2024北京豐臺高三一模英語試卷含答案

2024北京豐臺高三一模

英語

2024.03

本試卷共12頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必洛答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。

考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四

個選項中，選出最佳選項并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

1hadn'tseenAnneinnearly20yearssincecollege,yetwecouldstillpartylikeoldtimes.Itwasgreattohave

herhere,1ourlives.

Shewaslookingatthefewblooms（花）leflinmyyard.Ihadn'tplantedmuchafterlosingmyjob.Ithadbeena

2yearforme.JustwhenIthoughtIwasdonewith（hebitterness,itwouldallcomerushingbackandthe3thing

onmymindwasflowers.

“Oneofmyhobbiesistakingphotosof4,“shesaidandsteadiedherselfnearthelastroseoftheseason.I

shrugged（聳肩）,wonderingwhyanyonewould.5takingtimetoIcokatalowlyrose.

Suddenlyahotsongrangfromhercellphone."Isetittoremindmetotakemymedicine,“shesaidcalmly.

uAn6formedicine?”Ilaughed."Arewethatold?”

“Formybrain,“shesmiled.havebeendiagnosedwithararecancer,asmalltumor（腫塊）nobiggerthanyour

fingernail,5,shelaughedsoftly.ThalwasAnne-ever7.Evencancerwasnomore（hanjokingabout.

So8thatIwasbeyondwords.

Laternextday,ane-mailfilledwith（heflowerphotospoppedupfromAnne-clearandbeautiful.Shehad

golicnpasttheanger,diepityandunfairness,takingonenioiiiuiilalalimeandpolishingitunlilil9,

Ishiftedmyeyetooutside,andIhadherflowersinfullbloom.Actually,Ialwayshadthem,butitwasAnne

whogotmetoreally10them.

1.A.savingB.watchingC.sharingD.controlling

2.A.normalB.newC.satisfyingD.difficult

3.A.lastB.sameC.onlyD.right

4.A.yardsB.flowersC.partiesD.people

5.A.botherB.avoidC.missD.stop

6.A.awardB.orderC.alarmD.idea

7.A.optimisticB.attractiveC.hard-workingD.confident

8.A.nervousB.shockedC.relaxedD.lucky

9.A.endedB.failedC.shinedD.fruited

10.A.arrangeB.trustC.colourD.appreciate

第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的

空白處用括號內(nèi)所給訶的正確形式填空。

A

Chineserestaurantshaveplayedanimportantroleindifferent11(country)worldwide,wheretherecan

bespecializedversionsofChinesefood.Forexample.GeneralTso'schicken.12(name)afterT$oTsung-tang,

amilitaryleaderoftheQingDynasty,iswhatAmericanslovetoeatbecauseitissweet,fried.Obviously,the

recipe___13___(change)alottosuitdifferentregionaltastes,leadingtovariationsinthecookingmethodused.

B

Beingabletounderstandlocaljokesisoftenseenasagreaticebieakerfbraforeignlanguage

learner14triestostartfriendshipswithnativespeakers.However,when15(study)aforeignlanguage,

abeginneralwaysconsidersjokeshardtounderstand.Mostofthetime,jokesareonlyfunnyforpeoplewhoshare

aculturalbackgroundorunderstandhumorinthesameway.Andthereis16(much)tounderstandingajoke

inaforeignlanguagethanunderstandingvocabulaiyandgrammar.

C

Thedinnerpartyisj7threat,announcedarecentlifestylecolumninTheTimes.Youmightwonder,

“Howcanthisbe?Don'twethrowpartiesfbrfriendsonspecialoccasions?^^Bui18TheTimesworriesabout

isanotherkindofdisappearing.Itisusuallyhostedinone'shome.Invitations19(scnd)outweeksinadvance

and(hehostspreparefood20(careful).Yetnowadays,peopleprefertoeattakeoutfoodontheirsofawhile

jugglingamobilephoneandaremotecontrol.

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

InThailand,human-clcphantconflictisincreasing.Tolocalfarmers,elephantsthreatentheirsafetyand

economiclivelihood.

BringtheElephantHome(BTEH)isanon-profitorganisationwhosemissionistoincreasechancesofsurvival

fbrelephantsandworktowardsaworldinwhichpeopleandelephantscanliveinharmony,benefitingfromeach

other'sexistence.BTEH'sprojectsrootinlocalcommunities.Theirworkischaracterisedbythreeprinciples:local

involvement,ahealthyecology,andbenefitsforpeopleandelephantssimultaneously(同時地).Theyleadtoshared

decisionmaking,ownershipoflocalcommunities,sustainability,andapeacefulcoexistenceofpeopleandanimals.

AgroupofBTEHresearchersandlocalfarmervolunteersareexperimentingwithhowtomaketheplantations

lessappealingtoelephantsandpreventthemfromcomingintothefarms.AndtheTomYumProjectcomesinto

being.

Thenameof(heTomYumProjectcomesfromtheThaisoup.Theingredients(原料)forthesouparechilli,

garlic,lemongrass,andonion-noneofwhichareattractivetoelephants.Thisprojectgiveshopetoalternative

cropsasasolutiontohuman-elephantconflictinThailand.Theprojectworksinthefollowingsteps.

Step1Step2Step3

Workingtogether,farmersplant,waterRegenerative,pesticide-free（無農(nóng)

Thecommunity-runTomYumTree

andmaintainalternativecrops.藥）farmingbenefitsbiodiversity.

Nurserycreatesalternativecrop

seedings

Step4Step5

FarmersharvestcropsandcreateProfitsareusedtorestoreelephant

Consumersmakeadifferenceby

organicproductsineco-friendlylabitatandsupportlocalfarmers.

buyingproductstocreatedemandfor

packaging.

thissolution.

TheToniYumProjectisthefirstresearchandcommunity-basedalternativecropplantinginitiativetopromote

human-elephantcoexistence.Now,somesimilarprojectswillbecarriedoutinSriLanka.

21.Accordingtothepassage,BTEH*smissionisto.

A.developruralcommunitiesB.createhealthyenvironments

C.improvelocaleconomiclivelihoodD.promotehuman-elephantcoexistence

22.1ntheTomYumProject,researchersandlocalfarmers.

A.formsomeguardingteamsB.volunteertocollectingredients

C.experimentwithalternativecropsD.provideelephantswiththeThaisoup

23.Inwhichstepdofarmersturntheharvestedcropsintoorganichoneyorteas?

A.Step2.B.Step3.C.Step4.D.Step5.

B

Two-ManIronman

OnSept.17,2022,Jeffandhisson,Johnny,setouttobeginthefirstofthreelegsoftheIronmancompetition,

wherecompetitorsmustcompletea140milesofswimming,bicyclingandrunninginunder17hours.Notthatlong

ago,Johnnycouldbarelywalkafewstepsbecausehewasbomwithcerebralpalsy（腦癱）.Buthisdreamofbeinga

runnerneverslopped.

FromthedayJohnnywasborn,Jeffrefusedtolethisson'sdisabilityholdhimback.Determinedtoshow

Johnny（hathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete,Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwaking

upat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning,

theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.Soon,theywereentering5Kraces,thenontoIronman

competition.JeffwouldactasJohnny'sarmsandlegs,carryingtheweightofhissonthroughouttherace.

Theracebeganwitha2.4-mileswim.SettlingJohnnyintoakayak,Jeffeasedhimselfintothewater.

Swimmingwhiledragginganotherpersonwasverytough.Butworstofall.Jeffhadtostrugglewithjellyfish.<4I

occupiedmymindbycountingthenumberoflimesIgotsiung（蟄）Jhesays.

Afterthetwomencompletedthetoughbikesectioninroughlyninehours,theysettheirsightsonthefinalleg

oftherace—a26.2-milcmarathon.They'dbeencompetingfor10.5hours,leavinganother6.5hourstomaketheir

time.ButatMile19.Johnnysawtheclocktickingdownandworriedtheywouldn'tmakethecutoff.Despitethe

tiredness,Jeffwasconvincedtheyweregoingallrightandthenpickedupthepace.

Withminutesleftand200feettothefinishline.JeffstoppedtohelpJohnnyoutofhisracingchairandhanded

hin:hisrollingwalker.Afteryearsofpainstakingwork,Johnnywasdeterminedtofinishhisracesonhisown.After

16hours,55minutesand35seconds,thefatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.

AsthecrowdchccrcdonanoverwhelmedJohnny,awearyJeffkeptalowprofile."Myfatherdidn'twanthis

finishlinemoment,4isaysJohnny,tearsineyes.uHewantedittobemine.”

24.WhydidJeffleadJohnnytorunning?

A.TogetclosertoJohnny.B.TofulfillJohnny'sdream.

C.TodiscoverJohnny'sinterest.D.TospeedupJohnny'srecovery.

25.WhatchallengedJeffmostintheswimmingrace?

A.Lackofenergy.B.Painfrominjuries.

C.Mentaltiredness.D.Bodyweightchange.

26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnnyaccordingto（hepassage?

A.Strong-willedandgrateful.B.Warm-heartedandsensitive.

C.Patientandgenerous.D.Toughandhumorous.

27.Whatdocsthepassagemainlytellus?

A.Actionsspeaklouder（hanwords.B.Fathersarenotbom;theyaremade.

C.Thevalueofalovingfatherhasnoprice.D.Successcomesfromfailuresalongthejourney.

C

Timeisoneofhumanity'sgreatestblindspots.Weexperienceitasdays,months,oryears.Butnature

functionsonmuchgranderscales,measuredincenturies,andevenlongerphasesoftengroupedas“deep

Humanity'sshortsightednessaroundtimecreatesmajorlimitsonmodemconservation.Astheclimateand

biodiversitycrisesaccelerate,weareurgentlyworkingtoprotectandregenerateecosystemswithoutunderstanding

hov/theyfunctionedwhentheyweretrulydoingwell.Adeeptimeperspectivecanhelpchangethat.

Takeforestmanagement.Fordecades,ourpracticescalledforall-outpreventionofeventhemildestforest

fires,believingthatfirewasbadforbothpeopleandnonhumannature.Untilrecentlyweignoredtheforest

managementstrategiesindigenous（土著的）communitieshadsuccessfullyusedforcenturies,inparticularthe

applicationofsmall-scalecontrolledburns.Fire,itturnsout,hasalwaysbeenanintegralingredientinhealthy

forestecosystems,promotingnewgrowthbythinningtheunderstory.Today,we'rebeginningtoseewidespread

applicationofindigenousknowledgetoforestmanagement,tappingintothisancientwisdom.

Buthowcanweknowwhatanecosystemlookedlikecenturiesago?Onepathwayisthroughmodem

mathematicalmodeling.Wehavemarrieditwithstreamsoflong-termdataanddiscoveredapossiblewayto

presenetheecosystemofCalifornia'skelpforestByexamininghowNorthPacifickelpforestsexistedlongbefore

the19lhcentury,wefoundthatwe'veignoredthepresenceofakeystonespecies—theSteller'sseacow,anditsrole

inmaintainingtheharmonyotthisecosystem.

Ourmodeldescribedtheinteractionsbetweengiantkelpandunderstoryalgaecompetingforlightandspace

ontheseafloor.Thenweranthemodelagain,butthistimewiththeStellei'sseacowaddedin.Thesemammalsfed

ontheleavesfromtheupperkelplayers.Thisallowedlighttoreachtheseabottom,whichinturnstimulatedthe

growthofnotonlythekelpbutotherkindsoforganisms.Inre-creatingthatvanishedhistoricalsystemthat

includedtheSteller'sseacow,wecouldseeamorediverseforestwheretheunderstoiycompetedbetterwithkelp.

Inshort,whatweassumeweknowaboutanecosystembasedontherecentpastmayimpedeourabilityto

fullyunderstandandprotectit.lbensurethatourboldestconservationeffortsaresuccessful,wemustbegin

lookingallimeasanessentialtool.

28.Accordingtothepassage,whatgetsinthewayofhuman'sconservationefforts?

A.Lackofinsightsintodeep（imeB.Theworseningofbiodiversitycrises

C.Theblindnesstomanagementstrategies.D.Resistancetotakingadeeptimeperspective.

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.IgnoringtheSteller'sseacowledtoecologicalimbalance.

B.Peoplenowprioritizefirepreventionovercontrolledburns.

C.Mathematicalmodelingmattersmorethanindigenousknowledge

D.Harvestingupperkelpleavesencouragesfreshgrowthintheunderstory.

30.Whatdocstheunderlinedword'impede“inthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Bringforth.B.Boostup.C.Shutdown.D.Holdback.

D

SeveraldozengraduatestudentsinLondonwererecentlytaskedwithoutwittingalargelanguagemodel

（LLM）,atypeofAIdesignedtoholdusefulconversations.LLMsareoftenprogrammedwithguardrailsdesigned

tostopthemgivingharmfulreplies:instructionsonmakingbombsinabathtub,say,ortheconfidentstatementof

“facts“thatarenotactuallytrue.

Theaimofthetaskwastobreakthoseguardrails.Someresultsweremerelystupid.Forexample,one

parucipanigotthechatbottoclaimcuckscouldbeusedasindicatorsotairquality.Butthemostsuccessfulefforts

werethosethatmadethemachineproducethetitles,publicationdatesandhostjournalsofnon-existentacademic

articles.

AIhasthepotentialtobeabigbenefittoscience.Optimiststalkofmachinesproducingreadablesummariesof

complicatedareasofresearch;tirelesslyanalysingoceansofdatatosuggestnewdrugsandeven,oneday,coming

upwithhypothesesoftheirown.ButAIconieswithdownsides,too.

Startwiththesimplestproblem:academicmisconduct.SomejournalsallowresearcherstouseLLMstohelp

wriiepapers.Butnoteverybodyiswillingtoadmittoit.Sometimes,thefactthatLLMshavebeenusedisobvious.

GuillaumeCabanac,acomputerscientist,hasuncovereddozensofpapersthatcontainphrasessuchas^regenerate

rcsponscM-thctextofabuttoninsonicversionsofChatGPTthatconrnandstheprogramtorewriteitsmostrecent

answer,probablycopiedintothemanuscript（原稿）bymistake.

AnotherproblemariseswhenAImodelsaretrainedonAi-generateddata.LLMsaretrainedontextfromthe

Internet.Astheychurnout（大量炮制）moresuchtext,theriskofLLMstakingintheirownoutputsgrows.Thatcan

cause“modelcollapse”.【n2023IliaShumailov,acomputerscientist,co-authoredapaperinwhichamodelwas

fedhandwrittendigitsandaskedtogeneratedigitsofitsown,whichwerefedbacktoitinturn.Afterafewcycles,

thecomputer'snumbersbecamemoreorlessillegible.After20itcrations（迭代）,itcouldproduceonlyroughcircles

orblurrylines.

Someworryihalcomputer-generatedinsightsmightcomefrommodelswhoseinnerworkingsarenot

understood.Incxpiainablcmodelsarcnotuseless,saysDavidLeslieatanAl-rescarchoutfitinLondon,buttheir

outputswillneedrigoroustestingin（herealworld.Thatisperhapslessunnervingthanitsounds.Checkingmodels

againstrealityiswhatscienceissupposedtobeabout,afterall.

Fornow,atleast,questionsoutnumberanswers.Thethreatsthatmachinesposetothescientificmethodare,at

theendoftheday,thesameonesposedbyhumans.AIcouldacceleratetheproductionofnonsensejustasmuchas

itacceleratesgoodscience.AstheRoyalSocietyhasit,nulliusinverba:takenobody'swordforit.Nothing's,

either.

31.TheresultofthetaskconductedinLondonshowsthat.

A.LLMsgiveawayusefulinfbnnationB.theguardrailsturnouttobeineffective

C.AI'sinfluencewillpotentiallybedecreasedD.theeffortputintothestudyofAIhardlypaysoff

32.Whatdoes“modelcollapse,,indicate?

A.Thereadabilityofthemodels'outputisunderestimated.

B.Thediversesourcesofinformationconfusethemodels.

C.Trainingonregenerateddatastopsmodelsworkingwell.

D.Thedatawillbecomereliableaftercontinuousiterations.

33.Accordingtothepassage,peoplesworryovertheinexplainablemodelsis.

A.impracticalB.unjustifiedC.groundlessD.unsettling

34.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.FasterNonsense:AICouldAlsoGoWrong

B.ImperfectModels:HowWillAIMakeAdvances?

C.TheRiseofLLMs:AICouldStillBePromising

D.BiggerThreats:AIWillBeUncontrollable

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卜上

將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

“Findyourpassion!”Whendiscussingfuturecareeroptionsorselectingamajorincollege,yourparentsoften

saythis.Theveryexpressionismeanttoinspire.Butisitgoodadvice?

“Finding”apassionimpliesthatitalreadyexistsandissimplywaitingtobediscovered.Unfortunately,this

ideaisnotwhatsciencetellsus.35

Tostudythis,researchersuseaframeworkof“fixed"and"growlh“mindsets.Theyargue（halencouraging

peopleto“find”theirpassionmaycausethemtoeventuallybelieve（hatinterestsandpassionsarcinbornand

relativelyunchangeable.36Incontrast,peoplewhoviewinterestsandpassionsasdevelopedhaveagrowth

mindsetofinterest.

Researchershaverevealedthatafixedmindsetofinterestcandecreasecreativity.Ifpeoplebelievetheyare

limitedtoonlyafewinborninterestsand,inconsequence,donotexploreotherareas,theymaymissseeing

importantconnectionsacrossdomains._37

Evidently,peoplecandoalottoembraceagrowthmindsetofinterest.First,realizethatyourinterestsand

passionsaren'tpre-existing.Takeanactiveroleindevelopingyourpassions.Second,practisepositiveself-talk.

Whenyoulackinterestinanewtask,payattentiontoyourinnerdialogue.38Forexample,change'Tmnot

interestedinthis^^to"I'mnotinterestedinthisyet,butIknowthatinterestcandevelopwithtimeandengagement.”

39Butagrowthmindsetofinterestwillhelpyouremainopenandcurious.Thesciencetellsuswe

shouldworktowardlovingwhatwedo.Wemightbecomemorecreaziveandresilientasaresult.

A.Socanagrowthmindsetofinterestbetaught?

B.Insteadpassions,likeinterests,aredeveloped.

C.Peoplewhothinkthishaveafixedmindsetofinterest.

D.Ofcourse,noteveryactivitywillbecomeaburningpassion.

E.Assuch,seeinginterestsasfixedlimitstheircreativepotential.

F.Don'texpectthatpursuingnewimerestswillalwaysbeeasyorexciting.

G.Replaceself-criticalthoughtswithpositiveonesthatencouragegrowthandlearning.

第三部分書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）

第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。

Inordertotilinandmaketnendsinanewschool,Amandaobservedhowherclassmatesbehavedand

interactedwitheachother.Gradually,sheperfectlyadoptedthemannerismsoftheclassmatesaroundher,laughing

attheirjokes,noddinginagreementwilhtheiropinions,hidingherselfintosomeoneshethoughtotherswantedher

tobeWe'vealldonethese.Thisissocialmasking,theprocessofholdingbackorhidingournaturalwayof

interactingwithotherssowecanfeelaccepted.

Inaworldthatoftentellsustojustbeourselves,youmightwonderwhymanyofusrelyonsocialmasking.

“Socialmaskinghappensbecauseweasaspecieswanttobeincluded,“sayspsychologistDiptiTait."It'sa

（ribal（群體的）lhingofbeingtogetherratherthanbeingonourown.Weallhavecertainmaskstoprotectourselves

fromexposureanddifference.”

Whilemaskingcanhelpusdealwithsocialsituations,itcanalsocomewithnegativeconsequences.Hiding

ourbehavioursandinterestsconstantlycanleadtoastrongfeelingofseparation,disconnection,andinternal

conflict.Asaresult,wemayexperienceaheightenedandincreasedpossibilityofdevelopingdepressionaswe

struggletounderstandsocialsituationsandsignsthatotherstakeforgranted.

Fortunately,amaskisnotourownskin.Wcmayfeelextremelytiredaftersocialengagementsandwantto

spendtimealoneinordertofeellikeourselves.**Thegoalistofeelsafeenoughtoremovethemask,“saysTait.

"I"crucialforindividualsl（）receiveauucpiaiicuandsupportforwhetheyarc,ratherthanfeelingliketheyneedto

hidetheirtrueselvesinordertofitin.^^

40.Whatissocialmasking?

41.Whydomanyofusrelyonsocialmasking?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

>Whenpeoplestruggletounderstandsocialsituationsthatothersconsidernormal,theywillfeellessdepressed.

43.Inadditiontomasking,whatelsecanyoudotofitinwhenyouareinanewenvironment?（Inabout40words）

44.

第二節(jié)（20分）

假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高一-學(xué)生李華。你的英國筆友Chris想了解不同顏