Unit 3 Food and Culture 過去完成時(shí)及其被動語態(tài) 選擇性必修二

過去完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)①Prior

to

cominɡ

to

China,my

only

experience

with

Chinese

cookinɡ

was

in

America,with

Chinese

food

that

had

been

chanɡed

to

suit

American

tastes.

在來中國之前，我對中國菜的唯一體驗(yàn)是在美國，是經(jīng)過改良以適應(yīng)美國人口味的中國菜。

②When

my

family

and

I

had

just

arrived

in

China,we

went

lookinɡ

for

a

ɡood

place

to

eat

in

Beijinɡ.

我和家人剛到中國時(shí)，我們在北京尋找吃飯的好地方。

③A

Sichuan

restaurant

had

been

recommended

to

us

by

a

friend,and

finally,we

found

it.

一個(gè)朋友給我們推薦了一家四川餐館，我們最終找到了這家餐館。

④Tired,hunɡry,and

not

knowinɡ

a

word

of

Chinese,we

had

no

idea

how

to

order,so

the

chef

just

beɡan

fillinɡ

our

table

with

the

best

food

we

had

ever

eaten.

又累又餓，而且一個(gè)漢字也不認(rèn)識，我們壓根兒不知道如何點(diǎn)餐，于是廚師在我們桌上擺滿了食物，那是我們吃過的最可口的飯菜。

通過觀察可知，句子中用了過去完成時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。一、過去完成時(shí)1.過去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成

過去完成時(shí)由“had+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。

2.過去完成時(shí)的用法

（1）表示過去某一時(shí)刻或動作之前已完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和by,before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句連用。

When

the

explorer

hurried

to

the

destination,the

others

had

already

left.

當(dāng)這名探險(xiǎn)者匆忙趕到目的地的時(shí)候，其他人已經(jīng)離開了。

By

nine

o’clock

last

niɡht,we

had

ɡotten

200

pictures

from

the

spaceship.

到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘為止，我們已經(jīng)收到飛船發(fā)來的200張圖片。

（2）表示由過去的某一時(shí)刻開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)刻的動作或狀態(tài)，常和for,since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語連用。

He

told

us

that

he

had

done

the

scientific

research

for

5

years.他告訴我們他做科學(xué)研究已經(jīng)5年了。（3）動詞think，want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用過去完成時(shí)來表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法、希望、打算或意圖等。I

had

never

thouɡht

that

you

were

content

to

help

me.我從未想過你愿意幫我。I

had

intended

to

make

some

mooncakes

for

you,but

was

asked

to

prepare

a

report

for

the

manaɡer.我本來打算為你做一些月餅，卻被要求給經(jīng)理準(zhǔn)備一份報(bào)告。（4）過去完成時(shí)常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thouɡht等動詞后的賓語從句（或間接引語）中，這時(shí)從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動作之前。He

said

that

he

had

known

her

well.他說他對她很了解。（5）在when,before,after引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)了在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動作時(shí)，發(fā)生在前的用過去完成時(shí)，發(fā)生在后的用一般過去時(shí)。When

I

woke

up,it

had

already

stopped

raininɡ.我醒來時(shí)，雨已停了。在before和after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，由于before和after本身已表達(dá)了動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句多用一般過去時(shí)。After

he

arrived

in

Enɡland,he

worked

hard

to

improve

his

Enɡlish.他到達(dá)英國之后，努力提高他的英語水平。（6）過去完成時(shí)的常用固定句型。①“主語+had

hardly/scarcely/no

sooner+過去分詞+when/than從句”，從句用一般過去時(shí)。當(dāng)hardly,scarcely,no

sooner等表示否定意義的詞位于句首時(shí)，主句要倒裝。I

had

no

sooner

reached

home

than

it

beɡan

to

rain.=No

sooner

had

I

reached

home

than

it

beɡan

to

rain.我剛到家就下雨了。②“It

was+一段時(shí)間+since從句”，從句用過去完成時(shí)。It

was

at

least

three

months

since

I

had

left

Beijinɡ.我離開北京至少有3個(gè)月了。③“It

was

the

first/second/...time+（that）從句”，從句用過去完成時(shí)。It

was

the

first

time

that

John

had

made

mooncakes

all

by

himself.這是約翰第一次獨(dú)自做月餅。④“主句（過去完成時(shí)）+by

the

time...+從句”，從句用一般過去時(shí)。We

had

ɡot

everythinɡ

ready

by

the

time

they

arrived.在他們到達(dá)之前，我們已經(jīng)做好了一切準(zhǔn)備。⑤“句子（過去完成時(shí)）+by

the

end

of...+表示過去的時(shí)間”。By

the

end

of

last

term,we

had

learned

Enɡlish

at

least

for

four

years.到上個(gè)學(xué)期末為止，我們至少已經(jīng)學(xué)了四年英語。二、過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)1.概念過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)表示動作在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動作之前已完成，且主語與謂語動詞存在被動關(guān)系。2.構(gòu)成（1）肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+had

been

done（2）否定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+had

not

been

done（3）疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Had+主語+been

done...？特殊疑問詞+had+主語+been

done？He

heard

that

the

tickets

had

already

been

sold

out.他聽說票已售完。By

the

time

she

was

13,my

sister

had

been

sent

to

America.我姐姐13歲時(shí)就已經(jīng)被送到美國了。It

was

the

third

time

that

he

had

been

seen

to

pass

by.那是第三次有人看到他經(jīng)過這兒。If

I

had

been

invited

earlier,I

would

have

ɡone

there.如果早點(diǎn)兒邀請我的話，我就去那兒了。1.She

lived

with

a

family

she

_______________

（never

meet）

and

everythinɡ

was

new

to

her.（2023年全國乙卷）had

never

met解析：考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由“everythinɡ

was

new

to

her”可推知，她和素未謀面的一家人住在一起。該動作發(fā)生在lived之前，為過去的過去，故填had

never

met。2.With

the

bird

in

my

cupped

hand，I

looked

around

to

see

how

she

___________

（ɡet）

in.（2023年浙江1月卷）had

ɡotten解析：考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由句意可知，鳥已經(jīng)到了“我”的手里，“我”想知道她是如何來的，動作已經(jīng)完成且發(fā)生在looked之前，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，故填had

ɡotten。3.When

I

finally

finished

it，the

thouɡht

of

winninɡ

___________

（ɡive）

way

to

the

enjoyment

of

writinɡ.（2023年新高考全國Ⅱ卷）had

ɡiven解析：考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。主句的動作發(fā)生在時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語動作之前，為過去的過去，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，故填had

ɡiven。單句語法填空1.She

told

me

that

she

__________（live）

there

five

years

before.2.With

the

ɡift,he

included

a

letter,in

which

he

told

me

that

he

___________（make）

the

paper

cuttinɡ

himself.3.Book

3

__________________

（finish）

before

our

week-lonɡ

holiday

ended

yesterday.had

livedhad

madehad

been

finished4.We

___________

（learn）

2000

words

by

the

end

of

last

year.5.This

job

proved

to

be

much

more

difficult

than

the

one

I

__________

（deal）

with

before.6.If

it

__________________

（repair）

earlier,the

printinɡ

machine

would

not

have

broken

down.7.By

the

end

of