江西省上饒市2025屆高三上學(xué)期一模英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江西省上饒市2025屆高三上學(xué)期一模英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatseasonisitnow?A.Winter. B.Summer. C.Spring.【答案】A【原文】W:Whathappenedtotheweatherreport?Itsaidthiscoldfrontwassupposedtopasstoday,butit’sstillfreezingoutside!M:Yeah.Ican’tstandsuchweather.Iprefersummer.W:Comeon!It’sveryhothereinsummer.Ihopewarmspringcancomesoon.2.WhydidthewomanaskRaytolearntodance?A.Toencouragehimtomakefriends.B.Toimprovehisconfidence.C.Tobuilduphisbody.【答案】C【原文】M:Rayalwaysappearsveryconfidentwhenhedances.W:Yes.Actually,Isenthimtolearntodancemainlytoencouragemorephysicalactivityandimprovehisfitness.Andhemademanyfriendswhilelearningtodance,whichisanunexpectedbenefit.3.Whomightthemanbe?A.Achef. B.Adeliveryman. C.Ashopassistant.【答案】C【原文】W:Hi,couldyougivemeahotblackcoffeeandarawcoconutlatte?Andpleaseaddsomeicetothelatter.M:Okay.Forhereortogo?W:Togo.Here’s10dollars.Keepthechange.4.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Whatpaintingstobuy.B.WhethertogetaTV.C.Whichmovietowatch.【答案】B【原文】M:Idon’tthinkweneedaTV.WecanwatchTVshowsandmoviesonourphones.W:IbelieveaTVisessentialforahome.M:InsteadofbuyingaTV,I’dratherbuyafewpaintingstohangonthewall.5.Howisthemanfeeling?A.Confused. B.Upset. C.Satisfied.【答案】B【原文】W:Hey,what’swrong?Youseemblue.M:Ihadaroughdayatwork.Mybosswasn’tsatisfiedwithmypresentation,andIgotsomenegativefeedback.W:I’msorrytohearaboutyourday.Sometimes,thingsgocontrarytoourwishes.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.Whatisthemangoingtodotomorrow?A.Haveacheck-up. B.Goonabusinesstrip. C.Dosomecleaning.7.Whereisprobablytheman’sIDcard?A.Inthebedroom. B.Inthestudy. C.Inthelivingroom.【答案】6.A7.B【原文】M:Laura,I’vecheckedthelivingroomandthebedroom,butmyIDcardisnowheretobefound.Ineedtouseitfortomorrow’scheck-up.W:Whendidyouuseitlasttime?M:Hmm...Iuseditduringabusinesstriplastmonth.Iputitinmybriefcase.Thebriefcasemustbeinthelivingroom!W:Well,Igaveathoroughcleaningyesterday.Iputyourbriefcaseinthestudy.M:Okay.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.Howdidthemangettoknowaboutcavehomes?A.Fromhisfriend. B.Fromajournal. C.FromaTVshow.9.Whatdoesthemansayaboutcavehomes?A.Theyareeasytobuild.B.Theycanexistforcenturies.C.Theyprovideapleasantindoorclimate.10.Whatdothespeakersplantodoatlast?A.TraveltoShaanxiProvince.B.Climbamountaintogether.C.BuyahouseinChina.【答案】8.B9.C10.A【原文】M:Doyouknowthereareatleast30millionpeopleinChinawholiveincavehomes?Thecavehomeisalsocalledyaodong.W:That’samazing!Howdidyoucomeacrosstheinformation?M:Fromascientificjournal.MyfriendAmyrecommendedittome.W:IoncesawcavehomesonaTVshow.Itissaidthattheyhaveexistedforcenturies.M:Yep,especiallyinsomeruralareasofShaanxiProvince.They’rebasicallyhomescarvedintothesidesofmountainsorhills,andtheyarewarminwinterandcoolinsummer.W:Fantastic!Ifindcavehomesinruralareasmoredesirablethanconcretehomesinthecities.M:Yes.PerhapswecanvisitShaanxiProvinceandseethosecavehomesthissummervacation.W:Thatsoundslikeaplan.Ican’twaittoexplorehowthosecavehomesusenaturalresourcessoeffectively.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。11.Howmanykilometershasthewomanrun?A.Around4kilometers. B.Around8kilometers. C.Around10kilometers.12.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthemorning. B.Intheafternoon. C.Intheevening.13.Whatdoesthewomanintendtodonext?A.Keeprunning. B.Drinksomewater. C.Getamembershipcard.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【原文】M:Excuseme,doyouknowhowmanykilometersitistorunaroundtheScienceExhibitionCenter?W:Around4kilometersonelap.M:That’sgoodtoknow.Howmanylapshaveyourun?W:I’vecompleted2laps.IhavetorestforawhilebeforeIgoonrunning.Mygoalistorun10kilometers.M:That’simpressive.Doyouruneverynight?W:No.Todayisanexception.Iusuallyruneverymorning.Sinceitrainedthismorning,Ichangedmyrunningtime.Howaboutyou?M:Iusedtorunatthegymintheafternoon.ButsincemygymmembershipisdeadandI’mnotgoingtorenewit,Idecidedtostartrunningoutdoors.W:Smartmove.Well,I’mgoingtomoveon.Seeyoulater!M:I’mgoingtograbsomewater.Catchyoulater!聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。14.WhatisEmilydoingatfirst?A.Enjoyingsomesnacks.B.Lookingforalternativeroutes.C.PraisingJohnforhispreparations.15.Whichsongwillthespeakersbegintheirjourneywith?A.Route66. B.BorntoRun. C.SweetHomeAlabama.16.Whatwillthespeakers’secondstopbe?A.GrandCanyon. B.GoldenGateBridge. C.YellowstoneNationalPark.【答案】14.C15.B16.A【原文】M:Emily,readyforourroadtripadventure?W:Absolutely!Yourplanningskillsareimpressive,John.Thesnackslookdelicious.Andthismapwithallthedotsislikeatreasuremap!M:Thanks,Ijustwanttomakesurewehitallthemust-seespots.We’vegottheGoldenGateBridge,theGrandCanyon,andsomuchmoreaheadofus.W:Ican’twait!So,whatsongshouldweplayfirst?M:Goodquestion!Anysuggestions?W:Howaboutsomethingupbeattostart?BorntoRunbyBruceSpringsteenalwaysgetsmeintheroadtripmood.That’saclassicchoice.Alternatively,wecouldgoforRoute66orSweetHomeAlabama.M:Greatpicks!Let’sstartwithBorntoRunasweleaveLosAngeles.Getreadyforanunforgettableride!W:Firststop,theGoldenGateBridge,right?Thenwe’reofftotheGrandCanyon.Oh,andIcan’twaittoseetheOldFaithfulintheYellowstoneNationalPark!M:Yeah.It’sgoingtobeincredible.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17.WhatdidLaura’sfathermanagetodohimself?A.Paybackhisdad$1,000plusinterest.B.WatchaWorldSeriesgamelive.C.Growawatermelon.18.WhichtaskonthebucketlistdidLauracompletealone?A.TravellingaroundEuropefortwoweeks.B.Puttingonashowinarestaurant.C.Talkingwiththepresident.19.WhatdidLaura’sfatherdoforaliving?A.Hesangsongs. B.Hewrotebooks. C.Hesoldgoods.20.WhatdoesLauraadvisepeopletodoatlast?A.Livemorepurposefully.B.Spendmoretimewiththeirfamilies.C.Trytogivethemselvessometimetobealone.【答案】17.B18.A19.C20.A【原文】M:In2016,13yearsafterLauraCarney’sfather’sdeath,shespottedherlatefather’sbucketlist.Lauralookedatit,andthensheglancedupatherhusband.“Ineedtofinishit,”shesaid.Thelisthad60tasks,fiveofwhichhadalreadybeencheckedoff,including“doacomedymonologueinarestaurant”and“seeaWorldSeriesgamelive”.Onewasmarked“failed”—“paybackmydad$1,000plusinterest”.Thatleft54itemsforLauratocomplete.Theitemsrangedfromrelativelysimpletasks,like“swimthewidthofariver”and“growawatermelon”tomorecomplicatedtasks,like“talkwiththepresident”.Still,Laurawasdetermined.ShelearnedthattheformerPresidentJimmyCartertaughtSundayschoolinGeorgia.Sheandherhusbandflewtheretomeethim.Lauracompletedmanytasksonthebucketlistbyherself,includingatwo-weektriptoEurope.“Ididn’tfeellikeIwasdoingthingsalone,becauseIknewmydadwaswithme.Mydadwassuchadreamer.Hespenthisdaysworkingasasalesmanandhissparetimesinging,writingandperforming,”Laurasaid.“Ireallyencourageeverybodytowriteabucketlist.Ithelpsyoustartlivingmoreintentionally.Whenyoulivewithpurpose,you’remorelikelytofindyourdirectioninlife.Anddon’tbeafraidofleavingsomeoftheitemsonyourlistunfinished.”第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ARenownedArtworksfromAroundtheGlobeLeonardodaVinci’s“MonaLisa”,acaptivatingportraitofawomanwithamysterioussmile,islocatedintheLouvreMuseum.Itwelcomesthepublicfrom9:00amto6:00pm,Tuesdaysexcluded.Duringpeaktouristtimes,expectextremelylongqueues.Whilenon-flashphotographyisokay,anyactthatmightdamageordisruptthepaintingisstrictlyoff-limits.VincentvanGogh’s“TheStarryNight”,showcasinghisdistinctpost-impressioniststylewithitsswirlingskiesandcharmingsmallvillagebelow,isondisplayattheMuseumofModernArt.Themuseumoperatesfrom10:30amto5:30pmandisclosedonWednesdays.Viewersmustmaintainaproperdistanceandnotouching.Selfie(自拍)sticksandtripodsareprohibitedtoavoidaccidents.EdvardMunch’s“TheScream”,aniconicexpressionistcreationwithadistortedfigureandvividcolorsexpressinganxiety,ispartoftheNationalGalleryinOslo.Thegalleryisopen10:00amto6:00pm,closedMondays.Intheroomof“TheScream”,photographyisforbiddentopreventanydamage.Michelangelo’s“David”,amarblemasterpieceandaprimeexampleoftheRenaissanceera,residesintheGalleriadell’AccademiainFlorence.Openfrom8:15amto6:50pm,TuesdaystoSundays.Givenitsfragilityandheavyfootfall,thecrowdflowiscarefullymanaged.Visitorsmuststicktonon-flashphotographyandnotattemptanydamageorclimbing.21.WherecanyouseeVincentvanGogh’s“TheStarryNight”?A.TheLouvreMuseum. B.TheMuseumofModernArt.C.TheNationalGallery. D.TheGalleriadell’Accademia.22.Whichofthefollowingartworksisforbiddentobephotographed?A.MonaLisa B.TheStarryNight C.TheScream D.David23.Whatisthecommonruleforvisitingtheseartworks?A.Novisitingduringpeaktimes. B.NoenteringonMondays.C.Nousingflashphotography. D.Notouchingordamaging.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章列舉了四件世界著名藝術(shù)品及其展覽地點(diǎn)和參觀須知?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“VincentvanGogh’s“TheStarryNight”,showcasinghisdistinctpost-impressioniststylewithitsswirlingskiesandcharmingsmallvillagebelow,isondisplayattheMuseumofModernArt.(文森特?梵高的《星空》在現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館展出，這幅作品以其旋轉(zhuǎn)的星空和下方迷人的小村莊展現(xiàn)了他獨(dú)特的后印象派風(fēng)格)”可知，《星空》展出于現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館(TheMuseumofModernArt)。故選B?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Intheroomof“TheScream”,photographyisforbiddentopreventanydamage.(在《吶喊》展出的房間里，禁止拍照，以防止任何損壞)”可知，《吶喊》的展覽區(qū)域禁止拍照，而其他藝術(shù)品允許攝影或非閃光燈攝影。故選C。【23題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Whilenon-flashphotographyisokay,anyactthatmightdamageordisruptthepaintingisstrictlyoff-limits.(雖然非閃光攝影是可以的，但任何可能損壞或破壞畫作的行為都是嚴(yán)格禁止的)”，第二段的“Viewersmustmaintainaproperdistanceandnotouching.(觀眾必須保持適當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x，不得觸碰)”，第三段的“Intheroomof“TheScream”,photographyisforbiddentopreventanydamage.(在《吶喊》展出的房間里，禁止拍照，以防止任何損壞)”以及第四段的“Visitorsmuststicktonon-flashphotographyandnotattemptanydamageorclimbing.(游客必須堅(jiān)持非閃光攝影，不要試圖造成任何傷害或攀爬)”可知，所有藝術(shù)品的參觀規(guī)則都強(qiáng)調(diào)禁止觸碰或損壞。故選D。BHuman’spursuitofbeautybeginsatanearlyage.Thefactisperfectlytrueforyoungladies.WhenScarlettandherclassmateswereinfifthgrade,theystartedtoworryaboutgettingwrinkles.Bythetimesheturned14,ScarlettandherfriendswerespendinghoursonTikTokandYouTubewatchingpeopletalkaboutproductstomaketheirskinlooknice:awet,shiny,perfectskin.Scarlettmadeabigskincareroutinewithfacewash,sprays,hydratingcoversandcreams.Onenight,Scarlett’sskinbegantoburnintenselyandgotbubbles.Usingtoomuchstrongstuffforgrown-upsmadeherskinverybad.Scarlett’sexperienceiscommonnow,expertssay,asyounggirlsgotobeautystorestobuyfancyskincareproducts,atrendseeninpopularvideoswiththehashtag#SephoraKids.Thingslikeretinolandchemicalscrubslikehydroxyacidsareverystrong.Youngorsensitiveskincangetred,peelandburnthatcancauseinfections,spotsandtoomuchsensitivityifnotusedright,skindoctorssay.“Thefocusonskincareismorethanjustwantingperfectskin.It’saboutfeelingacceptedandbelongingtoacommunitythathasthelifestyleandlookyouwant,”says14-year-oldMiaHall.Morethantheharmtothebody,parentsandchildpsychologistsworryabouthowthistrendcanaffectgirls’feelingsandthoughtsforalongtime.Alotofinformationshowsthatbeingtoofocusedonlookscanhurthowyoufeelaboutyourselfandyourbodyandcancauseworry,sadnessandeatingproblems.Theamountofdetailandinformationgirlsgetfrombeautylessonssendsabadmessageatatimewhentheyaregrowingupandfindingoutwhotheyare,saysCharlotteMarkey,abodyimageexpertandateacheratRutgersUniversity.24.WhatwasScarlett’sconcernwhenshewasinfifthgrade?A.Gettingwrinkles. B.Herskinnotbeingshiny.C.Herskin’shydration. D.Beingrejectedbyherfriends.25.WhathappenedtoScarlett’sskinafterusingadult-strengthproducts?A.Herskinbecameflawless. B.Herskinturnedredandpeel.C.Herskinbecameverysmooth. D.Herskinstartedtoburnandblister.26.Whyaresomeskincareproductsharmfulforyoungorsensitiveskin?A.Theyaretooexpensive. B.Theyarenotsoldinbeautystores.C.Theyaredesignedforolderpeople. D.Theycancauseredness,peeling,andburning.27.Whatisthepossibleresultoftoomuchfocusonskincare?A.Itimprovesunderstandingofproperskincareroutines.B.Itcanleadtoanxiety,depression,andeatingdisorders.C.Ithelpstobuildbetterself-esteemandconfidence.D.Itencourageshealthyrelationshipswithpeers.【答案】24.A25.D26.D27.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，文章通過幾個(gè)女孩的事例闡述了年輕女孩過早追求美容護(hù)膚的趨勢(shì)及其潛在危害?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenScarlettandherclassmateswereinfifthgrade,theystartedtoworryaboutgettingwrinkles.(當(dāng)Scarlett和她的同學(xué)們上五年級(jí)時(shí)，他們開始擔(dān)心長(zhǎng)皺紋。)”可知，Scarlett在五年級(jí)時(shí)擔(dān)心的是長(zhǎng)皺紋，故選A?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Onenight,Scarlett’sskinbegantoburnintenselyandgotbubbles.Usingtoomuchstrongstuffforgrown-upsmadeherskinverybad.(一天晚上，思嘉的皮膚開始劇烈地灼燒起來，冒出了泡泡。用了太多成人專用的強(qiáng)力物品，使她的皮膚非常糟糕。)”可知，用了成人護(hù)膚產(chǎn)品后，Scarlett的皮膚開始灼燒起水泡。故選D。【26題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thingslikeretinolandchemicalscrubslikehydroxyacidsareverystrong.Youngorsensitiveskincangetred,peelandburnthatcancauseinfections,spotsandtoomuchsensitivityifnotusedright,skindoctorssay.(像視黃醇和像果酸這樣的化學(xué)擦劑是非常強(qiáng)的。皮膚醫(yī)生說，如果使用不當(dāng)，年輕或敏感的皮膚會(huì)變紅、脫皮和灼傷，從而導(dǎo)致感染、斑點(diǎn)和過度敏感。)”可知，有些護(hù)膚品對(duì)年輕或敏感皮膚有害是因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)導(dǎo)致發(fā)紅、脫皮和灼燒。故選D?！?7題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Alotofinformationshowsthatbeingtoofocusedonlookscanhurthowyoufeelaboutyourselfandyourbodyandcancauseworry,sadnessandeatingproblems.(很多信息表明，過于關(guān)注外表會(huì)損害你對(duì)自己和身體的感覺，還會(huì)引發(fā)擔(dān)憂、悲傷和飲食問題。)”可知，過分關(guān)注皮膚護(hù)理可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致的后果是導(dǎo)致焦慮、抑郁和飲食失調(diào)。故選B。CThesedays,we’reallwellawareoftheplasticproblemtheworld’sfacing.We’reremindedofthisissueallthetime,whetherthat’sbybeingencouragedtorecycle,orbyhavingtopayfordisposablecarrierbags.Althoughweallrealizewhataseriousissueplasticpollutionis,it’sdifferentwhenyouactuallyseetheoverwhelmingresultsofitforyourself.Thiswasthesituationateamofresearcherswhorecentlypublishedastudyontheso-calledGreatPacificGarbagePatch(垃圾帶)inthejournalScientificReportsfoundthemselvesin.Accordingtothestudy,thepatch,whichislocatedoffthecoastofCalifornia,US,ismadeupof79,000tonsofplasticwasteandcovers1.6millionsquarekilometers.It’soverfourtimesthesizeofJapan,oralmost100timesthesizeofBeijing.“I’vebeendoingthisresearchforawhile,butitwasdepressingtosee[thepatchinperson],”LaurentLebreton,leadauthorofthestudy,toldtheGuardian.“Therewerethingsyoujustwonderedhowtheymadeitintotheocean.There’sclearlyanincreasinginfluxofplasticintothegarbagepatch.”It’sbelievedthat8milliontonsofplasticendsupintheseaeachyear,andalotofitendsupcollectingnearlargooceancurrentsaroundtheworld,forming“islands”ofplastic.Thiscausesproblemsnotonlyforsoncreaturesbutalsoforhumans.Theswirlingoceancurrentseventuallybreakdownsomeoftheplastic,withalotofitendingupinthedigestivesystemsoffishandbirds.Asaresult,it’sbelievedthatplastichasworkeditswayupthefoodchaindirectlyontoourplates—nottomentionthecountlesscreaturesthatchokeonplasticwaste,orarepoisonedbythechemicalsinit.Sowhatcanwedoaboutthis?LebretonisamemberoftheOceanCleanupFoundation,agroupthat’sdevelopedtechnologytocollectplasticwastefromtheocean.Thisisahugeproject,withthegroupclaimingitwilltakearoundfiveyearsjusttocleanuphalfoftheGreatPacificGarbagePatchalone.Butratherthandiscouragepeoplefromusingplasticaltogether,Lebretonbelievesthatweshouldsimplybemoremindfulofhowweuseit.“Inmyopinion,plasticisveryuseful.ButIthinkwemustdivert(轉(zhuǎn)移)thewayweuseplastic,particularlyintermsofsingle-useplasticandthoseobjectsthathaveaveryshortservicelifespan,”hetoldBBCNews.28.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.TheGreatPacificGarbagePatch. B.Astudyonplasticpollution.C.Lebretonandhisresearch. D.Cleaningoceanofplastic.29.Accordingtothetext,theGreatPacificGarbagePatch________.A.isaboutfourtimesthesizeofBeijing.B.isharmfultobothseacreaturesandhumans.C.consistsofabout1.6milliontonsofplasticwaste.D.wasformedbecauseofswirlingoceancurrents.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peopleshouldbemorecarefulwiththeiruseofplasticproducts.B.Single-useplasticshouldbebannedforthesakeoftheenvironment.C.TheGreatPacificGarbagePatchwillbecleanedupinaboutfiveyears.D.Plasticproductswithshortservicelifespansshouldbereplaced.31.Whatisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Abusinessreport B.Atextbook C.Amagazine D.Sciencefiction【答案】28.D29.B30.A31.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了太平洋垃圾帶的情況，包括其規(guī)模、對(duì)生態(tài)的影響以及應(yīng)對(duì)措施?！?8題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thesedays,we’reallwellawareoftheplasticproblemtheworld’sfacing.We’reremindedofthisissueallthetime,whetherthat’sbybeingencouragedtorecycle,orbyhavingtopayfordisposablecarrierbags.(如今，我們都很清楚世界正面臨的塑料問題。我們時(shí)刻被這個(gè)問題提醒著，無論是被鼓勵(lì)回收，還是不得不為一次性購(gòu)物袋付費(fèi))”、第二段中“Accordingtothestudy,thepatch,whichislocatedoffthecoastofCalifornia,US,ismadeupof79,000tonsofplasticwasteandcovers1.6millionsquarekilometers.It’soverfourtimesthesizeofJapan,oralmost100timesthesizeofBeijing.(根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，這個(gè)位于美國(guó)加利福尼亞州沿岸的垃圾帶由7.9萬噸塑料垃圾組成，覆蓋面積為160萬平方千米。它的面積是日本的四倍多，幾乎是北京的100倍)”、第四段中“Thiscausesproblemsnotonlyforsoncreaturesbutalsoforhumans.Theswirlingoceancurrentseventuallybreakdownsomeoftheplastic,withalotofitendingupinthedigestivesystemsoffishandbirds.(這不僅給海洋生物帶來問題，也給人類帶來問題。旋轉(zhuǎn)的洋流最終會(huì)分解部分塑料，其中很多最終進(jìn)入魚類和鳥類的消化系統(tǒng))”以及最后一段中“Thisisahugeproject,withthegroupclaimingitwilltakearoundfiveyearsjusttocleanuphalfoftheGreatPacificGarbagePatchalone.(該組織研發(fā)了一種從海洋中收集塑料垃圾的技術(shù)。這是一個(gè)龐大的項(xiàng)目，該組織聲稱僅清理太平洋垃圾帶的一半就需要大約五年的時(shí)間)”可知，文章通過描述塑料污染對(duì)海洋所造成的嚴(yán)重性和影響，提出了解決方案。選項(xiàng)D“清理海洋塑料”準(zhǔn)確地概括了文章的核心內(nèi)容，即海洋塑料污染問題及其可能的解決方案——清理海洋塑料。故選D?！?9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thiscausesproblemsnotonlyforseacreaturesbutalsoforhumans.Theswirlingoceancurrentseventuallybreakdownsomeoftheplastic,withalotofitendingupinthedigestivesystemsoffishandbirds.(這不僅給海洋生物帶來了問題，也給人類帶來了問題。旋轉(zhuǎn)的洋流最終會(huì)分解一些塑料，其中很多塑料最終會(huì)進(jìn)入魚類和鳥類的消化系統(tǒng))”可知，太平洋垃圾帶對(duì)海洋生物和人類都有害。故選B。【30題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Butratherthandiscouragepeoplefromusingplasticaltogether,Lebretonbelievesthatweshouldsimplybemoremindfulofhowweuseit.(但勒布倫并不主張人們完全放棄使用塑料，他認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該更加注意自己使用塑料的方式)”可知，我們應(yīng)該更加注意自己使用塑料制品的方式，即人們應(yīng)該更加小心地使用塑料制品。故選A。【31題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Accordingtothestudy,thepatch,whichislocatedoffthecoastofCalifornia,US,ismadeupof79,000tonsofplasticwasteandcovers1.6millionsquarekilometers.(據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究稱，這塊漂浮物位于美國(guó)加利福尼亞州海岸附近，由79000噸塑料垃圾組成，面積160萬平方公里)以及文章其他內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了關(guān)于太平洋垃圾帶的研究，介紹了其組成、危害以及解決辦法等，屬于一篇科普類文章，由此推知，文章來源于雜志。故選C。DLanguagegraduallyshiftsovertime.Muchresearchexamineshowsocialandenvironmentalfactorsinfluencelanguagechange,butverylittledealswiththeforcesofhumancognitive(認(rèn)知的)selectionthatfixcertainwordsintothevocabulary.Foranextensivenewstudy,publishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,scientistsinvestigatedjustthat.Inanexperiment,thousandsofparticipantsreadEnglish-languagestoriesandrewrotethemtobereadbyotherparticipants,whothenrewrotethemforothers.Onlycertainwordsfromthefirststoriessurvivedinthefinalversions.Researchersanalyzedthewordtypesspeakersconsistentlyfavored,theorizingthatsuchpreferencesdrivelanguagechangeovertime.ThescientistsalsoanalyzedtwolargecollectionsofEnglishhistoricaltextsfromthepasttwocenturies,containingmorethan40billionwords—againseeingonlycertaintypessurvive.Theresultscombinedtoshowthreepropertiesthatgivewordsan“evolutionaryadvantage”(演變優(yōu)勢(shì))byhelpingthemstickinthebrain:First,wordstypicallyacquiredatanearlyage(suchas“hand,”“uncle”or“today”)arestabler.Next,concretewordsstaybetterthanabstractones:“dog”persistslongerthan“animal,”whichpersistslongerthan“organism.”Lastly,emotionallyexcitingwords—whethernegativeorpositive—tendtolast.Indianacognitivescientistandstudyco-authorFritzBreithauptsaysthenewstudysupportsamorerecenttheorythatlanguageultimatelygetsmoreefficientandeasiertounderstand.Still,“theEnglishlanguageisnotbabytalk.”Breithauptexplains,“Yes,weshifttowardsimplelanguage,butthenwealsograbcomplexlanguagethatweneed.”Newwordsthataddressthecomplexityofmodernlifemaysomewhatcounterthisshift.Theproposedtrendtoward“simpler”languageiscontroversial.ColumbiaUniversitylinguistJohnMcWhorterquestions,however,theoverallefficiencyofEnglish—alanguagehesayscontainsthingslike“needlesslycomplex”grammaticaluses.“ThereareaboutfivewaystoindicatethefutureinEnglish,”hesays.“Ipityanybodywhodoesn’tgrowupwithitnatively”andwantstolearnit.StudyleadauthorYingLi,aChinesepsychologist,notesthatEnglishhadevenmorecomplicatedgrammarinthepast.McWhorter,Lisupposes,“wouldcomplainmoreifhetraveledback800yearsago.”32.Whatcontributestolanguagechangeaccordingtothenewstudy?A.Ashifttowardssimplewords.B.Theanalysisofhistoricaltexts.C.Apreferenceforcertainwords.D.Theexplorationofsocialfactors.33.Whichofthefollowingwordshasthegreatest“evolutionaryadvantage”?A.Feeling. B.Smile. C.Independence. D.Life.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counter”meaninparagraph4?A.Relyon. B.Adaptto. C.Speedup. D.Balanceout.35.WhatcanweinferaboutMcWhorterinthelastparagraph?A.HewouldlikelycriticizeEnglishgrammarmoreinthepast.B.HewouldprobablydoubtthenecessityoftheEnglishfuturetense.C.HebelievesmodernEnglishgrammarimproveslanguageefficiency.D.HethinksnativeEnglishspeakersfindEnglishgrammarchallenging.【答案】32.C33.B34.D35.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要探討了語言隨時(shí)間變化的認(rèn)知選擇因素。研究表明，早期習(xí)得、具體性及情感關(guān)聯(lián)是詞匯存留的關(guān)鍵因素。盡管語言演化趨于簡(jiǎn)單高效，復(fù)雜語言仍用于應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)代生活需求，同時(shí)引發(fā)了關(guān)于英語語法復(fù)雜性的討論與反思。【32題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Muchresearchexamineshowsocialandenvironmentalfactorsinfluencelanguagechange,butverylittledealswiththeforcesofhumancognitiveselectionthatfixcertainwordsintothevocabulary.(許多研究探討了社會(huì)和環(huán)境因素是如何影響語言變化的，但很少涉及人類認(rèn)知選擇的力量，這種力量將某些單詞固定在詞匯表中。)”以及第二段中的“Researchersanalyzedthewordtypesspeakersconsistentlyfavored,theorizingthatsuchpreferencesdrivelanguagechangeovertime.(研究人員分析了說話者一直喜歡的詞匯類型，并提出了這樣的偏好會(huì)導(dǎo)致語言隨著時(shí)間的推移而變化的理論。)”可知，根據(jù)這項(xiàng)新研究，對(duì)某些詞的偏愛導(dǎo)致了語言的變化。故選C?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresultscombinedtoshowthreepropertiesthatgivewordsan“evolutionaryadvantage”byhelpingthemstickinthebrain:First,wordstypicallyacquiredatanearlyage(suchas“hand,”“uncle”or“today”)arestabler.Next,concretewordsstaybetterthanabstractones:“dog”persistslongerthan“animal,”whichpersistslongerthan“organism.”Lastly,emotionallyexcitingwords—whethernegativeorpositive—tendtolast.(綜合這些結(jié)果，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了三個(gè)特性，這些特性通過幫助單詞在大腦中留下深刻印象，從而賦予單詞“進(jìn)化優(yōu)勢(shì)”：首先，通常在早年習(xí)得的單詞（如“手”、“叔叔”或“今天”）更加穩(wěn)定。其次，具體單詞比抽象單詞更容易被記住：“狗”這個(gè)詞比“動(dòng)物”這個(gè)詞記憶得更長(zhǎng)久，而“動(dòng)物”又比“生物體”記憶得更長(zhǎng)久。最后，無論是負(fù)面的還是正面的，情緒上令人激動(dòng)的單詞往往更加持久。)”可知，語言的“進(jìn)化優(yōu)勢(shì)”包括三個(gè)特性：早期習(xí)得性、具體性以及情感激勵(lì)性。選項(xiàng)中“Smile(微笑)”具備早期習(xí)得、具體性和情感關(guān)聯(lián)，因此比“feeling(情感的總稱，偏抽象)”、“independence(學(xué)得的抽象詞匯)”和“l(fā)ife(抽象詞匯)”更具優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選B。【34題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Still,“theEnglishlanguageisnotbabytalk.”Breithauptexplains,“Yes,weshifttowardsimplelanguage,butthenwealsograbcomplexlanguagethatweneed.”(盡管如此，“英語并不是嬰兒的語言?！盉reithaupt解釋說，“是的，我們確實(shí)會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向簡(jiǎn)單的語言，但同時(shí)我們也會(huì)使用我們需要的復(fù)雜語言。”)”和“Newwordsthataddressthecomplexityofmodernlife(描述現(xiàn)代生活復(fù)雜性的新詞)”可知，劃線詞所在句子表示“描述現(xiàn)代生活復(fù)雜性的新詞可能會(huì)在某種程度上抵消這種轉(zhuǎn)變”，“counter”意為“抵消、平衡”，和Balanceout意思相近。故選D?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ColumbiaUniversitylinguistJohnMcWhorterquestions,however,theoverallefficiencyofEnglish—alanguagehesayscontainsthingslike“needlesslycomplex”grammaticaluses.(然而，哥倫比亞大學(xué)的語言學(xué)家JohnMcWhorter對(duì)英語的整體效率提出了質(zhì)疑，他說英語包含了一些“不必要的復(fù)雜”語法用法。)”可知，在過去，他可能會(huì)更多地批評(píng)英語語法。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ArtificialIntelligence(AI)isbecomingincreasinglypopularinchildren’slives,fromvoice-activatedassistantslikeAlexatoAI-poweredhomeworkhelptools.___36___TohelpchildrenbalancethebenefitsofAIwithoutnurturingdependency,herearesomepracticalstrategies:FrameAIasasupportivepartner,notasolution.___37___Ifthey’reworkingonanassignment,askthemtofirstattemptitindependently.Oncethey’vedonetheirbest,theycanuseAItochecktheirworkorgetadditionalinsights.Thisway,theyseeAIasanaidinrefiningtheirideasratherthanasareplacementfortheireffort.___38___Mindfultechnologyuseinvolvescuriosityaboutwhereinformationcomesfrom.Encourageyourchildtoaskquestionslike,“Howdidthisanswercometome?”or“Isthisinformationproven?”ThisnotonlybuildscriticalthinkingbutalsoteachesthemtoassessAI-generatedcontentwithahealthylevelofskepticism.Encouragecreativityoverconvenience.Whenkidsareworkingoncreativeprojects,suchaswritingorartwork,suggesttheyuseAIasabrainstormingtool.___39___However,theyneedtoshapethoseideasintheiruniquestyle.ThisapproachhelpsthemseeAIasaspringboardfortheircreativity,notasubstitutefortheirownideas.Setboundaries