山東省滕州市第一中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期選科分班英語試題

第1頁/共1頁20242025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期學(xué)科素養(yǎng)監(jiān)測試題英語(考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分)注意事項：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。5．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，請先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatseemstobethewoman’sproblem?A.Shefailedtocontactthebankmanager.B.ShegotherbankcardstuckintheATM.C.Shecan’toperatethemachine.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,I’mhavingsometroublewiththeATM.Ithasmybankcardandwon’tgiveitback.M:OK.I’llcallthemanager.Hecanhelpyouwiththat.Pleasereturntothemachinethathasyourcard.Hewilljoinyouinafewminutes.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whenwilltheplayshow?A.Onthe15th. B.Onthe16th. C.Onthe17th.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Sue,I’vejustbeentoldthedateoftheplayhasbeenchangedfromthe15thtothe16th.W:Areyouserious?YesterdayIwastolditwasgoingtobethe17th.M:The17thisaSunday,sotheychangedittoaSaturdayintheend.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Parkhercar. B.Lookatthestars. C.Fetchthetelescope.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Haveyoueverbeentoaplacelikethis?M:No,butIdoliketolookatthestars.W:Good,you’reinforatreat.Thisisthebestplacearoundtogetagoodlookatthestars.I’mgoingtofetchthetelescopeforyou.It’sinmycar.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whyistheboyunhappy?A.Hefeelslonely. B.Hemissedhisflight. C.He’sworriedabouthisparents.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:I’msosad.Idon’tknowanyonehereandI’mhomesick.Butdon’ttellmymumanddad.Theymightbeworried.W:Oh,Iwon’t.They’dprobablytakethenextflighttoNewYorkandetoseeyouifIdothat.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theirfavoritescientists. B.Theoldmathbooks. C.Thenewsciencebooks.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Haveyouseenthenewbooksthattheygotforthescienceclass?Theyaremuchbetterthanthenewmathbooks.M:Yes,Ihave.ButIactuallydon’tlikethem.Whydotheytalksomuchaboutoldscientists?W:That’swhatIlikethemostaboutthem.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Brotherandsister. B.Husbandandwife. C.Coworkers.7.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodo?A.Givethemantwotickets. B.Bookticketsfortheman. C.Watchamoviewiththeman.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】W:Ourmanagersaidthatyouandyourwifelikewatchingmovies.Wouldyouliketoseeonethisweekend?M:Yes,IwasthinkingofcheckingouttheSundaymovies.TheyareplayingMaryPoppinstherethisweekend.Yousee,I’marealbigfanofclassicalmovies.W:Oh,that’sperfect.Igotthesetwofreeticketsthatyoucanuseatthattheater.Mybrothergavethemtome.M:Really?That’sveryniceofyou.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Athome. B.Inanoffice. C.Inapark.9.Howwastheweatherontheman’swayhomefromwork?A.Cloudy. B.Rainy. C.Windy.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】W:Jack,closethewindowinthebathroom.Thewind’sgettingreallystrong.M:Done.Weseemtohaveexperiencedawholeyear’sweatherinonedaytoday.W:Icouldn’tagreemore—thismorningIcouldhardlyseeacrosstheroadbecauseofthethickdarkclouds.M:YeahbutatlunchtimeIsatintheparkenjoyingthesunshine.Thenonthewayhomefromwork,Igotcaughtintherainandwaswettotheskin.Ifeltsocold.W:Andnowwe’vegotthis.EnglandinApril—howchangeable!聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】10.Wherewilltheeventbeheld?A.Atacafé. B.Ataschool. C.Atagallery(藝術(shù)館).11.WhatisJennifer?A.Astudent. B.Anartist. C.Ateacher.12.WhatdoesthemanplantodoonJuly21?A.Learnpapercut. B.Playfootball. C.Watchagame.【答案】10.A11.C12.C【解析】【原文】M:Whatareyoureading,Jennifer?W:I’mreadinganeventaboutpapercutting.ThewomannamedAbigailhasbeenacreativepapercutartistformanyyears.Shewantstoholdaneventinourcity.M:Wherewillittakeplace?W:AtthecaféontheSquare,Barnoldswick.Andit’llbeginat1:30pmandendat2:30pmonJuly21.She’llsharebasicpapercuttingskillsandtechniques.Andthenparticipantswillhavetheopportunitytohaveagothemselvesonpracticesheets.M:Sodoyouwanttogo?W:Yes.I’vealwaysbeeninterestedinpapercutting.AndIwanttoteachmystudentsafterIlearnhowtodoit.NowIfinallyhaveanopportunity,soI’lldefinitelygo.Willyoujoinme?M:Sorry,Jennifer,butI’dratherwatchafootballgamethatday.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】13.Whydoesthewomanwanttosellthestuff(東西；物品)?A.Tospareroomforfurniture. B.Toturnthemintocash. C.Tocleanupthehouse.14.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutBob?A.Hehasaproblemwiththead.B.Hecanmakeaquicksale.C.Heiskindandhelpful.15.Whatistheman’sopinionaboutNewsday’sservice?A.Excellent. B.Unfriendly. C.Expensive.16.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A.Writeanad. B.Makeacall. C.Gotoamarket.【答案】13.B14.C15.A16.A【解析】【原文】M:Honey,what’sallourstuffdoingintheyard?W:It’sacleanupsale.Foronly$19.95,wecanputatwolineadinNewsdayforsevendays.Andwithovertwomillionreaders,we’llgetresultsfast.M:ButifNewsdayishavingacleanupsale,whydoesouryardlooklikeamarket?W:Becausethere’sneverbeenabettertimeforustoturnthethingswedon’tuseintocashwecanuse.M:Youmeanthejewelry,furnitureandexerciseequipment?W:Evenyouroldguitar.M:Twolines,sevendays,foronly$19.95.Areyousure?W:Ofcourse,I’msure.IcalledBob.M:Who’sBob?W:He’sasalesconsultantthere.Hewasreallyniceandhelpful.HetoldmetocallhimwheneverIhadaproblemwiththead.M:Morethan50%off,andfriendlyservice.Newsdaydoeshaveallweneed.W:Yeah.Socouldyouhelpmewiththeadifyou’refree?M:OK.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】17.Whocanattendtheedy(喜劇)clubs?A.Achildaged3. B.Ateenageraged16. C.Anadultaged30.18.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofJohnWinterson’sact?A.Itwasstrange. B.Itwassuccessful. C.Itwasunpopular.19.Whatdotheclassesteachyoungpeopletodo?A.Telljokesonstage. B.Organizeparties. C.Performmagic.20.Whydoesthespeakergivethespeech?A.Toencouragetheedians.B.Toadvertiseaedypany.C.Toinformpeopleofseeingperformances.【答案】17.B18.B19.A20.B【解析】【原文】W:Doyouenjoywatchingedies?Thenwhynoteandseewhat’shappeningatedyHour?edyHourownsedyclubsinseveralcountriesthatarerunjustforpeopleaged13–20.They’rejustasfamiliarwithworkinginadultedyclubsastheyareworkingwithchildren.TheedyHourpanywassetupbyJohnWinterson.Infact,hisactquicklybecamesopopularthathesoonfoundlotsofotheredianswhowantedtojoinhispany.Ifyou’rehavingapartyathome,edyHourcaneandperformforyouthereattheparty.Yourveryownedianwillalsohelpyoutotellyourguestssomejokesandsillystoriesandtheycanjoinin,too,iftheywant.It’llbefunandverydifferentfromanypartyyou’veeverhadbefore.HereatedyHour,it’snotjustabouttheadultstellingjokes.Wealsoofferyoungpeoplethechancetoperform.Butwe’veyettofindsomeonewhocandothatwithoutpreparation,sowe’vesetuptheworld’sfirstedyClassestoteachyoungpeoplehowtotelljokesonstage.Atthemomentourclassesareonlymonthly,butwe’replanningtostartanumberofothersovertheingyear.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?eandjoinedyHour.第二部分:閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的ABCD四個選項中,選出最佳選項AFourwonderfulonlineactivitiesBasicMediation(調(diào)解)SkillsTrainingDateandtime:July22,9pm—August2,2pmDuringthistraining,youwilllearnthebasicknowledgeofmediation,includingmunicationstrategiesandtalkskills.Ourexperiencedinstructorswillguideyouthroughreallifecasesandcasestudies,allowingyoutopracticeandapplyyournewfoundknowledge.OnlineCreativeWritingSummerCampDateandtime:July9,1pm—5pmWeletoOnlineCreativeWritingSummerCamp!Getreadytodiscoveryourcreativityfromthefortofyourownhome.Thiscampisdesignedforwritersofalllevelswhowanttoimprovetheirskillsandlearnnewskills.Don’tmissthischancetoconnectwithfellowwriters,receivefeedback(反饋)onyourwork,andtakeyourwritingtothenextlevel.YouthInnevation(創(chuàng)新)ProgramatLasellUniversityAboutthisevent:Eventlasts12hoursLasellUniversity’sprecollegeprogramsareformiddleandhighschoolstudentstoexploretheircreativityandbuildtheimportantlifeskillstogivethemwhattheyneedtosucceedinlife.Doyouloveshoes?Everwonderhowshoeinnovatorseupwiththeirdesigns?Takethis4weekcourseandlearnfromSeniorFootwearInnovatoraboutthedesignanddevelopmentofshoes.Maths:UnderstandingfluencyDateandtime:Wednesday,3July19:45—20:45Years:Y1,Y2,Y3,Y4,Y5,Y6,PrimaryMathematicalfluencyisrelatedtothedevelopmentofnumbersense,whichallowslearnerstounderstandnumbersdeeplyandusethemfreely.Thiscourseexploreshowwecanhelplearnerstothinkeffectively(有效地)sotheyhavetheskillstofallbackoniftheyareunabletorememberfluencyfactsandalsotohelpthemtosolveproblemsthatarerelatedtonumbers.21.Whatcanpeoplegetinthewritingcamp?ANewwritingmaterials. B.Chancestobeefamous.C.Experiencefromdifferentauthors. D.Chancestopublishtheirownworks.22.WhatisthegoaloftheprogramatLasellUniversity?A.Toincreasestudents’senseoffashion.B.Todesignshoesforyoungerchildren.CTomakestudentspreparedforthecollegelife.D.Toletstudentsknowabouttheshoeindustry.23.Whatdothefouractivitieshaveinmon?A.Theyallfocusonusefulness.B.Theyarebasedonreallifecases.C.Theyencouragepeople’screativity.D.Theyaredesignedbyexperiencedinstructors.【答案】21.C22.C23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個有用的網(wǎng)上活動課程?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章OnlineCreativeWritingSummerCamp部分“Don’tmissthischancetoconnectwithfellowwriters,receivefeedback(反饋)onyourwork,andtakeyourwritingtothenextlevel.(不要錯過這個與其他作家交流的機會，接受對你作品的反饋，并將你的寫作提升到一個新的水平。)”可知，在這個寫作夏令營中，人們可以與其他作家交流，得到不同作家的經(jīng)驗。故選C?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章YouthInnevation(創(chuàng)新)ProgramatLasellUniversity部分“LasellUniversity’sprecollegeprogramsareformiddleandhighschoolstudentstoexploretheircreativityandbuildtheimportantlifeskillstogivethemwhattheyneedtosucceedinlife.(Lasell大學(xué)的預(yù)科課程面向中學(xué)生和高中生，旨在探索他們的創(chuàng)造力，培養(yǎng)重要的生活技能，為他們提供生活中取得成功所需的東西。)”可知，Lasell大學(xué)的這個項目是面向中學(xué)生和高中生的大學(xué)預(yù)科課程，其目標(biāo)是讓學(xué)生為大學(xué)生活做好準備。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章BasicMediation(調(diào)解)SkillsTraining部分“Duringthistraining,youwilllearnthebasicknowledgeofmediation,includingmunicationstrategiesandtalkskills.(在這次培訓(xùn)中，你將學(xué)習(xí)調(diào)解的基本知識，包括溝通策略和談話技巧。)”可知，基本調(diào)解技能培訓(xùn)是學(xué)習(xí)調(diào)解的溝通策略和談話技巧，注重的是實用性；根據(jù)文章部分OnlineCreativeWritingSummerCamp“Thiscampisdesignedforwritersofalllevelswhowanttoimprovetheirskillsandlearnnewskills.(這一營地是為想要提高技能和學(xué)習(xí)新技能的各個水平的作家而設(shè)計的。)”可知，在線創(chuàng)意寫作夏令營是為了提高作家的技能和學(xué)習(xí)新的技能，其關(guān)注的是實用性；根據(jù)文章YouthInnevation(創(chuàng)新)ProgramatLasellUniversity部分“LasellUniversity’sprecollegeprogramsareformiddleandhighschoolstudentstoexploretheircreativityandbuildtheimportantlifeskillstogivethemwhattheyneedtosucceedinlife.(Lasell大學(xué)的預(yù)科課程面向中學(xué)生和高中生，旨在探索他們的創(chuàng)造力，培養(yǎng)重要的生活技能，為他們提供生活中取得成功所需的東西。)”可知，Lasell大學(xué)的這個項目是面向中學(xué)生和高中生的大學(xué)預(yù)科課程，其目標(biāo)是讓學(xué)生為大學(xué)生活做好準備，故其關(guān)注的是實用性；根據(jù)文章Maths:Understandingfluency部分“Thiscourseexploreshowwecanhelplearnerstothinkeffectively(有效地)sotheyhavetheskillstofallbackoniftheyareunabletorememberfluencyfactsandalsotohelpthemtosolveproblemsthatarerelatedtonumbers.(這一課程探討了我們?nèi)绾螏椭鷮W(xué)習(xí)者有效地思考，這樣他們就有了在無法流暢地解決問題時可以依靠的能力，并幫助他們解決與數(shù)字相關(guān)的問題。)”可知，數(shù)學(xué)課程是為了幫助學(xué)者解決與數(shù)字相關(guān)的問題，其關(guān)注的是實用性。由此可推知，這四個活動的共同點是它們都關(guān)注實用性。故選A。BSylvainSaudan’sskiingwassoalarminglydaringthatpeoplestruggledtobelievehisachievementswerereal.TheSwissextremeskiingpioneerbecamethefirsttosuccessfullyrushdowntheSpencerCouloir’s55degreeslope(斜坡)—withmorethan200turns,atspeedsclosetofreefallonFrance’sAiguilledeBlaitièremountainin1967.Localsdidn’ttrustthathe’dreallydoneituntilaplaneflewoverthemountainandtookphotosofhisskitracks.Nicknamedthe“skieroftheimpossible”,SaudanlookedforslopesfromtheHimalayastotheAlps,oftenreachingthetopsbyhelicopter.Butin1982,heclimbedfor25daystoreachthe26,500footsummit(峰頂)ofPakistan’sGasherbrumI,searchingforundevelopedareasinitsnaturalstate.“Thefirsttodaresomethingaretherealadventurers,”hesaidin2016.“It’sthefirstthatmatters.”RaisedonafarmintheAlps,Saudandidn’thavetheresourcestotrainasapetitiveskier,andworkedasalaborerandtruckdriverbeforebeingaskiinstructor.TeachingthroughicywintersinScotlandhelpedpreparehimfordeadlyslopes.AfterskiingtheSpencerCouloir,hespenttwentyyears“l(fā)ookingforgreaterchallengesandtestingnewmethods,”saidTheWashingtonPost.Hedevelopedanewskiingstyleandintroducedequipmentinnovationsforsteepslopes,butignoredsafetymeasuresasheshotdownOregon’sMountHood,Tanzania’sMountKilimanjaro,andNepal’sDhaulagiri.Saudanpletedhislastmajorjourneyin1986byskiingdownMountFujionbarerocks,walkingawaywithoutasinglecut.He“spenthislifechallenginggravity,avalanches(雪崩),andobituary(訃告)writers,”saidTheNewYorkTimes.Heinsistedthatmentalpreparationhelpedkeepfearcornered,yetdeathwasneverfarfromhismind.“There’sreallyonlyonewayout,”hesaid:“Don’tfalldown.”24.HowdidpeoplereacttoSaudan’sachievementontheSpencerCouloir’s55degreeslope?A.Theyconsidereditasafactatonce.B.Theywerenotawareofitpletely.C.Theythoughtofhimasaskiingpioneer.D.Theydoubtedittillevidence(證據(jù))arrived.25.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSaudan?A.Adventurousanddevoted. B.Braveandgenerous.C.Creativebutfrightened. D.Reservedbutfamous.26.WhydidSaudangoskiing?A.Totestnewskiingequipment.B.Topushhimselftonewlimits.C.Todocumentadventuresforfame.D.Toescapehispastlifeasalaborer.27.WhatdoesTheNewYorkTimesimplyaboutSaudan?A.Hisskiingmethodswerewidelyaccepted.B.Hisachievementswereoftenquestioned.C.Hefacedextremedangersinhiscareer.D.Hewascarefulduringhisjourneys.【答案】24.D25.A26.B27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了瑞士極限滑雪先鋒SylvainSaudan成就驚人，曾首滑55度斜坡，從喜馬拉雅山到阿爾卑斯山四處尋覓雪坡，發(fā)展新風(fēng)格、創(chuàng)新裝備，不顧危險完成諸多挑戰(zhàn)。【24題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“TheSwissextremeskiingpioneerbecamethefirsttosuccessfullyrushdowntheSpencerCouloir’s55degreeslope(斜坡)—withmorethan200turns,atspeedsclosetofreefallonFrance’sAiguilledeBlaitièremountainin1967.Localsdidn’ttrustthathe’dreallydoneituntilaplaneflewoverthemountainandtookphotosofhisskitracks.(這位瑞士極限滑雪先鋒于1967年，在法國AiguilledeBlaitière峰上，首次成功沖下Spencer峽谷55度的斜坡——在下滑過程中完成了200多個轉(zhuǎn)彎，速度近乎自由落體。直到一架飛機飛越山峰并拍下他的滑雪軌跡，當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬畔嘈潘娴淖龅搅?”可知，人們是直到有了證據(jù)才相信Saudan的這一成就。故選D項。【25題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Nicknamedthe“skieroftheimpossible”,SaudanlookedforslopesfromtheHimalayastotheAlps,oftenreachingthetopsbyhelicopter.Butin1982,heclimbedfor25daystoreachthe26,500footsummit(峰頂)ofPakistan’sGasherbrumI,searchingforundevelopedareasinitsnaturalstate.(Saudan被稱為“挑戰(zhàn)不可能的滑雪者”，他從喜馬拉雅山到阿爾卑斯山四處尋覓雪坡，常常乘坐直升機抵達山頂。然而在1982年，他歷經(jīng)25天的攀登，才登上巴基斯坦加舒爾布魯木Ⅰ峰海拔26500英尺的頂峰，只為探尋處于自然狀態(tài)的未開發(fā)區(qū)域)”可知，Saudan一直在尋找各種極具挑戰(zhàn)性的斜坡去滑雪，還攀登高山尋找未開發(fā)區(qū)域，說明他極具冒險精神；再根據(jù)第二段中“AfterskiingtheSpencerCouloir,hespenttwentyyears“l(fā)ookingforgreaterchallengesandtestingnewmethods,”saidTheWashingtonPost.(據(jù)《華盛頓郵報》報道，在滑過Spencer峽谷后，他花了二十年時間“尋找更大的挑戰(zhàn)并試驗新方法”)”可知，他致力于滑雪挑戰(zhàn)和創(chuàng)新，體現(xiàn)出他對滑雪的熱愛和投入。因此，用“冒險且專注”描述他最合適。故選A項。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中““Thefirsttodaresomethingaretherealadventurers,”hesaidin2016.“It’sthefirstthatmatters.”(“敢于第一個嘗試的人才是真正的冒險家，”他在2016年說道?！爸匾氖浅蔀榈谝粋€?！?”和第二段中“AfterskiingtheSpencerCouloir,hespenttwentyyears“l(fā)ookingforgreaterchallengesandtestingnewmethods,”saidTheWashingtonPost.(據(jù)《華盛頓郵報》報道，在滑過Spencer峽谷后，他花了二十年時間“尋找更大的挑戰(zhàn)并試驗新方法”)”可知，Saudan一心想成為第一個嘗試的人，成為真正的冒險家，總是不斷挑戰(zhàn)自己。由此可知，他滑雪是為了突破新的極限。故選B項。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“He“spenthislifechallenginggravity,avalanches(雪崩),andobituary(訃告)writers,”saidTheNewYorkTimes.(《紐約時報》稱，他“一生都在挑戰(zhàn)重力、雪崩和訃告作者”)”可推知，他在滑雪生涯中面臨著極端的危險。故選C項。CDoestechnologyreplacemorejobsthanitcreates?Whatisthebalancebetweenthesetwothings?Untilnow,thathasnotbeenpletelymeasured.However,anewresearchprojectledbyMITeconomistDavidAutorhasdevelopedananswer,atleastforU.S.historysince1940.Thestudyusesnewmethodstoexaminehowmanyjobshavebeenlostbecauseofmachineautomation(自動化),andhowmanyjobshavebeencreatedthroughaugmentation(擴增),inwhichtechnologycreatesnewchancesandtasks.Inthisresearch,Autorandhisworkmatesstudiedabout35,000jobs,recordinghowtheyappearovertime.ThatledthemtofindthattechnologyhasreplacedmoreU.S.jobsthanithascreated,particularlysince1980.“Clearly,from1980tothepresent,thereisafasterrateofautomationandaslowerrateofaugmentationthanintheformer40years,”saysAutor.From1940to1980,forexample,jobslikeelevatoroperatorandtypesetter(排字工人)weregettingautomated.Butatthesametime,moreworkersfilledrolessuchasshippingandreceivingclerks,buyers,departmentheadsandindustrialengineers.From1980to2020,thenumberofmachinists(機械工)droppedbecauseofautomation,whileoperationsandsystemsresearchersenjoyedgrowth.Finally,theresearchsuggeststhatthenegativeeffectsofautomationonemploymentweremorethantwiceasgreatinthe19802020periodasinthe19401980period.Therewasamorepositivechangeintheeffectofaugmentationonemploymentin19802020paredto19401980.Automationandaugmentationoftenhappenwithinthesameindustries.Withinthesamelargepany,theremaybefewermachinistsbutmoresystemsresearchers.“Technologyisreallymakingadifference,”Autorsays.“Itmaysubstitutesomeexpertknowledgeorskills,butmayadddecisionmakingtasks.Ittakesawhiletofigurethemout.”28.WhatdoesAutor’sstudyfocuson?A.Thekeytosearchingforajob. B.Thesolutionstotakingupnewtasks.C.Theinfluenceofnewtechnologyonjobs. D.Theapplicationofmachinestoindustry.29.Howdoestheauthorprovehisideainparagraph3?A.Bylistingfigures. B.Byraisingquestions.C.Bytellingstories. D.Bygivingexamples.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“substitute”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Dependon. B.Taketheplaceof.C.Takecontrolof. D.Concentrateon.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AreJobsMoreChallengingorMoreFriendly?B.AreNewTechnologiesJobKillersorCreators?C.WhichIsBetter,AutomationorAugmentation?D.WhoAreMoreEfficient,HumansorMachines?【答案】28.C29.D30.B31.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章講述了技術(shù)的發(fā)展對就業(yè)的影響?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thestudyusesnewmethodstoexaminehowmanyjobshavebeenlostbecauseofmachineautomation(自動化),andhowmanyjobshavebeencreatedthroughaugmentation(擴增),inwhichtechnologycreatesnewchancesandtasks.(這項研究使用了新的方法來研究機器自動化導(dǎo)致了多少工作崗位的流失，以及技術(shù)創(chuàng)造了多少新的機會和任務(wù)，從而創(chuàng)造了多少工作崗位。)”可知，奧托的研究重點是新技術(shù)對就業(yè)的影響。故選C?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“‘Clearly,from1980tothepresent,thereisafasterrateofautomationandaslowerrateofaugmentationthanintheformer40years,’saysAutor.From1940to1980,forexample,jobslikeelevatoroperatorandtypesetter(排字工人)weregettingautomated.Butatthesametime,moreworkersfilledrolessuchasshippingandreceivingclerks,buyers,departmentheadsandindustrialengineers.From1980to2020,thenumberofmachinists(機械工)droppedbecauseofautomation,whileoperationsandsystemsresearchersenjoyedgrowth.(很明顯，從1980年到現(xiàn)在，與過去40年相比，自動化的速度更快，而人工智能的增長速度更慢，”奧托爾說。例如，從1940年到1980年，電梯操作員和排字工等工作正在實現(xiàn)自動化。但與此同時，更多的工人填補了運輸和接收管理員、采購員、部門主管和工業(yè)工程師等職位。從1980年到2020年，由于自動化的發(fā)展，機械師的數(shù)量下降了，而操作和系統(tǒng)研究人員的數(shù)量卻有所增加。)”可知，舉出了從1940年到980年，電梯操作員和排字工等工作正在實現(xiàn)自動化的例子?？芍?，第三段作者通過舉例子的方式。故選D。【30題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Automationandaugmentationoftenhappenwithinthesameindustries.Withinthesamelargepany,theremaybefewermachinistsbutmoresystemsresearchers(自動化和增強通常發(fā)生在相同的行業(yè)中。在同一家大公司里，機械師可能更少，但系統(tǒng)研究人員可能更多)”以及畫線詞后“butmayadddecisionmakingtasks.(但可能會增加決策任務(wù)。)”可知，技術(shù)可能會增加決策任務(wù)，而前文提到的“substitute”與“增加決策任務(wù)”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以指的是“技術(shù)可能取代一些專家知識或者技能”，劃線單詞的意思應(yīng)與“取代。意義相近。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Doestechnologyreplacemorejobsthanitcreates?Whatisthebalancebetweenthesetwothings?Untilnow,thathasnotbeenpletelymeasured.However,anewresearchprojectledbyMITeconomistDavidAutorhasdevelopedananswer,atleastforU.S.historysince1940.(科技取代的工作比創(chuàng)造的工作多嗎？這兩者之間的平衡是什么？到目前為止，這一點還沒有得到完全的衡量。然而，麻省理工學(xué)院（MIT）經(jīng)濟學(xué)家戴維?奧托爾（DavidAutor）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項新研究項目給出了答案，至少是針對1940年以來的美國歷史。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要說明的是技術(shù)的發(fā)展對就業(yè)的影響；討論了新技術(shù)是否取代了更多的工作還是創(chuàng)造了更多的工作。故選B。DAbuildityourselfsolarstill(蒸餾器)isoneofthebestwaystogetdrinkingwaterinareaswherewaterisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryobjectswithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalobjectsintheopenair.Theonlyobjectsrequired,though,area5’×5’sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube(管子；吸管),andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbeputintoalittlepack.Tobuildaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedges(固定邊緣)oftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圓錐體)with45degreeangled(角度)sides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸發(fā))andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcandrinkthewaterthroughthetube,andwon’thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.32.Whichisnotneededtobuildasolarstillaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Asheetofplastic. B.Adrinkingtube. C.Acontainer. D.Alittlepack.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A.Thetube. B.Thestill. C.Thehole. D.Thecup.34.Whatisthelaststepofbuildingaworkingsolarstill?A.Digaholeofacertainsize. B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheet’scenterdown. D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.35.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatereintothecupfrom________.A.theplastictube B.outsidetheholeC.theopenair D.beneaththesheet【答案】32.D33.B34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了如何自制太陽能蒸餾器，包括所需材料、建造步驟及其工作原理。【32題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theonlyobjectsrequired,though,area5’×5’sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube(管子；吸管),andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.(Thesepiecescanbeputintoalittlepack.(不過，唯一需要的東西是一張5英尺×5英尺的透明或略呈乳白色的塑料片，6英尺長的塑料管，以及一個容器——也許只是一個飲水杯——用來接水。這些東西可以裝進小包里)”可知，建造太陽能蒸餾器所需物品為一個塑料片、一根飲用管和一個容器，小包是用來裝這些物品的，并非建造蒸餾器本身所需的物品。故選D項?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。文章圍繞建造太陽能蒸餾器來獲取水展開，結(jié)合第二段中“Tobuildaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.(要建造一個工作蒸餾器，使用鋒利的棍子或巖石挖一個4英尺寬，3英尺深的洞。盡量在潮濕的地方挖洞，以提高捕水器的效率)”可推知，畫線部分的“捕水器”指代前一句中提到的太陽能蒸餾器，其作用是收集水。故選B項?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedges(固定邊緣)oftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.(接下來，用塑料片蓋住這個洞，用泥土固定塑料片的邊緣，用石頭壓住塑料片的中心)”可知，建造可使用的太陽能蒸餾器的最后一步是壓住塑料片的中心。故選C項?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸發(fā))andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup.(太陽能蒸餾器仍然通過在塑料下面制造溫室來工作。地下水蒸發(fā)并聚集在薄片上，直到形成小水滴，順著材料流下，落到杯子里)”可知，水滴是從塑料片下面進入杯子的。故選D項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分.滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Lifeisfilledwithnumerousvictoriesanddownfalls;whatmattersishowyoutackleeachsituation.Whetheritisyourschoolingoraseriouslifestruggle,wemustlearntoturnthepageandchangeourlifeforthebetter.____36____Youmightfindyourselfinadeadend.____37____Thiswillhelpyoumarkyourfuturedecisions.Everythingthatyoufaceduntilnowwasjustapartoftheproblemandeverythingthatesafterthelinewillbepartofthesolution.Don’ttakethewholethingassuffering;instead,itisalearningexperience.Makesurethatyouwon’tletanythingholdyoubackandwilltrytobebettereachday.Whenhandlingatoughsituation,youmayneedsomeextrahelp.Connectwithpeoplethathavegonethroughthesametrialsasyouhave.Duringtheinteractions,youwillnoticethedifferentpatternswhichmadethemsuccessful.____38____Theirexperiencesarebeneficialtoupliftingyourspiritandtrulyhelpyouout.Anotheramazingapproachistomakesensibleandfavorablechoicesforyourself.Engaginginbattlesandstrugglesisgoingtobeveryhard.____39____Pictureyourgoalsinyourmindandmakesensiblestepstowardsthemwitheachpassingday.Remembertodowhatactuallyworksandmakesurethatnothingstandsinyourway.Thepastisapartofyourhistory,butnotapartofyourdestiny.Lifemovesonandsoshouldwe.___40___Thenewchapterofyourlifeisingforyou.A.Nowit’syourturntothinkoutsidethebox.B.Wemustforgiveourselvestobeginthenextchapter.C.Here’showyoucancreateanewchapterinyourlife.D.Whatyoucandointhissituationisdrawamentalline.E.However,givingupandbeingstuckinpainwillbeevenharder.F.Letyourtearsandsweatwatertheseedsofyourfuturehappi