說明文.科學家宣稱老鼠已經(jīng)通過改變基因構(gòu)成，適應了現(xiàn)代的城市生活.

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關系，對

未說明的趨勢或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷：或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事

例給以解釋.讀者首先要仔細閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點.

12?15.【答案】C、D、B、C

【解析】（DC.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Itisn'tcompeutioninatraditionalsensebecausethere

arenogoalstobescoredandnoprize.Perhapstheecologicaldefinition-thesimultaneousdemandby

twoormoreorganismsforlimitedenvironmentalresources,suchasnutnenls.livingspace,orlight-better

exphinsii.“這不是傳統(tǒng)意義上的競爭，因為沒有進球和獎品。也許生態(tài)學的定義--兩個或兩個以上

的有機體同時需要有限的環(huán)境資源，如營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)、生存空間或光線-更好地解釋了這一點。生態(tài)

定義解釋了競爭是什么。故C項正確。

（2）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thereisanabundanceofhighschoolstudentsandtodistinguish

themjankingandcategorizingtakeplace.”有大量的高中生,為了區(qū)分他們,進行排名和分類?？芍?，

造成高中生競爭的原因是高中生數(shù)量過于龐大，故D項正確。

（3）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Ahcalthy.fricndlycompetitioncanhaveonlybenefits,but

whenitbecomestoofierce.jealousycantearfriendshipsapart."友好的競爭能帶來好處，但當競爭過

于激烈時，妒忌會把友誼撕裂，由此推知競爭的程度對友誼至關重要，故B項正確。

（4）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Nevertheless,bynecessity.competitionbetweenstudentsexists

inallaspectsofhighschoollife."然而，學生之間的競爭不可避免地存在于高中生活的各個方面?？?/p>

知，作者認為學校肯定存在競爭.故C項正確。

本文是一篇說明文，介紹了競爭推動了人類社會的發(fā)展以及如何在競爭和友誼中尋求平衡。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語

句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是耍在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分

析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

16?20.【答案】C、G、F、A、E

【解析】（I〉C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)前句

It'sbacktoschool,whichmeansit'sbacktotests,whichmightalsomeansit'sbacktobeingmajorlysire

ssedout表示”又回到學校，意味著又回到了考試，也可能意味著又回到了壓力很大的狀態(tài)”；以及

后句Herearesomesimplewaystopreparethoroughlyfortests表示"這里有一些簡單的方法來為測試

做充分的準備”，可知表示"不一定要這樣”的選項C可以起到承上啟下的作用，故選C.

（2）G.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前句

Tryingtodoallstudyingthenightbeforeatestmakesitimpossibletomasterallthematerials表示"試

著在考試前一天晚上復習所有的學習內(nèi)容不可能使你掌握所有的內(nèi)容”，可知表示“它也會讓你在

考試當天感到疲憊和壓力”的選項G符合前后的語境，ii代指

Tryingtodoallstudyingthenightbeforeatest,故選G.

（3）F.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)后句Also,makesureyouhaveallthesupplies（用具）

youneedtostudysoyoudon'tlosefocus表示"同時，確保你有學習所需的所有用品，這樣你就不會

失去注意力”，可知表示“在學習之前，整理一下你的桌子，這樣你就可以集中注意力了”的選項F

符合前后的語境，focus和concentrate是關聯(lián)詞，故選F.

（4）A.主旨判斷題。根據(jù)后句

Studyingwithaparentorfriendscanhelpyouunderstandthematerialbetterandlolearnfromoneanolh

cr表示"與父母或朋友一起學習可以幫助你更好地理解材料，并相互學習"，以及后文對學習小組

的介紹，可知表示"組成一個學習小組"的選項A符合本段的主題，Sludyingwithaparentorfriends

和astudygroup是關聯(lián)詞，故選A.

(5)E.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)主題句Don'tforgetlast-minuteprepar