計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)專業(yè)英語 課件 L5-1 Text 1 Internet of Things

L5-1

Lesson5InternetofThingsandElectronicCommerceText1InternetofThings要點(diǎn)KeyPoints：IoT、M2M、CPSThing/item/objectAutonomous/automaticEmbedded/built-inSensor/actuatorIn……senseVarious/inavarietyTheInternetofThings(IoT)isthenetworkofphysicalobjects,suchasdevices,vehicles,buildingsandotheritemswhichareembeddedwithelectronics,software,sensors,andnetworkconnectivity,whichenablestheseobjectstocollectandexchangedata.TheInternetofThingsallowsobjectstobesensedandcontrolledremotelyacrossexistingnetworkinfrastructure,creatingopportunitiesformore-directintegrationbetweenthephysicalworldandcomputer-basedsystems,andresultinginimprovedefficiency,accuracyandeconomicbenefit.WhenIoTisaugmentedwithsensorsandactuators,thetechnologybecomesaninstanceofthemoregeneralclassofcyber-physicalsystems(CPS),whichalsoencompassestechnologiessuchassmartgrids,smarthomes,intelligenttransportationandsmartcities.EachthingisuniquelyidentifiablethroughitsembeddedcomputingsystembutisabletointeroperatewithintheexistingInternetinfrastructure.ExpertsestimatethattheIoTwillconsistofalmost50billionobjectsby2020.物聯(lián)網(wǎng)，又稱傳感網(wǎng)，指的是將各種信息傳感設(shè)備，如射頻識(shí)別裝置、紅外感應(yīng)器、全球定位系統(tǒng)、激光掃描器等種種裝置與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)結(jié)合起來而形成的一個(gè)巨大網(wǎng)絡(luò)，其目的是讓所有的物與物都通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接在一起，方便識(shí)別和管理。thing、item和object都是用于泛指的詞，類似于事物、東西、事項(xiàng)（item）等，可以是抽象邏輯（logical）上的，也可以是具體物理上（physical）的。An"object"isaphysicalitem.Itmeanssomethingyoucantouch.Ashirtisanobject,butanideaisnotanobject.A"thing"canbeanything.Aphysicalobject,anidea,asituation.BritishentrepreneurKevinAshtonfirstcoinedthetermin1999whileworkingatAuto-IDLabs(originallycalledAuto-IDcenters)，referringtoaglobalnetworkofRadio-frequencyidentification(RFID)connectedobjects.Typically,IoTisexpectedtoofferadvancedconnectivityofdevices,systems,andservicesthatgoesbeyondmachine-to-machinecommunications(M2M)andcoversavarietyofprotocols,domains,andapplications.Theinterconnectionoftheseembeddeddevices(includingsmartobjects),isexpectedtousherinautomationinnearlyallfields,whilealsoenablingadvancedapplicationslikeasmartgrid,andexpandingtotheareassuchassmartcities.“Things,”intheIoTsense,canrefertoawidevarietyofdevicessuchasheartmonitoringimplants,biochiptranspondersonfarmanimals,electricclamsincoastalwaters,automobileswithbuilt-insensors,DNAanalysisdevicesforenvironmental/food/pathogenmonitoringorfieldoperationdevicesthatassistfirefightersinsearchandrescueoperations.Thesedevicescollectusefuldatawiththehelpofvariousexistingtechnologiesandthenautonomouslyflowthedatabetweenotherdevices.Currentmarketexamplesincludesmartthermostatsystemsandwasher/dryersthatuseWi-Fiforremotemonitoring.Field田野、學(xué)術(shù)、工業(yè)領(lǐng)域（有內(nèi)容）Area區(qū)域、范圍，例如parkingareaZone比area更小的范圍Region可控的區(qū)域Autonomous自治的；自主的；自發(fā)的Automa