大學(xué)英語六級真題及答案解析

2012年6月16日大學(xué)英語六級考試真題附答案

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions：Forthispart,youarcallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicThe

ImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbut

nomorethan200words.

TheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart.Youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswer

thequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoices

markedA）、B）、C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiven

inthepassage.

TheThree-YearSolution

HartwickCollege,asmallliberal-artsschoolinupstateNewYork,makesNewYork,makes

thisoffertowellpreparedstudents:earnyourundergraduatedegreeinthreeyearsinsteadoffour,

andsaveabout543,000—theamountofoneyear'stuitionandfees.Anumberofinnovative

collegesaremakingthesameoffertostudentsanxiousaboutsavingtimeandmoney.Thafsboth

anopportunityandawarningforthebesthigher-educationsystemintheworld.

TheUnitedStateshasalmostalloftheworld'sbestuniversities.ArecentChinesesurvey

ranks35Americanuniversitiesamongthetop50,eightamongthetop10.Ourresearch

universitieshavebeenthekeytodevelopingthecompetitiveadvantagesthathelpAmericans

produce25%ofalltheworld'swealth.In2007,623,805oftheworld'sbrighteststudentswere

attractedtoAmericanuniversities.

Yet,therearesignsofperil（危母）withinAmericanhighereducation.U.S.collegeshaveto

competeinthemarketplace.Studentsmaychooseamong6,000public,private,nonprofit,for

profit,orreligiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Inaddition,almostallofthe532billionthe

federalgovernmentprovidesforuniversityresearchisawardedcompetitively.

Butmanycollegesanduniversitiesarestuckinthepast.Forinstance,theideaofthe

fall-to-springlischoolyear"hasn'tchangedmuchsincebeforetheAmericanRevolution,whenwe

wereasummerstretchnolongermakessense.FormerGeorgeWashingtonUniversitypresident

StephenTrachtenbergestimatesthatatypicalcollegeusesitsfacilitiesfbracademicpurposesa

littlemorethanhalfthecalendaryear/€Whilecollegefacilitiessitidle,theycontinuetogenerate

maintenanceexpensesthatcontributstothehighcostofrunningacollege,nhehaswritten.

Withinacademicdepartments,tenure（終身職位），combinedwithage-discriminationlaws,

makesfacultyturnover-criticalforauniversitytoremaincurrentinchangingtimes-difficult.

Insteadofprotectingspeechandencouragingdiversityandinnovativethinking,thetenuresystem

oftenslifles（壓制）lhem:youngerprofessorsmustwintheapprovalofestablishedcolleaguesfbr

tenure,encouraginglike-mindednessandsometimesinhibitingthefreeflowofideas.

Meanwhile,tuitionhassoared,leavinggraduatingstudentswithunprecedentedloandebt.

Strongcampuspresidentstomanagetheseproblemsarebecominghardertofind,andtokeep.In

fact,studentsnowstayoncampusalmostaslongastheirpresidents.Theaverageamountoftime

studentsnowtaketocompleteanundergraduatedegreehasstretchedtosixyearsandseven

monthsasstudentsinterruptedbywork,inconveniencedbyunavailableclasses,orluredbyone

morefootballseasonfindithardtograduate.

CongresshastriedtohelpstudentswithcollegecoststhroughPellGrantsandotherformsof

tuitionsupport.Butsomeoftheirfixeshavemadetheproblemworse.Thestackofcongressional

regulationsgoverningfederalstudentgrantsandloansnowstandstwiceastallasIdo.Fillingout

theseformsconsumes7%ofeverytuitiondollar.

Forallofthesereasons,somecollegeslikeHartwickarerethinkingtheoldwayofdoing

thingsandquestioningdecades-oldassumptionsaboutwhatacollegedegreemeans.Forinstance,

whydoesithavetotakefouryearstoearnadiploma?Thisfall,16first-yearstudentsandfour

second-yearstudentsatHartwickenrolledintheschoofsnewthreeyeardegreeprogram.

Accordingtothecollege,theplanisdesignedforhigh-ability,highlymotivatedstudentwhowish

tosavemoneyortomovealongmorerapidlytowardadvanceddegrees.

Byeliminatingthatextrayear,thereyeardegreestudentssave25%incosts.Insteadoftaking

30creditsayear,thesestudentstake40.DuringJanuary,Hartwickrunsafourweekcourseduring

whichstudentsmayearnthreetofourcreditsonoroffcampus,includinganumberof

internationalsites.Summercoursesarenotrequired,butastudentmayenrollinthem-andpay

extra.Threeyearstudentsgetfirstcrackatcourseregistration.1herearenochangesinthenumber

ofcoursesprofessorsteachorintheirpay.

Thethree-yeardegreeisn'tanewidea.Geniuseshavealwaysbreezedthrough.Judson

College,a350-studentinstitutioninAlabama,hasofferedstudentsathree-yearoptionfor40years.

Studentsattend“shorttcrms^^inMayandJunetocamthecreditsrequiredforgraduation.Bates

CollegeinMaineandBallStateUniversityinIndianaareamongothercollegesoffering

three-yearoptions.

Changesatthehigh-schoollevelarealsohelpingtomakeiteasierfbrmanystudentstoeam

theirundergraduatedegreesinlesstime.Oneoffivestudentsarrivesatcollegetodaywith

AdvancedPlacement(AP)creditsamountingtoasemesterormoreofcollegelevelwork.Many

universities,includinglargeschoolsliketheUniversityofTexas,makeiteasyfortheseAP

studentstograduatefaster.

Forstudentswhodon'tplantostopwithanundergraduatedegree,thethree-yearplanmay

haveanevengreaterappeal.Dr.JohnSergent,headofVanderbiltUniversityMedicalSchoofs

residency（住院醫(yī)生）program,enrolledinVanderbilt'sundergraduatecollegein1959.He

enteredmedicalschoolafteronlythreeyearsasdidfourorfiveofhisclassmates."Myfirstyear

ofmedicalschoolcountedasmysenioryear,whichmeantIhadtotakethreetofourlabsaweek

togetallmysciencesin.Ibasicallyskippedmysenioryear,“saysSergent.Hestillhadtimetobe

astudentsenatorandmeethiswife.

Thereare,however,drawbackstomovingthroughschoolatsuchabriskpace.Forone,it

deprivesstudentsoftheluxuryoftimetoroam（遨游）intellectually.Compressingeverythinginto

threeyearsalsoleaveslesstimeforgrowingup,engaginginextracurricularactivities,and

studyingabroad.Oncrowdedcampusesitcouldmeanfeweropportunitiesiogetintoaprized

professor'sclass.Iowa'sWaldorfCollegehasgraduatedseveralhundredstudentsinitsthree-year

degreeprogram,butitnowphasingouttheoption.MostWaldorfstudentswantedthefull

fbur-yearexperience—academically,socially,andathletically.Andfacultymemberswillbewary

ofanychangethatthreatensthecorecurriculuminthenameofmovingstudentsintothe

workforce.

“Mosthighgovernmentalofficialsseemtoconceiveofeducationinthislight—asawayto

ensureeconomiccompetitivenessandcontinuedeconomicgrowth/*DerekBok,formerpresident

ofHarvard,told1heWashingtonPost."1stronglydisagreewiththisapproach/5Anotherrisk:the

newcampusschedulesmighteventuallyproducelessrevenuefortheinstitutionandlonger

workinghoursforfacultymembers.

Adoptingathree-yearoptionwillnotcomeeasilytomostschool.Thosethatwishtotackle

traditionandmakeAmericancampusmorecost-consciousmayfinditeasiertotake

Trachtenberg'sadvice:opencampusesyear-round."Youcouldruntwocompletecolleges,with

twocompletefaculties,“hesays."That'swithoutcuttingthelengthofstudents'vacations,

increasingclasssizes,orrequiringfacultytoteachmore.”

Whethertheyexperimentwithihree-yeardegrees,offeryear-roundclasses,challengethe

tenuresystem-oralloftheabove—universitiesareslowlyrealizingthattostaycompetitiveand

relevanttheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworld.

Expandingthethree-yearoptionmaybedifficult,butitmaybelessdifficultthanasking

Congressforadditionalfinancialhelp,askinglegislatorsformorestatesupport,oraskingstudents

evenhighertuitionpayments.Campuseswillingtoadoptconvenientschedulesalongwithmore

focused,less-expensivedegreesma>findthattheyhaveacompetitiveadvantageinattracting

bright,motivatedstudents.ThesesortsofinnovationscanhelpAmericanuniversitiesavoidthe

perilsofsuccess.

注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。

1.WhydidHartwickCollegestartthree-yeardegreeprograms?

A)Tocreatechancesforthepoor.C)Toenrollmorestudents.

B)Tocutstudents'expenses.D)Tosolveitsfinancialproblems.

2.ByquotingStephenTrachtenbergtheauthorwantstosaythat.

A)Americanuniversitiesareresistanttochange

B)thesummervacationcontributestostudentgrowth

C)collegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectiveuse

D)thecostsofrunningauniversityaresoaring

3.TheauthorthinksthetenuresysteminAmericanuniversities.

A)suppressescreativethinkingC)guaranteesacademicfreedom

B)createsconflictsamongcolleaguesD)isasignofagediscrimination

4.Whatissaidaboutthenewthree-yeardegreeprogramatHartwick?

A)Itsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditseachyear.

B)Non-creditcoursesareeliminatedaltogether.

C)Itsfacultymembersteachmorehoursaweek.

D)Somesummercoursesareofferedfreeofcharge.

5.WhatdowelearnaboutJudsonCollege'sthree-yeardegreeprogram?

A)Ithasbeenrunningforseveraldecades.

B)Itisopentothebrighteststudentsonly.

C)Itisthemostsuccessfulinthecountry.

D)Ithasmanypracticalcoursesonoffer.

6.Whatchangesinhighschoolshelpstudentsearnundergraduatedegreesinthreeyears?

A)Curriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents*needs.

B)MorestudentshaveAdvancedPlacementcredits.

C)Moreelectivecoursesareofferedinhighschool.

D)Theoverallqualityofeducationbasimproved.

7.Whatissaidtobeadrawbackofthethree-yearcollegeprogram?

A)Studentshavetocopewithtooheavyaworkload.

B)Studentsdon'thavemuchtimetoroamintellectually.

C)Studentshavelittletimetogainpracticalexperience.

D)Studentsdon'thaveprizedprofessorstoteachthem.

8.Collegefacultymembersareafraidthatthepretextofmovingstudentsintotheworkforce

mightposeathreatto.

9.Universitiesareincreasinglyawarethattheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworldin

orderto.

10.Convenientacademicscheduleswithmore-focused,less-expensivedegreeswillbemore

attractiveto.

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.At

theendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththe

conversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.

Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichis

thebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethrough

thecentre.

注意:此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答.

11.A)TheseriousaccidentmayleaveAnnaparalyzed.

B)ThemanhappenedtoseeAnnafallonherback.

C)TheinjurywillconfineAnnatobedforquiteawhile.

D)Thedoctor'stherapyhasbeenverysuccessful.

12.A)Themancouldwatchtheballetwithher.

B)Shehappenedtohaveboughttwotickets.

C)Shecangetaballetticketfortheman.

D)Herscheduleconflictswithhersister's.

13.A)Hewillsendsomeonerightaway.

B)Hehastodootherrepairsfirst.

C)Thewomancancalllaterthatday.

D)Thewomancantrytofixitherself.

14.A)lakeupcollectionnextweek.

B)Givehiscontributionsometimelater.

C)BuyanexpensivegiftforGemma.

D)Borrowsomemoneyfromthewoman.

15.A)Declinetheinvitationasearlyaspossible.

B)AskTonytoconveythankstohismother.

C)TellTony'smotherthatsheeatsnomeat.

D)Addmorefruitsandvegetablestoherdiet.

16.A)Theincreasingcrimerate.

B)Theimpactofmassmedia.

C)Thecirculationofnewspapers.

D)Thecoverageofnewspapers.

17.A)Limitthenumberofparticipantsintheconference.

B)Checkthenumberofpeoplewhohaveregistered.

C)Providepeoplewithadviceoncareerdevelopment.

D)Movetheconferencetoamorespaciousplace.

18.A)Theapartmentisstillavailable.

B)Theapartmentisclosetothecampus.

C)Theadvertisementisoutdated.

D)On-campushousingishardlosecure.

Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Totesthowresponsivedolphinsaretovarioussignals.

B)Tofindoutifthefemaledolphinisclevererthanthemaleone.

C)Toseeifdolphinscanlearniocommunicatewitheachother.

D)Toexaminehowlongittakesdolphinstoacquireaskill.

20.A)Producetheappropriatesound.

B)Presstheright-handleverfirst.

C)Raisetheirheadsabovethewater.

D)Swimstraightintothesametank.

21.A)Onlyonedolphinwasabletoseethelight.

B)Themaledolphinreceivedmorerewards.

C)Bothdolphinswereputinthesametank.

D)Theleverwasbeyondthedolphins'reach.

Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Inabotanicalgarden.

B)Inalectureroom.

C)Inaresorttown.

D)Onacattlefarm.

23.A)Itisanidealplaceforpeopletoretireto.

B)Itisatthecentreofthefashionindustry.

C)Itremainsveryattractivewithitsmineralwaters.

D)IthaskeptmanytraditionsfromVictoriantimes.

24.A)Itwasnamedafteralandownerintheolddays.

B)ItislocatedintheeasternpartofHarrogate.

C)Itisprotectedasparklandbyaspeciallaw.

D)Itwillbeusedasacentrefbrathletictraining.

25.A)Thebeautifulflowers.

B)Therefreshingair.

C)Themineralwaters.

D)ihevastgrassland.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,you

willhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryou

hearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).

ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Passageone

Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.A)HespecializesfbrUniversitystudents.

B)HestartspecializedsinseUniversity.

C)Hespecializedininterpersonalrelationship.

D)Hespecializesininterpersonalrelationship.

27.A)Studentswhoscoredlowstandardizedtests.

B)Blackfreshmenwithhighstandardizedtestscores.

C)Studentswhoareaccustomedtolivingindorms.

D)Blackstudentsfromfamilieswithlowincomes.

28.A)Theyatthecollegedormsattheendofthesemester.

B)Theywereoftheuniversity'shousingpolicy.

C)Theygenerallyspendmoretimetogetherthatwhitepairs.

D)Theybrokeupmoreoftenthansame-raceroommates.

29.A)Theirracialattitudesimproved.

B)Theirtestscoresrosegradually.

C)Theygrewboredofeachother.

D)Theystarteddoingsimilaractivities.

Passagetwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

30.A)Itwillbecomepopulargradually.

B)Itwillchangetheconceptoffood.

C)Ithasattractedworldwideattention.

D)Itcanhelpsolveglobalfloodcrises.

31.A)Ithasbeenincreasedovertheyears.

B)IthasbeendrasticallycutbyNASA.

C)Itisstillfarfrombeingsufficient.

D)Itcomesregularlyfromitsdonors.

32.A)Theyarelesshealthythanweexpected.

B)Theyarenotasexpensiveasbelieve.

C)Theyaremorenutritiousanddelicious.

D)Theyarcnotasnaturalaswebelieved.

PassageThree

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.A)Hehasbettermemoriesofchildhood.

B)Hewasaccusedoffamilyviolence.

C)Heisahabitualcriminal.

D)Hewaswronglyimprisoned.

34.A)Thejury'sprejudiceagainsthisrace.

B)Theevidencefoundatthecrimescene.

C)Thetwovictims'identification.

D)Thetestimonyofhistwofriends.

35.A)TheUSjudicialsystemhasmuchroomforimprovement.

B)Frightenedvictimscanrarelymakecorrectidentification.

C)Eyewitnessesareoftenmisledbythelayer'squestions.

D)Manyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofwitnesstestimony.

SECTIONB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadfor

thefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthe

secondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43with(heexactwords

youhavejustheard.Forblanksnumbered44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissing

information.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwrite

downthemainpointsinyourownv/ords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadfbrthethirdtime,you

shouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

注意：此部分的試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

About700,000childreninMexicodroppedoutofschoollastyearasrecession-stricken

familiespushedkidstowork,andaweakeconomicrecoverywillallowonlya

(36)improvementinthedrop-outratein2010,atopeducation(37)said.

Mexico'seconomysufferedmorethananyotherinLatinAmericalastyear,(38)

anestimated7percentduetoa(39)inU.S.demandforMexicanexports

suchascars.

The(40)ledtoa4percentincreaseinthenumberofkidswholeft(41)

ormiddleschoolin2009,saidJuandeDiosCastro,who(42)thenation's

adulteducationprogramandkeepsaclosewatchondrop-outrates.

“(43)roseandthatisafactorthatmakesourjobmoredifficult."Castrotold

Reutersinaninterviewearlierthismonth.

(44)______________________________________________________________________________

.Asaresult,drop-outrateswillnotimprovemuch,Castrosaid.

“Therewillbesomeimprovement,butnotsignificant/'Castrosaid.

(45)______________________________________________________________________________

.Andchildrenoftensellcandyandcraftsinthestreetsorwordin

restaurants.

(46)______________________________________________________________________________

.Mexico'spoliticianshaveresistedmendingthecountry'stax,

energyandlaborlawsfbrdecades,leavingitseconomybehindcountriessuchasBrazilandChile.

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.

Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswer(hequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewest

possiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Infaceofglobalwarming,muchefforthasbeenfocusedonreducinggreenhousegas

emissionsthroughavarietyofstrategies.Butwhilemuchoftheresearchandinnovationhas

concentratedonfindingless-pollutingenergyalternatives,itmaybedecadesbeforeclean

technologieslikewindandsolarmeetasignificantportionofourenergyneeds.

Inthemeantime,theamountofCO2intheairisrapidlyapproachingthelimitsproposedby

theIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).“Aslongaswe'reconsumingfossilfuels,

we'reputtingoutCO2,,,saysKlausLackner,ageophysicistatColumbia,University”Wecannot

lettheCO2intheatmosphereriseindefinitely.”

ThatsenseofurgencyhasincreasedinterestincapturingandstoringCO2,whichtheIPCC

sayscouldprovidethemorethan50%reductioninemissionsthoughtneededtoreduceglobal

warming."Weseethepotentialforcaptureandstoragetoplayanintegralroleinreducing

emissions,saysKimCorley,Shell'ssenioradvisorofCO2andenvironmentalaffairs.That

forwardthinkingstrategyisgainingsupport.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyrecentlyproposed

putting$1billionintoanew$2.4billioncoal-burningenergyplant.Theplant'scarbon-capture

technologieswouldserveasapilotprojectforothernewcoal-burningplants.

Butwhatdoyoudowiththegasonceyou'vecapturedit?Oneoptionistoputittonewuses.

DakotaGasificationofNorthDakotacapturesCO2ataplantthatconvertscoalintosynthetic

naturalgas.Itthenshipsthegas200milesbypipelinetoCanada,whereitispumpedunderground

inoilrecoveryoperations.IntheNetherlands,ShelldeliversCO2tofarmerswhopipeitintotheir

greenhouses,increasingtheiryieldoffruitsandvegetables.

However,scientistssaythatthescaleofCO2emissionswillrequirevastamountsof

long-termstorage.SomeproposestoringtheCO2incoalminesorliquidstorageintheocean,

ShellfavorsstoringCO2indeepgeologicalstructuressuchassaline(鹽的)formationsand

exhaustedoilandgasfieldsthatexistthroughouttheworld.

注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

47.Whataresuggestedasrenewableandless-pollutingenergyalternatives?

48.WhatdoestheauthorsayisaforwardthinkingstrategyconcerningthereductionofCO2

emissions?

49.OnewayofhandingthecapturedCO2assuggestedbytheauthoristostoreitand.

50.ThroughusingCO2,Dutchfarmershavebeenableto.

51.Long-termstorageofCO2isnoeasyjobbecauseof.

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions

orunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthe

bestresults.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmore

efficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.

What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsof

goal-setting.

Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupand

downbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowthe

long-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,and

unethical(不道德的)behavioringeneral.

“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,thesame

motivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivate

peopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors,“saysMauriceSchweitzer,anassociate

professoratPenn'sWhartonSchool.

“Itturnsoutthere*snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal---youjustgetapsychological

benefit”Schweitzersays.44Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomicrewardsthatmakethemmore

powerful.

AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapseofenergy-trading

giantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecific

revenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable.

Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemto

lie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposedasalesquotaonits

autorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocompleteunnecessary

repairsonacompanywidcbasis.

Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethat

commendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhis

leam'suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-settingiswidely

over-prescribed

Inarebuttal(反駁)paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:t4Goal-settingisnotgoingaway.

Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethanan

individualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.”

ButSchweitzercontendsthe4mountingcausalevidence“l(fā)inkinggoal-settingandharmful

behaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.

“Evenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,“hesays.

“Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethat

withcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethegoalsthatyouuseare

goingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmtheorganization,Schweitzersays.

注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

52.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyaboutgoal-setting?

A)Itsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenneglected.

B)Thegoalincreasepeople'sworkefficiency.

C)Itsrolehasbeenlargelyunderestimated.

D)Thegoalsmostpeoplesetareunrealistic.

53.WhatdoesMauriceSchweitzerwanttoshowbycitingtheexampleofEnron?

A)Settingrealisticgoalscanturnafailingbusinessintosuccess.

B)Businessesarelesslikelytosucceedwithoutsettingrealisticgoals.

C)Financialincentivesensurecompaniesmeetspecificrevenuegoals.

D)Goalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalpower.

54.HowdidSears'goal-settingaffectitsemployees?

A)Theywereobligedtoworkmorehourstoincreasetheirsales.

B)Theycompetedwithoneanothertoattractmorecustomers.

C)Theyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeettheirsalesquota.

D)Theyimprovedtheircustomerserviceonacompanywidebasis.

55.Whatdoadvocatesofgoal-settingthinkofSchweitzer'sresearch?

A)Itsfindingsarenotofmuchpracticalvalue.

B)Itexaggeratesthesideeffectsofgoal-setting.

C)Itsconclusionisnotbasedonsolidscientificevide