建筑工程專業(yè)英語unit1(重慶科創(chuàng)職業(yè)學(xué)院)

建筑專業(yè)英語ProfessionalEnglishinArchitecture高職高專“十二五”規(guī)劃教材建筑工程專業(yè)英語王欣夏英姿主編冶金工業(yè)出版社Introduction

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AboutthetextbookNineunitsintotalChoose4unitsforthissemester

About6periodsforeachunitAimsforthiscourseTogainsomeprofessionaltermsinthefieldofarchitecture.ToknowthebasicglossaryofhousecomponentsinEnglish.ToknowthebasicarchitecturalstylesinEnglish.Toenhancethestudents’skillsofEnglishlanguageabilities,andresearchskillaswell.Questionsneededtobeclear

beforethecourse1.HowtostudyEnglish?2.HowtostudyarchitecturalEnglishterms?2.PurposetostudyarchitecturalEnglishArchitectureasasystematiceducationwasbuiltupinthewesternworld.Tolearnspecificarchitecturaltermsisessentialforarchitectstounderstandtheirsysteminawhole.Asprofessionals,weneedtograspprofessionaltermsforcommunication.3.HowtostudyarchitecturalEnglishterms?a.Useillustrationsb.Repeat/rereadc.Userealexamplesd.ActualuseImportantPoints

ArchitecturalEnglishcourseisNOTacourseforlearningbasicEnglishknowledgesuchasgrammarorsentencestructures.Wefocusonunderstandingandvocabulary.Unit

one

BriefIntroductiontoArchitectureLTalket’sLead-inQuestionsWhatisyourmajor?Do

youlikeyourmajor?Why

didyouchooseit?What

doyouthinkyoucanlearnfromyourmajor?

2345ReadingFocus6WhatisArchitecture1DevelopmentofArchitectureArchitectureofAncientWorldArchitectureoftheAncientWorld

ArchitecturesoftheNewWorldLanguagePointsWarming-upQuestions:Accordingtoyourunderstanding,whatisarchitecture?Doyouknowsomefamousarchitectureintheworld?

FamousarchitectureTheGreatWallTheForbiddenCityTheHeavenTempleTheSummerPalaceThePotalaPalaceJinciTempleTheOrientalPearlTVTowerSydneyOperaHouseEiffelTowerTajMahalLeaningTowerofPisaTask1ReadtoknowTextA:WhatisArchitectureStep1:ReadingnewwordsloudlyStep2:Pleasereadthetextasfastasyoucan,trytoknowthedefinitionofarchitecture,thedevelopmentofarchitecture,andseveraldifferentperiodsofarchitecture.

Step3textAnalysis:Para1:Architectureisapassion,avocation,acallingaswellasascienceandabusiness.

keywords&expressionspassion,vocation,callingTextstudy1.Architectureistheimaginativeblendofartandscienceinthedesignofenvironmentsforpeoplewhoneedtoeat,work,liveandplay.建筑是在設(shè)計人們需要吃飯,工作,生活和娛樂的環(huán)境中,藝術(shù)和科學(xué)設(shè)計創(chuàng)意的結(jié)合.定語從句單詞區(qū)別Imageimagineimaginationimaginativeimaginaryimaginable1.Imaginable

常作后置定語，表示：可想象的，如：wehadthegreatestdifficultyimaginable.2.Imaginative

表示：富有想象力的、愛想象的，如：animaginativeperson富于想象力的人。3.Imaginary

表示：想象的，虛構(gòu)的，假象的，如：Anythingimaginaryistheproductsofanimaginativeperson'smind.任何虛構(gòu)的東西，都是有想象力的人的產(chǎn)物。2.Architectstransformtheseneedsintoconceptsandthendeveloptheconceptsintobuildingimagesthatcanbeconstructedbyothers.transform…into…e.g.Thescientistshavetransformedscientificresearchresultsintoproductiveforces.科學(xué)家已經(jīng)把科學(xué)成果轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力。3.Theseprojectscanbeassmallasanentrancewayandaslargeasanentirecollegecampusandeverythinginbetween.這些工程可以小到入口道路一樣小,也可以大到一個完整的大學(xué)校園一樣大,或兼而有之.4.Architectureistheartandscienceofdesigningbuildings.5.Awiderdefinitionwouldincludewithinitsscopethedesignofthetotalbuiltenvironment;fromthemacroleveloftownplanning,urbandesignandlandscapetothemicroleveloffurnitureandproductdesign.macrolevelmicrolevelWithinitsscope:在其范圍之內(nèi)e.g.Acompanyshallconductbusinessactivitieswithinitsregisteredbusinessscope.公司應(yīng)當(dāng)在其登記的經(jīng)營范圍之內(nèi)從事經(jīng)營活動。6.Architecture,equallyimportantly,alsoreferstotheproductofsuchadesign.建筑也指這些設(shè)計的創(chuàng)作，這也同樣重要。DevelopmentofArchitecture1.Timeisanimportantfactorinarchitecture,sinceabuildingisusuallycomprehendedinasuccessionofexperiencesratherthanallatonce.succession：[s?k's???n]一連串,一系列2.Inmostarchitecturethereisononevantagepointfromwhichthewholestructurecanbeunderstood.from+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句在大多數(shù)的建筑中沒有一個從整個建筑可以理解的制高點.3.Theuseoflightandshadow,aswellassurfacedecoration,cangreatlyenhanceastructure.4.Theanalysisofbuildingtypesprovidesaninsightintopastculturesanderas.5.Behindeachofthegreaterstylesliesnotacasualtrendnoravogue,butaperiodofseriousandurgentexperimentationdirectedtowardansweringtheneedsofaspecificwayoflife.在每種更大的風(fēng)格背后存在的不是普通的流行趨勢或風(fēng)氣,而是一種嚴(yán)重和緊迫的試驗方法.這種試驗是直接針對生活具體方式的需要而進(jìn)行的.不是…不是…而是分詞做定語Behindeachofthegreaterstyles.表示地點的介詞短語放在句首,引起完全倒裝.即主語和謂語的順序調(diào)換.E.g.:Underthetreeliesayoungman.Betweenthetwobuildingsstandatower.6.Oncedeveloped,amethodsurvivestenaciously,givingwayonlywhensocialchangesornewbuildingtechniqueshavereducedit.oncedeveloped=onceamethodisdeveloped.發(fā)生省略Question:什么時候可發(fā)生這樣的省略?tenaciously[t?'ne??sl?]堅持地;頑強地分詞做狀語7.Thatevolutionaryprocessisexemplifiedbythehistoryofmodernarchitecture,whichdevelopedfromthefirstusesofstructuralironandsteelinthemid-19thcentury.exemplify[?g'z?mpl?,fa?]例示;作為...的例子

I'mgoingtoexemplifyoneortwoofthesepoints.7.Untilthe20thcentury,therewerethreegreatdevelopmentsinarchitecturalconstruction.直到20世紀(jì),在建筑結(jié)構(gòu)上有三大開展趨勢

thepost-andlintel,ortrabeatedsystem;thearchsystem,eitherthecohesivetype,employingplasticmaterialshardeningintoahomogeneousmass,orthethrusttype,inwhichtheloadsarereceivedandcounterbalancedatdefinitepoints;andthemodernsteel-skeletonsystem.連梁柱系統(tǒng)或橫梁式系統(tǒng);拱系統(tǒng),或黏合類型,利用塑膠材料硬化變成均質(zhì)體,或嵌入類型,其中荷載收到和明確點抵消;現(xiàn)代鋼骨架系統(tǒng).thepost-andlintel,ortrabeatedsystemthearchsystemthemodernsteel-skeletonsystem

skeleton['sk?l?tn](房屋等的)骨架ArchitectureoftheAncientWorld8.InEgyptianarchitecture,towhichbelongsomeoftheearliestextantstructurestobecalledarchitecture(erectedbytheEgyptiansbefore3000BC),thepost-and-lintelsystemwasemployedexclusivelyandproducedtheearlieststonecolumnarbuildingsinhistory.在埃及建筑中,那些屬于最早的現(xiàn)存結(jié)構(gòu),一些被稱為建筑(由埃及人建于公元前3000年),連梁柱系統(tǒng)完全被利用并產(chǎn)生了歷史上最早的石柱狀建筑物.columnar：[k?‘l?mn?]柱狀的介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限EgyptianPyramidstonecolumnarbuilding9.Aftergenerationsofexperimentationwithbuildingsoflimitedvariety,theGreeksgavetothesimplepost-and-lintelsystemthepurest,mostperfectexpressionitwastoattain.經(jīng)過對有限的各種建筑物的數(shù)代的試驗,希臘人給出了最純粹最完美的簡單的連梁柱系統(tǒng).介詞短語做定語ArchitectureoftheMiddleAges1.ArchitectureduringtheMiddleAgessawmanyinnovativechangesfromtheRomanesquestyleofarchitecturetotheGothicstyleofarchitecture.

中世紀(jì)的建筑，見證了許多從羅馬風(fēng)格的建筑到哥特式的建筑風(fēng)格的變革。2.RomanesquearchitecturewasthenamegiventothestyleofarchitectureusedinveryearlyMiddlesAgeswhenmuchofthesedevelopmentswerepioneeredbytheNormansandtheirprolificcastlebuilding.羅馬式建筑很早就在中世紀(jì)時使用建筑風(fēng)格名稱并由諾曼人和他們的城堡建設(shè)者首先進(jìn)行開展.分詞做定語定語從句Romanesquearchitecture

TheRomanesquearchitectureoftheearlyMiddleAgeswasnotableforstrong,simple,massiveformsandvaultsexecutedincutstone.羅馬式建筑有著強有力的，簡單，大量的窗體和石拱頂用在削石中而有名。Benotablefor…:以……而著稱E.g.Theplayisnotableforthepathosofitsfinalscene.該劇以最后一場的哀婉動人而著稱。GothicarchitectureArchitectureoftheNewWorld1.Thearchitectsofthelate19thcenturyfoundthemselvesinaworldbeingreshapedbyscience,industry,andspeed.2.Theneedsofanewsocietypressedthem,whilesteel,reinforcedconcrete,andelectricitywereamongthemanynewtechnicalmeansattheirdisposal.3.Aftermorethanahalf-centuryofassimilationandexperimentation,modernarchitecture,oftencalledtheInternationalStyle,producedanastonishingvarietyofdaringandoriginalbuildings,oftensteelsubstructuressheathedinglass.

經(jīng)過半個多世紀(jì)的吸收和實驗,現(xiàn)代建筑,通常被稱為國際風(fēng)格,創(chuàng)作出了大膽和新穎的各種驚人的建筑物,通常是鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中包含著玻璃.過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做非謂語TheBauhaus包豪斯，德語Bauhaus的譯音，由德語bau(建造)和Haus(房屋)兩詞合成。1919年，德國包豪斯設(shè)計學(xué)院成立。該學(xué)院以包豪斯為基地，在1920年形成了現(xiàn)代建筑中的一個重要派別——現(xiàn)代主義建筑。包豪斯主張適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代大工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和生活需要，講求建筑功能、技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。說起來，其本義是造平民化的房子。在1919年的《包豪斯宣言》里中有這樣一句：一切創(chuàng)造活動的終極目標(biāo)就是建筑。在中國，最成功的包豪斯風(fēng)格作品很可能是北京的798。包豪斯的歷程就是現(xiàn)代設(shè)計誕生的歷程，也是在藝術(shù)和機(jī)械技術(shù)這兩個相去甚遠(yuǎn)的門類見搭建橋梁的歷程。無論是在建筑學(xué)、美術(shù)學(xué)、工業(yè)設(shè)計，包豪斯都占有主導(dǎo)地位。TheBauhaus包豪斯建筑學(xué)派4.Morerecently,postmodernarchitecture,whichexploitsandexpandsthetechnicalinnovationsofmodernism

whileoftenincorporatingstylisticelementsfromotherarchitecturalstylesorperiods,hasbecomeaninternationalmovement.最近,后現(xiàn)代建筑學(xué),利用和擴(kuò)展了現(xiàn)代派技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新,它是經(jīng)常進(jìn)行吸收和納入來自其他建筑風(fēng)格或某個階段的建筑風(fēng)格元素,這種后現(xiàn)代建筑學(xué)風(fēng)格已經(jīng)成為一項國際流行的趨勢.非限制性定語從句 CheckyourUnderstandingChoosethebestanswerSeepage6BuildupyourProfessionalVocabularyTranslationTask2ReadtoThinkTextBBecomeanArchitectWarming-upQuestions:Ifyouwanttobeanarchitect,whatkindofqualificationsdoyouneedtoobtain?Youcanspeakinchinese.Step1:basicvocabularystudyProfessionalVocabularystudyPleasereadthetextBasquicklyaspossible,trytofinish:ExerciseBTask3LearntoSpeakJobinterviewingPleasepracticethedialoguewithyourpartnerTask4LearntoWriteAnApplicationLetterJobApplicationLetter求職信

AnIntroductionApplicationletter

thepurpose:torespondtojobadvertisementsandvacancyannouncements.toshowthatyourqualificationsfittheemployer'srequirementsfortheposition.togettheemployertoreadyourrésumétoinviteyouforaninterview.求職信寫作要點1、篇幅不宜過長；2、書寫字體要整潔可辨，應(yīng)使用打印機(jī)打印，可是如果你有一手極漂亮的鋼筆字，不妨試著設(shè)計一份手寫簡歷3、語法準(zhǔn)確無誤，拼寫正確。務(wù)必注意對方姓名、公司名稱等重要信息不能出錯4、格式正式、排版大方美觀

ClearnessConcisenessCorrectnessCourtesy(politeness)FeaturesofApplicationLettersClearness(明了)Focusonthesubject–seekingajob,Thestructureshouldalsobeclearsothatthereadercaneasilygetyourpoint.Conciseness(簡潔)Alltheinformationincludedinthelettershouldberelevanttothejob.

Besides,usemoreshortsentencesthancompoundsentences.Correctness(準(zhǔn)確)Becorrectinyourwording,andavoidtoomanyspellingorpunctuationmistakes.Courtesy(politeness)(禮貌)Writeinapropertone.Showyourrespecttothereceiver.1234567Heading信頭InsideAddress信內(nèi)地址Salutation稱呼Body正文ComplementaryClose結(jié)束語Signature簽名Enclosure附件StructureofapplicationletterNo.11,4F,Lane200TungHwaStreetTaipei,TaiwanR.O.C.January2,1985Mr.MichaelJohnson116SeventhAvenueNewYork,N.Y.11216U.S.A.DearMr.Johnson,

Yourssincerely,GeorgeLeeP.S.1.信頭〔TheHeading〕2.收信人姓名和地址(InsideAddress)3.稱呼(TheSalutation)4.信文(TheBody)5.結(jié)尾謙稱(TheComplimentaryClose)6.簽名〔TheSignature〕7.附言ThePostscriptHeadingInsideAddressBodyofLetterSalutationComplementaryCloseEnclosureSignatureHowtowritethebodypart假設(shè)你叫李平，從報上得知某公司欲招聘一名英語翻譯。個人資料如下：簡況：姓名，李平；年齡，30歲；身高，1.80米；健康狀況，良好；業(yè)余愛好，游泳、唱歌、跳舞。簡歷：1994年北京大學(xué)畢業(yè)后分配到南通中學(xué)工作，1996年調(diào)至蘇州中學(xué)工作至今。工作：工作認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)，與人相處融洽。特長：精通英語，尤其口語，已將多本中文書籍譯成英語，懂一些日語、能用日語與外賓對話。聯(lián)系：3654731：蘇州市人民路一號Step1:介紹消息來源介紹消息來源實際上是求職信的開篇交待句，它可使求職信顯得自然、順暢；而不介紹消息來源，會使收信人感到意外、突然，文章也缺乏過渡.從報上得知某公司欲招聘一名英語翻譯。本文消息來源可作如下介紹：Dearmanager，IlearnedfromthenewspaperthatyourcompanywantedtohireanEnglishtranslator.Step2：說明求職心愿介紹完消息來源后，應(yīng)向收信人說明自己的求職心愿，即寫信的目的。本文求職心愿可作如下介紹：I’minterestedinthisjobverymuch.I’dliketoget/applyforthisjob.Step3：介紹個人簡歷即使公司需要招入新人，你也有求職意愿，但也不能保證你就是適宜的人選。如果你沒有干好這項工作的經(jīng)歷、實力，也是難以適應(yīng)的。因此，介紹個人簡歷是必不可少的。簡況：姓名，李平；年齡，30歲；身高，1.80米；健康狀況，良好；業(yè)余愛好，游泳、唱歌、跳舞。簡歷：1994年北京大學(xué)畢業(yè)后分配到南通中學(xué)工作，1996年調(diào)至蘇州中學(xué)工作至今。

NowI’dliketointroducemyselftoyou.MynameisLiPing.I’m30yearsold.I’m180cmtall.I’mhealthy.Ilikeswimming,singinganddancinginmysparetime.IgraduatedfromBeijingUniversityin1994.Then,IwenttoworkinNantongMiddleSchool.In1996,IbegantoworkinSuzhouMiddleSchoolandIhaveworkedthereuntilnow.Step4:擺出求職優(yōu)勢求職時應(yīng)說明自己除了具有一定的工作經(jīng)歷之外，還具有一定的優(yōu)勢和特長工作：工作認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)，與人相處融洽。特長：精通英語，尤其口語，已將多本中文書籍譯成英語，懂一些日語、能用日語與外賓對話。本文可通過如下方法擺出自己的優(yōu)勢：IworkhardandIcangetalongwellwithothers.I’mgoodatEnglishandespeciallymyspokenEnglishisverygood.I’vetranslatedmanyChinesebooksintoEnglish.IcanunderstandJapaneseandIcantalktoforeignersinJapanesefreely.step5:提出獲職打算工作經(jīng)驗,優(yōu)勢和特長，只能代表過去和現(xiàn)在，獲職打算代表了將來。顯然說明獲職后努力工作的決心順利謀得此項工作的重要一環(huán)。本文獲職打算可作如下介紹：Ifyouagreewithme，I’llworkhardandtrytobeagoodtranslator.Step6：請求答復(fù)聯(lián)系如果公司同意了你的求職要求，必然要和你聯(lián)系，以便你去應(yīng)聘或報到。請求答復(fù)聯(lián)系時，你還應(yīng)當(dāng)提供：通訊地址、郵政編碼、號碼、電子信箱等。聯(lián)系：3654731：蘇州市人民路一號本文答復(fù)聯(lián)系的內(nèi)容可作如下介紹：Ifyouagreewithme，pleasewritealettertomeorphoneme.IliveatNo.1RenminRoad，Suzhoucity.Mytelephonenumberis3654371.Step7:說明感謝之情并表達(dá)希望得到面試的時機(jī)。本文可這樣來說明感謝之情：Thankyouverymuch.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyouassoonaspossible.Enclosure附件Underthesignature.Indicatesmaterialsattachedtotheletter.Abbreviatedas“Encl.”or“Enc.”Shouldstatethecontentandamountofenclosedfiles.E.g.

Enclosure:Aresume附上簡歷一份

Enc.Aphotocopyofacademicdegreecertificate附學(xué)位證書復(fù)印件一份

Encls.2photographs附照片兩張SampleEnglishapplicationlettersLayoutofEnglishApplicationLettersandSuperscription(信封格式)

BlockStyle平頭式Sender’saddressReceiver’saddressDearSir,PleaseconsidermeforthepositionofmarketinvestigatoryouadvisedinMarketInformationofJune17th.

Iam28yearsold