高中英語完形填空技巧

專題：高考英語完形填空答題技巧完型填空試題主要特點：1.

通常從一篇300-350詞左右，文章中設(shè)空20個，首句不挖空2.干擾項設(shè)計嚴(yán)密：一般情況下，四個選項的詞性相同或?qū)儆谕然驅(qū)Φ确懂?，干擾項填入后在語法上一般不存在錯誤，對考生有很大的迷惑作用；3.突出語篇(語境)，強調(diào)應(yīng)用，注重交際。主要考查考生對上下文的理解，要求通過語境來作出選擇。四個選項語法方面都能成立，錯誤選項多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某種搭配，極具干擾和迷惑作用。做完形填空題，需要我們立足語篇環(huán)境，樹立全局觀念，瞻前顧后，連貫思維，從語境角度來選擇答案。4.大多富有積極的教育意義，給人以人生的啟迪或是充滿了生活情趣；為什么我們在這一題型上總是失分較多?1）沒嚴(yán)格遵循答題步驟:很多考生拿到完形填空題就急于選擇答案，不認(rèn)真分析通篇文章，單純求快，忽略語篇理解，只看局部的詞義辨析、搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。表面上解題速度挺快，但是這種見樹不見林的做法只會影響解題的質(zhì)量和效率。切記:一定要用2-3分鐘時間先進(jìn)行缺詞閱讀,弄清文章大意和基本脈絡(luò)后再逐個填空.2）不注意積累答題技巧:a.忽略文章首句的提示作用；b.忽略文章中上下文之間的照應(yīng)關(guān)系;c.遇到長句不注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),在語義模糊時抱碰運氣的心理隨意作出選擇.3.時間安排不當(dāng):在幾個選項上過分糾纏，追求完美，導(dǎo)致許多本可以做出的題來不及做。切記:正確的做法是由易到難，先做會做的，再考慮較難的。強烈推薦：如尚有幾題題目不確定可將某題的可能的兩項填入空格,然后快速地整句整段地默讀,選擇某一項習(xí)慣或短語或動賓搭配讀起來較流暢的.正確的完形填空的解題步驟：（把握整體，具體分析）1）細(xì)讀首句,跳過空格，通讀全文，把握大意2）結(jié)合選項，綜合考慮，初定答案3）瞻前顧后，先易后難，各個擊破4）再讀全文，反復(fù)檢查1)細(xì)讀文章的第一句話高考完形填空選文的第一句話通常是完整的。該句往往就是主題句（TopicSentence），這就為我們理解文章的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系提供了一個“窗口”，它的句意往往為全文提供中心信息，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主題。充分重視首句的標(biāo)示作用，利用它為解題找到一個突破口，據(jù)此展開思維，爭取開局勝利。對于敘事，描述類文章。短文的首句，往往點明故事發(fā)生的人物(who),時間（when），地點(where)，和事件(what)等背景情況。例：Itwasabusymorning，about8:30,whenanelderlygentlemaninhis80scametothehospital.……2010全國卷（I）對于論述文，首句表明了論述的主題。起到揭示主題的作用。例如：Amanwhoknowshowtowriteapersonalletterhasaverypowerfultool.Alettercanbeenjoyed,readand21.…….2010全國卷（II）高考完形填空考什么？詞匯題;篇章結(jié)構(gòu)(語境)-----句際關(guān)系2)結(jié)合選項：實用技巧1.尋找關(guān)鍵信息詞來選答案（上下文和前后句的提示，包括復(fù)現(xiàn)、同/近義詞、反義詞，暗示等）例1：NormanCousinswasabusinessmanfromtheUnitedStateswhooftentraveledaroundtheworldonbusiness.Heenjoyedhis____1____andtraveling.1.A.time B.holidayC.sleepD.work接著讀下文：Then,afterreturningtotheUnitedStatesfroma_2___triptotheUnionofSovietSocialistRepublic(USSR),Mr.Cousinsgotsick.2.A.boring B.tiringC.dangerousD.pleasant例2：Anoldlion____initscaveandpretendedtobeill,whensomeanimalscametovisitit,thelionkilledandatethem.Aslept B.layC.lyingD.feltsick例3；Mrs.Blackwouldaskmeformy2.ShewantedtoknowhowIthoughtweshouldhandlethings.AtfirstIhadnoideahowtoanswerbecauseIknow_4_aboutstagedesign!2.A.opinionB.impressionC.informationD.intention4.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything2.用比較判斷法來選擇答案例1：PagodaStreetisastreetlikemanyothers–notvery__1___,notverywide,___2____wideenoughfortwobusestopass.Butitisa__3___streetallthesame,particularlyduringtherushhour.1.Aclear B.clean C.farD.fresh2.A.also B.even C.and D.only3.A.famousB.useful C.busyD.free例2：TheancientGreekthinkerDiogenessaidthattherewasonlyonegood,namely(也就是),knowledge;andonlyone___1___,namely,__2__.1.A.better B.best C.nice D.evil2.A.ignorance B.disbeliefC.laziness D.death3.根據(jù)表示關(guān)系的詞判斷語境關(guān)系。常見的詞有：though（雖然）,atthesametime（往往比較兩個不同的動作）,evenso（盡管如此）,instead（此外）,onthecontrary（恰恰相反）,ontheotherhand（另一方面）,similarly（同樣）,but,however（然而）等。如：Ahorseandadonkey,eachbearingaburden,werebeingledbytheirmaster.Thedonkeyaskedthehorsetotakepartofitsburden,foritwasverytired;____thehorserefused.A.but B.then C.and D.so4.詞語的習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配1.）ThechancepassedandIdidn’t1it.ItooktheexamthenextdayandIwon.Ididn’t2tocheat,butIwasstillcheatinganyhow.（06江蘇試卷1.A.takeB.haveC.loseD.find2.A.rememberB.learnC.meanD.pretend2)Thehappiestpeopledon'tnecessarilyhavethebestofeverything;theyjust____thebestofeverythingtheyhave.A.learnB.makeC.favorD.try3)Ihavetoworklatetonight.IdoubtifI'llbeableto____itontime.A.reachB.keepC.takeD.make5.從詞匯的意義及用法辨析詞義1)Withherslowandclumsyreactions,shewouldsurely____herteam.AholdonB.holdoutC.holdoverD.holdup2)SoonIhearda＿likethatofadoorburstin.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shout3).(2010江蘇卷)Myfather36metoherwiththesewords:“Iwouldlikeyoutomeetthefellowwhois……36.A.rushedB.sentC.carriedD.introduced6.根據(jù)生活常識及文化背景知識進(jìn)行選擇1).ImademysandwichthatafternoonwhilewaitingforCassie.39thebutter-creamgavemeanidea.A.SpreadingB.BoilingC.BakingD.Holding2).(2010福建)BorninAmerica,IspokeEnglishnotChinese，thelanguageofmyancestors.WhenIwasthree.，myparentsflashedcardswithChinese36atmyface,butIputthem(aside),……36.A.customB.gamesC.charactersD.language3)(Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe___hospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest7句際關(guān)系:1.語法手段2.邏輯手段1.語法手段.1)ShewasFrench---perhapsfromthatplace___heusuallyspenthisholidays.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.how2)Theinstructorthen___thatwefindwaystomakeapologizetopeople.A.expectedB.suggestedC.toldD.said2.邏輯手段:讓步關(guān)系,轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因果關(guān)系,解釋關(guān)系,順序關(guān)系,并列關(guān)系1.（2010江蘇卷)Thenshelookedatmyfatherandreplied,“Youare40(wrong).Thisisnottheworstboyatall,41thesmartestonewhohasn’tyetfoundanoutlet（釋放的途徑）forhisenthusiasm.”41.A.butB.soC.andD.or2.（2010湖南卷)Beanisawhitedog,quitehandsomeandvery38.38.A.smartB.sweetC.slowD.shy3.（2010安徽卷)Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhand,….Thenthewritingpointofthepen……52,thepenshouldmakeathick,darkline.52.A.MeanwhileB.GenerallyC.AfterwardsD.Finally8.弄清楚語篇理解:作者觀點、態(tài)度解題技巧歸納：上下文語境，常識背景，習(xí)慣搭配，詞義辨析，語法分析，邏輯分析能力提升：1.ManyAfricansarevery()andsotheycan’taffordtoeatmuchmeat.AhealthyB.poorC.richD.weak2.（08全國I）Afterthebirthofmysecondchild,Igotajobatarestaurant.Havingworkedwithanexperienced36forafewdays,Iwas37towaittablesonmyown.36.A.managerB.assistantC.cookD.waitress37A.promisedB.invitedC.allowedD.advised3.…themotherwasholdingtheirbabydaughter,Ally.Thelittlegirlhadsomefoodstuckinherthroat,andcouldhardlybreathe.Mr.Whitedrovethemto2.Theambulancewasrunningveryfastalongtheroad.2.A.thebesthospitalB.thebiggesthospitalC.thenearesthospitalD.theChildren’sHospital4.（NMET2004）Itwasthenightbeforethecompositionwasdue.AsIlookedatthelistoftopics(題目),“TheArtofEatingSpaghetti(意大利面條)”caughtmyeye.Theword“spaghetti”brough