MPA戰(zhàn)略管理 城市管理系

MPA戰(zhàn)略管理城市管理系第三講戰(zhàn)略匹配StrategicMatch內(nèi)外條件的分類ClassificationofInternalandExternalConditions優(yōu)勢Strengths:競爭優(yōu)勢competitiveadvantage+stableandhealthyinternalatmosphere（穩(wěn)定、健康的條件）.弱勢Weaknesses:競爭弱勢competitivedisadvantages+anunstableandunhealthyinternalatmosphere（不穩(wěn)定的內(nèi)部條件）一、優(yōu)勢和弱勢

StrengthsandWeaknesses1.優(yōu)勢Strengths(1)核心競爭力Distinctivecompetency(leverage):productdesign,lowcost,highefficiency,leadershipinproductinnovation,abilitytoinfluencelegislation,controlofcostandother,massiveavailabilityofcapital,CRM-customerrelationsmanagement.Exles:Toyota—quality;Benz—image,IBM—service;CocaCola—internationalbrandrecognition;HP—innovation;AT&T—technologicalexpertise.開發(fā)Developingadistinctivecompetency利用Exploitingdistinctivecompetency保護(hù)Protectingdistinctivecompetency1.優(yōu)勢Strengths(2)穩(wěn)定器stabilizers:maintenancestrengthFairwagesandsalaries;goodworkingconditions;efficientemployeehiringpractices,promotionfromwithin,aclearsenseofmission,efficientworkflow,availabilityofexecutivetrainingprogram,effectivesuperior-subordinatecommunication.組織正常運(yùn)作的必要條件。2.弱勢Weaknesses(1)下沉者Sinkers關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)大問題，災(zāi)難來臨。largeholeintheshipstructureShoddyworkmanshipordefectivemerchandise;poorcustomerservice;badlocation;disloyalemployees,lackofproductinnovation,poorcreditline;lackofleadershipandmanagerialskillsatthecorporatelevel.(2)動(dòng)蕩者Destabilizers保證順利航行內(nèi)部權(quán)責(zé)不清Lackofclearjobdescriptions,widespanofsupervision,deviationfromthecompany’spolicyofpromotionfromwithin;poorworkingcondition;inadequateexecutivetrainingprogram.3、如何判斷優(yōu)勢和弱勢？1、歷史的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)HistoricalCriterion特定條件下，將現(xiàn)在與過去的績效進(jìn)行比較。2、競爭的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)CompetitiveCriterion和第一名相比，處于何種地位。3、名義的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)NormativeCriterion“Howthingsoughttobe”insteadofwith“howthingsare”與最新的理論研究成果相比。二、機(jī)會(huì)和威脅

OpportunitiesandThreats1.機(jī)會(huì)Opportunities市場增長等Growthofcustomer;exitofcompetitor;increasesofsuppliers,abundancesoflabor;fewgovernmentregulations,populationgrowth,culturalchanges,lowerinflation，favorabletechnologicalbreakthroughs,improvedpoliticalrelationsbetweenacountryandforeignnationwithlargemarket.2.威脅ThreatsDeclineinthesizeofthecustomerbase,entryofapowerfulcompetitorintotheindustry,decreaseinthenumberofsuppliers,increaseinthecostofrawmaterials,shortageoflabor,greatergovernmentregulations,adverseculturaltrends,higherinflationrates,recession,higherunemploymentrates,deteriorationinthepoliticalrelationsbetweentwocountries,andsoon….

1.機(jī)會(huì)Opportunities

(1)未來的機(jī)會(huì)FutureOpportunitiesEarlydetection(2)現(xiàn)在的機(jī)會(huì)CurrentOpportunities----漸進(jìn)性evolvedopportunities;----突發(fā)性suddenopportunities;----潛在hiddenopportunities.2.威脅Threats未來的威脅FutureThreats現(xiàn)在的威脅CurrentThreats----漸進(jìn)的evolvedthreats----突發(fā)的suddenthreats----潛在的hiddenthreats3.變威脅為機(jī)會(huì)Turningthreatstoopportunities決斷力Earlyrecognition三、戰(zhàn)略匹配StrategicMatch1.杠桿力Leverage----StrengthstoOpportunities----Strategicwindow(windowofopportunity）2.維持力Maintenance----StrengthstoThreats----maintainorprotecttheirmarketposition3.局限力Constraint--Weaknessestoopportunities----abiggovernmentbureaucracyvs.theprivatesector4.脆弱力Vulnerability----WeaknessestoThreatsSWOT分析

波特M.E.Po