河南專用2020版中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)專題十二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件人教新目標(biāo)版

專題十二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)名詞考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式考點(diǎn)突破一、動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式:to+動(dòng)詞原形,有時(shí)可以不用to。這里的to是動(dòng)詞不定式

符號(hào),本身無(wú)詞義。動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是not(+to)+動(dòng)詞原形。功能例句說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.講英語(yǔ)對(duì)

我們來(lái)說(shuō)不容易。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把動(dòng)詞不定式放在后面表語(yǔ)Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的

工作就是每天打掃這個(gè)房間。多數(shù)情況下,動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?——他喜歡做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)?—Helikestoplaybasketball.——他喜歡打籃球。只能作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),一般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)二、動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役動(dòng)詞或感官動(dòng)詞后,動(dòng)詞不定式省略to(但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中to不能被省略)定語(yǔ)Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有什么要說(shuō)的嗎?動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ),要放在被修飾詞的后面狀語(yǔ)I'msorrytotroubleyou.我很抱歉給你添麻煩了。(表原因)IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.我去圖書館學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。(表目的)動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)要和句子主語(yǔ)

一致1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在后面,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:It

+be+adj.(+for/ofsb.)+動(dòng)詞不定式。如:ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是很有用的。It'simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō),保護(hù)環(huán)境很重要。注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等形容人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后,不用for而用of。2.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)只能作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),一般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如:Iwouldliketoseeafilmthisevening.今晚我想去看電影。注意:(1)常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有agree(同意),plan(計(jì)劃),want(想要),

learn(學(xué)會(huì)),expect(期望),decide(決定),wish(希望),pretend(假裝),arrange(安

排),promise(承諾),refuse(拒絕),prepare(準(zhǔn)備),hope(希望),wouldlike(想要),

manage(設(shè)法)等。(2)find,think等后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),常用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放

在后面。如:IfinditeasytospeakEnglish.我覺(jué)得說(shuō)英語(yǔ)很容易。(3)常見的一些后跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。whynot...,hadbetter(not)...,wouldrather,could/wouldyouplease(not)...。如:Iwouldratherstayintheroom.我寧愿待在房間里。3.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)多數(shù)情況下不定式作表語(yǔ)可轉(zhuǎn)換為主語(yǔ)。如:Hisjobistocleantheofficeeveryday.=Tocleantheofficeeverydayishisjob.他的工作就是每天打掃辦公室。4.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。如:Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西叫他把收音機(jī)調(diào)小點(diǎn)兒聲。tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

如:MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我媽媽鼓勵(lì)我學(xué)日語(yǔ)。注意:還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ),這時(shí)動(dòng)詞不定式要

省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有:一感(feel)、二聽(hear,listento)、三讓(let,make,have)、四

看(lookat,see,watch,notice),但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),必須加上to。5.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)放在被修飾詞之后。(2)作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞,或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定

式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等,不定式后面需有相應(yīng)的介詞。如:TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.布朗一家有一幢舒適的房子可以居住。但是,不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time,place或way時(shí),不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上

省去。如:Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).他沒(méi)錢,也沒(méi)有安居之所。三、“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的用法動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問(wèn)詞連用時(shí)可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如:Whichbooktochooseisaproblem.選哪本書是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。(作主語(yǔ))Ihaven'tdecidedwhentostart.我還沒(méi)有決定何時(shí)動(dòng)身。(作賓語(yǔ))Hetaughtmehowtouseit.他教給我如何使用它。(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))Themostimportantproblemishowtodealwiththiscomputer.最重要的問(wèn)題是如何處理這臺(tái)電腦。(作表語(yǔ))注意:1.“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)化為賓語(yǔ)從句。如:Idon'tknowhowtogetthere.=Idon'tknowhowIcangetthere.我不知道怎么到那里。2.按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,疑問(wèn)詞why后面通常不接不定式。但在以why或whynot開頭的省

略型疑問(wèn)句中,其后可跟不帶to的不定式。如:Youlookunhappy.Whynotgooutforawalk?你看起來(lái)不高興。為什么不出去散步呢?考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)名詞一、動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞由“動(dòng)詞原形+-ing”構(gòu)成,它既具有名詞的特性,在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、

表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ),又保留了動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì),可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。二、動(dòng)名詞的基本用法用法說(shuō)明例句作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;有時(shí)可用it作形式主語(yǔ)Swimmingisgoodforourhealth.It'sinterestingplayingwithchildren.作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞enjoy,practice,finish,mind,miss,keep,sug-

gest,imagine,consider等后面只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓

語(yǔ)HersisterpracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.

某些固定搭配,如:beinterestedin,beproudof,be

worth,beusedto,feellike,giveup,thinkof,take

partin等之后也接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)WeareproudofbeingChinese.Weareusedtolivinginthiscity.作定語(yǔ)通常位于名詞前Theyfoundanotherhidingplace.作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)具有抽象名詞特性Seeingisbelieving.二、動(dòng)名詞的基本用法注意:1.英語(yǔ)中有一些詞或短語(yǔ)后面常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。初中階段常見的有:fin-

ish,enjoy,mind,miss,beworth,bebusy,practice,feellike,beusedto(習(xí)慣于),giveup,

keepon,consider,suggest,can'thelp。我們可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞或短語(yǔ):完成練習(xí)值得忙(finish,practice,beworth,bebusy)繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄(keepon,beusedto,giveup)考慮建議不禁想(consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike)喜歡思念和介意(enjoy,miss,mind)2.下列短語(yǔ)中的to為介詞,后面應(yīng)加動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。makecontributionsto為……做貢獻(xiàn)devoteoneselfto...致力于……,投身于……lookforwardto...期盼……preferAtoB比起B(yǎng)來(lái)更喜歡Abeusedto...習(xí)慣于……3.need,require,want后加動(dòng)名詞等于加不定式的被動(dòng)式。如:Theflowersneedwatering.=Theflowersneedtobewatered.這些花需要澆了。三、動(dòng)詞后接不定式與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別1.

Stoptothinkaboutitforamoment.停下來(lái)想一會(huì)兒。Stoptalking,please.請(qǐng)停止說(shuō)話。2.

Pleaseremembertopostmyletter.請(qǐng)記得把我的信寄出去。Irememberpostingyourletter.我記得把你的信寄出去了。3.

I'llneverforgethearingthispieceofmusicforthefirsttime.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記第一次聽到這首曲子的情景。Iforgottoaskhimforhisaddress.我忘了向他要他的地址了。4.

Pleasetrytodobetternexttime.下次盡力做得更好些。HetriedspeakingtousinEnglish.他試著用英語(yǔ)和我們談話。5.

Goontodotheotherexercisesafteryoufinishthisone.你做完這道練習(xí)題后,接著做其他的。Goondoingtheexercisesafterashortrest.短暫的休息之后繼續(xù)做練習(xí)題。一、單句填空1.(2019河南)—Doyoualwaysgetupsoearly?—Yes,

to

catchthefirstbus.Myhomeisfarawayfromschool.2.(2019天津)Thegovernmentissettingupnatureparks

to

helpprotectpandas.3.(2019江蘇南京)—Doyouhaveanyplansfortheholiday?—Yes,I'mplanningtotraveltoJiuzhaigou.I'mlookingforwardto

seeing

(see)thecolourfullakesandamazingwaterfalls.4.(2019重慶)Hetookoffhisexpensivewatch

to

hidethefactthathewasrich.中考題組5.(2019廣東)Youngpeopleareencouragedtoworkhard

to

achievetheirown

dreams.6.(2019黑龍江哈爾濱)Kidslikereadingstorieswhichcanmakethem

laugh

(laugh).7.(2019吉林)Michaelvisitsmanywebsites

to

learnaboutChineseculture.8.(2019內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特)Itiswise

of

Lindatomakeuphermind

to

learn

toplayaninstrument.9.(2019江蘇蘇州)—Pleasestaywithmethisweekend.—I'msorry,butmyfatherandIplanned

to

visitBeijingalongtimeago.10.(2019四川成都)Smartphones

made

(make)byHuaweiaregettingmore

andmorepopulararoundtheworld.11.(2019甘肅蘭州)Wearesupposed

to

sharesomehouseworkwithourpar-

entswhenwehavefreetime.12.(2019甘肅天水)Isawher

watering

(water)flowersinthegardenwhenI

passedby.13.(2018天津)Harryinvitedme

to

staywithhimwhenhisparentswereoutof

town.14.(2018上海)Suepractises

playing

(play)theviolinhardandoftengiveswonderfulperformances.15.(2018重慶)Itwasraining.Myfatheraskedme

to

takearaincoat.16.(2018廣東)Afterlongyearsofwar,manypeopleinSyriaarehomeless.Ithinkit

important

to

buildapeacefulworld.17.(2018江蘇蘇州)—I'mDaisy,notJessie.—Sorry,Ihavedifficulty

remembering

(remember)people'snames.18.(2018新疆烏魯木齊)Mybikeisbroken.Iwillhaveit

fixed

(fix)uptomor-

rowmorning.19.(2018四川成都)Igotupearlythismorning

to

pickupmygrandmaattheairport.20.(2017河南)Wheneverwekidscomeover,AuntieSusanjuststandsthereand

watchesus

to

makesurewedon'tbreakanything.二、語(yǔ)篇填空閱讀短文,從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空,使短文通順、意思完

整。每空限填一詞,每詞限用一次。seedollarcollectrealboxhopemakepickif

meIdrovetoalocalsupermarket.Myshoppinglistwaslong,butmywalletwaslight.Iparkedmycar,lookeddownatmylistand1

thatIcouldafforditall.AsIwalkedtothedoor,Isawamanwithkindeyesandagentlesmile.Hesaidhe

was2

forafoodbankthathelpedtofeedthehungrypeopleinmyarea.He

gavemeashoppinglistofthingstheycoulduseandaskedme3

Icouldhelp.I

smiledback,tookthelistandwalkedintothestore.I4

wantedtohelp,butI

wasn'tsureifIcouldthistime.I5

upvegetables,bread,milkandsomeotherthings.WhenIlookeddownat

myfullcart(手推車),IwonderedagainifIhadenoughtopay.AsIputmyownlist

backintomypocket,I6

thefoodbanklistunderit.Idecidedtotrust7

heart.Withthefoodbankinmind,Ipickeduptwoofthebiggest8

ofriceandput

theminmycart.Andwheneverythingwastotaled,Ihadjustenoughtopayfor

themall.Ittakessolittleto9

ourworldabetterplace.Afew10

canhelpahungry

child.Asmileandhugcanhelptoheal(治愈)ahurtingheart.1.

hoped

2.

collecting

3.

if

4.

really

5.

picked

6.

saw

7.

my

8.

boxes

9.

make

10.

dollars

一、單句填空1.(2019河南鄭州一模)—Whydidyoubuysomuchchocolate?—

To

supportmysister'sbusiness.She'sjustopenedachocolateshop.2.(2019河南新鄉(xiāng)一模)Iwastiredout,soIstoppedthecar

to

haveashortrest.3.(2019河南開封一模)

To

improveyourEnglish,readmoreEnglishbooksand

magazines.4.(2019河南平頂山一模)HowkindMikeis!Healwaysdoeswhathecan

to

helpothers.模擬題組5.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大聯(lián)考)

To

maketheroomlooklarger,they

decidedtochooseafoldingdiningtable.6.(2019河南百校聯(lián)盟大聯(lián)考)Lastyear,wheneverIpassedthesquareinthemorn-

ing,Isawalargegroupofmiddle-agedwomen

dancing

(dance)there.7.(2019河南鄭州二模)Lifeislikeastory.

To

makeyourstorywonderful,you

'dbetterimproveyourselfallthetime.8.(2019河南新鄉(xiāng)二模)Ifinditrelaxingandpleasant

to

travelafterhardwork.9.(2019河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)二模)

To

protectteenagers'eyesight,HenanProvince

asksteachersnottosethomeworkonmobileapps.10.(2018河南安陽(yáng)一模)—Whyareyouinahurry,Michael?—

To

catchtheearlybus.I'llbelateforclass.11.(2018河南許昌一模)WangTaoisonlyaneight-year-oldboy,buthehastodo

allhecan

to

makemoneyforhispoorfamily.Hereally