2024年高考英語考綱解讀與熱點難點突破專題15瞻前顧后　閱讀理解之詞義猜測與細節(jié)理解教學案

PAGEPAGE1專題15瞻前顧后閱讀理解之詞義揣測與細微環(huán)節(jié)理解【2024年考綱解讀】詞義揣測題著重考查考生依據(jù)上下文揣測詞義的實力，這也是一個從“已知”得出“未知”的過程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是該詞或短語前后的句子)進行推理，有時還須要依靠常識和閱歷來揣測詞義。考查范圍涉及單詞意義理解、短語意義理解、句子意義理解或代詞指代對象的確定等?！绢}型示例】題型一詞義揣測【題型特點】詞義揣測題常見設(shè)問方式1．(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninthe...?(2)Theword“...”probablyrefersto...其中均含有wordorunderlinedword。2．(1)Theterm/sentencein...canbereplacedby...(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase/sentencemeaninthelastparagraph?【方法技巧】“一原則”、“二關(guān)注”速解詞義揣測題一原則結(jié)合上下文詞義揣測題所提問的單詞、詞組或句子一般都是考生不相識的，即使相識，正確答案也未必是熟識的含義。這種題目目的就是希望考生能結(jié)合上下文，來理解不相識的單詞、詞組或句子。二關(guān)注關(guān)注并列轉(zhuǎn)折部分這是做詞義揣測題的一大利器。因為由并列轉(zhuǎn)折連接的兩部分會存在語義含義和成分的對應(yīng)。所以假如有一個單詞不相識，就可以在與其并列或轉(zhuǎn)折部分的信息中找對應(yīng)信息。關(guān)注說明說明部分分析試題可以發(fā)覺，其實出題者在出一些詞義揣測題的時候也是動了惻隱之心的。會在晦澀難懂的信息旁邊存在一個說明說明部分，說明說明部分的標記有逗號、冒號、破折號、雙引號等。CapitalCityBikeTourInWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemost,interestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路途）makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyourbikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.CherryBlossomlikeTourinWashington,D.C.B.WashingtoncapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople. B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums. D.Enjoyinterestingstories.23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps. B.Cameras.C.Meals D.Safetylights【答案】21.A22.D23.D【解析】本文是一篇廣告應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了騎自行車到Washington,D.C.旅游的四中路途的相關(guān)行程及留意事項。23.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour中的Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.可知，全部騎行者都要裝備反光背心和平安手電筒。故選D。BGoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’sleantintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11."WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay￡5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves."Theeight-partseries(系列節(jié)自),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?【變式探究】【2024·江蘇】請仔細閱讀下列短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATheMetropolitanMuseumofArt1000FifthAvenueNewYork,NY10028211-535-7710EntrancesFifthAvenueat82ndStreetHoursOpen7daysaweek.Sunday-Thursday10:00-17:30FridayandSaturday10:00-21:00ClosedThanksgivingDay,December25,January1,andthefirstMondayinMay.Admission$25.00recommendedforadults,$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloisters(回廊）onthesameday;freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.FreewithAdmissionAllspecialexhibitions,aswellasfilms,lectures,guidedtours,concerts,gallerytalks,andfamily/children'sprogramsarefreewithadmission.Askabouttoday'sactivitiesattheGreatHallInformationDesk.TheCloistersMuseumandGardensTheCloistersmuseumandgardensisabranchofTheMetropolitanMuseumofArtdevotedtotheartandarchitectureofEuropeintheMiddleAges.Theextensivecollectionconsistsofmasterworksinsculpture,coloredglass,andpreciousobjectsfromEuropedatingfromaboutthe9thtothe15thcentury.Hours:Open7daysaweek.March-October10:00-17:15November-February10:00-16:45ClosedThanksgivingDay,December25,andJanuary1.56.Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum? A.$12. B.$37. C.$50. D.$6257.TheattractionoftheCloistersmuseumandgardensliesinthefactthat________. A.itopensalltheyearround B.itscollectionsdatefromtheMiddleAges C.ithasamodernEuropean-stylegarden D.itsellsexcellentEuropeanglasscollections【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了英國藝術(shù)博物館和修道院博物館的參觀指南，包括參觀時間、價格、特點等。56.C細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Admission部分和FreewithAdmission部分，依據(jù)“$25.00recommendedforadults”可知，成人25美元每人；依據(jù)“Allspecialexhibitions,aswellasfilms,lectures,guidedtours,concerts,gallerytalks,andfamily/children’sprogramsarefreewithadmission”可知，帶孩子的家庭中孩子免費，故C父母及他們11歲的女兒總計付50美元，故選C項。BInthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted(享有）aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsomme.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze'schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta(意大利面食）whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad:thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces.finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:putonsomeMozart(莫扎特）.Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—"bad"tables,crowding.highprices—don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot"beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad'tables,"giventhatthey'reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet'spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.58.Theunderlinedphrase"nonethewiser"inparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.A.notawareofeatingmorethanusualB.notwillingtosharefoodwithothersC.notconsciousofthefoodqualityD.notfondofthefoodprovided59.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?A.playingclassicalmusic.B.Introducinglemonscent.C.Makingthelightbrighter,D.Usingplatesoflargersize.60.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.C.Waystoimproverestaurants'reputation.D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.【答案】58.A59.A60.D【解析】本文為爭論文。本文介紹了現(xiàn)代餐館刺激消費和食欲的幾種方法，以及人們對餐廳的一些錯誤看法。59.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:putonsomeMozart(莫扎特）可知，要想讓客人呆的時間更長應(yīng)當播放莫扎特等古典音樂而不是流行音樂。Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.引入薰衣草香而不是檸檬香，而D項文章沒有提及，所以用解除方法可以選A。60.主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章最終一段第一句Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—"bad"tables,crowding，highprices—don'tnecessarily.可知，你認為可能會影響人們消費的因素如：不好的桌子，擁擠以及高價等不肯定會真影響人們的消費，然后依次舉例進行了證明，所以本段主要講的是人們對于飯店的幾個誤會，故選D。上面臨的巨大壓力。故B正確。67.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第九段childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinawaythatwas"hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoftheirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves".可知，孩子在網(wǎng)上與其他人比較損害他們的自尊心，自信念以及自我發(fā)展的實力。故B正確。68.推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第12段However,theresearch—involvingeightgroupsof32childrenaged8to12—suggestedthatastheyheadedtowardtheirteens,theybecameincreasinglyanxiousonline.可知，隨著孩子年齡的增長，他們起先渴望上網(wǎng)，再依據(jù)13段Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool—atage11—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuretoensuretheirpostswerepopular,thereportfound.可以推斷出，他們的壓力源于他們渴望自己的發(fā)帖能受歡迎、被認可，由此可見他們渴望得到公眾的認可。故選D。69.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章最終一段It’salsohugelyimportantforparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.可以推斷出,父母須要了解孩子在運用什么apps，所以應(yīng)當時刻跟蹤了解孩子對于社交app的運用。故選C。70.主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章第一段Childrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,amajorstudywarned.可知，本文為新聞報道體，文章主要介紹青少年變得越來越依靠社交媒體。再依據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知文章主要介紹了社交媒體對孩子的影響，故A正確?！咀兪教骄俊?2024·天津，C)Thismonth,Germany'stransportminister,AlexanderDobrindt,proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles(自主駕駛車輛).Theywoulddefinethedriver'sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:thegreyareabetweensemi－autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.Dobrindtwantsthreethings:thatacaralwayschoosesproperty(財產(chǎn))damageoverpersonalinjury;thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace;andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail,say—thecar'smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.“Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving，”saysDobrindt.Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersandlawyers.“Theliability(法律責任)issueisthebiggestoneofthemall，”saysNatashaMeratattheUniversityofLeeds,UK.AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars,introducedearlierthisyear,insiststhatahuman“bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad”ateverymoment.Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’，peopleexpectdriverlesscars，”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”Becauseoftheconfusion,Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithouthumanoperation.Driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown,saysRyanCaloatStanfordUniversity,ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere，”saysCalo.1.Whatdoesthephrase“deathvalley”inParagraph2referto？A．Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B．Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C．Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D．Asituationwheredrivers'roleisnotclear.2.TheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimsto______.A．stoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrulesB．helppromotefullyautomaticdrivingC．protectdriversofallagesandracesD．preventseriouspropertydamage解析：考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第三段提到德國交通部長希望的三件事以及第四段說交通道路法規(guī)中關(guān)于自主駕駛車輛的這種改變將會允許完全自主駕駛的車輛投入運用(permitfullyautomaticdriving)可知，選B。3.Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars？A．Itshouldgettheattentionofinsurancecompanies.B．Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers.C．Itshouldnotcausedeadlytrafficaccidents.D．Itshouldinvolvenohumanresponsibility.解析：考查推理推斷。題干詢問消費者(乘客)對于無人駕駛汽車的看法，在談到誰應(yīng)擔當無人駕駛車輛的責任時，第七段說，當你說無人駕駛車輛的時候，人們以為是沒有司機，從這些信息可以推斷出，消費者在這種狀況下會覺得沒有為無人駕駛車輛的平安問題負責的人，故選D。BManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsformBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質(zhì)),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質(zhì)).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.Whencombinedwithberriesofslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A.Theycontainprotein.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.25.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.B.Tokeeptheircolour.C.Tospeeduptheirripening.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.26.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A.Adessert.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.【答案】24.C25.B26.D27.B【解析】本文是一篇日常生活類說明文。文中講解并描述了人們酷愛水果豐富的7月，這時候各種水果養(yǎng)分豐富且含有對人體有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我們可以利用它做一些孩子喜愛的甜點或冰淇淋。26.詞義揣測題。依據(jù)最終一段中theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow可知，孩子們喜愛把一些水果和冷凍的香蕉放入到這臺機器的上部，然后看到冰激凌從下面出來。故可以推出ajuicer就是一臺機器。故選D。CTeensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren’slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereport’skeyfindings,“theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2—8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建議)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(靠近)ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.28.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?A.Children’sreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildren’sbooks.C.Children’safter-classactivities.D.Parent-childrelationships.29.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports"childrenarereadingalotlessforfun"?A.Inparagraph2.B.Inparagraph3.C.Inparagraph4.D.Inparagraph5.30.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A.E-booksareofpoorquality.B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.Itmayharmchildren’shealth.D.E-readersareexpensive.31.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.B.Askthentowritebookreports.C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.【答案】28.A29.B30.C31.A【解析】據(jù)本周一公布的aCommonSenseMediareport報告顯示，青少年和年幼的孩子們讀書的樂趣大大削減。文中從閱讀的樂趣，閱讀的時間，閱讀方式和父母對孩子閱讀的影響等角度展示了該報告的內(nèi)容。29.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.可知，很少為樂趣而閱讀的人的比例已經(jīng)分別從1984年的13歲的8%和17歲的9%上升到現(xiàn)在的22%和27%。也就是說，為樂趣而讀書的人越來越少了。故選B。30.推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最終一句manyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime可知，很多家長仍舊限制電子閱讀，主要是由于擔憂看一些電子屏幕的時間越來越多，也即是擔憂會損害孩子們的健康。故選C。31.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.可知，有明顯的證據(jù)表明，父母為孩子們做榜樣并為孩子們作重要指導能培育孩子的閱讀習慣。也即是說，父母可以通過給孩子們作榜樣來激勵孩子們閱讀的。故選A。DWe’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(潤滑劑)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.＂Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,＂heexplains.＂Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.＂Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互動)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.＂It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,＂saysDunn.＂Butinteractionswithperipheral(邊緣的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.＂Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.＂Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,＂hesays.32.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A.Addictiontosmartphones.B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D.Impatiencewithslowservice.33.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A.Showinggoodmanners.B.Relatingtootherpeople.C.Focusingonatopic.D.Makingbusinessdeals.34.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.B.Itraisespeople’sconfidence.C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ConversationCountsB.WaysofMakingSmallTalkC.BenefitsofSmallTalkD.UncomfortableSilence【答案】32.C33.B34.D35.C【解析】這是一篇爭論文。在當今社會，人們在公共場合或沉迷于智能手機，或與不舒適的緘默抗爭，生疏人之間缺乏溝通。但人與人之間是須要適當?shù)慕徽勯e聊的，閑聊是人際關(guān)系社會交往必不行少的部分，而且也有很多好處。33.推理推斷題。題干問得是對于Carducci來說，勝利的閑聊中重要的是什么。依據(jù)第三段最終一句“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem”（勝利閑聊的關(guān)鍵是學習如何與他們溝通，而不僅僅是與他們溝通。）由此推斷C符合題意。A項意為：表現(xiàn)出良好的禮貌。B項意為：與他人有關(guān)的。C項意為：專注于一個話題。D項意為：做商業(yè)交易。故選B項。34.推理推斷題。題干問的是：咖啡店的探討對閑聊有什么建議。依據(jù)第四段的調(diào)查結(jié)果可知，那些與服務(wù)員閑聊的人，有顯著的主動心情和更好的咖啡店體驗。由此可知，D項符合題意。A項意為：閑聊改善了家庭關(guān)系。B項意為：閑聊提高了人們的信念。C項意為：閑聊和正式談話一樣重要。D項意為：閑聊讓人感覺很好。故選D項。35.主旨大意題。整篇文章剛起先介紹了社會的現(xiàn)象（公共場合人們沉迷于智能手機，生疏人之間缺乏溝通溝通），接著分析了這一問題的緣由，接下來有專家對閑聊進行了探討，最終得出結(jié)論，閑聊都有什么樣的好處。A項意為：談話很重要。B項意為：閑聊的方法。C項意為：閑聊的好處。D項意為：不舒適的緘默。故選C項?！咀兪教骄俊?2024·全國Ⅱ，A)Inthecomingmonths,wearebringingtogetherartistsfromallovertheglobe,toenjoyspeakingShakespeare'splaysintheirownlanguage,inourGlobe,withinthearchitectureShakespearewrotefor.Pleasecomeandjoinus.NationalTheatreofChinaBeijing|ChineseThisgreatoccasion(盛會)willbetheNationalTheatreofChina'sfirstvisittotheUK.Thecompany'sproductionsshowthenewfaceof21stcenturyChinesetheatre.ThisproductionofShakespeare'sRichardⅢwillbedirectedbytheNational'sAssociateDirector,WangXiaoying.Date&Time：Saturday28April,2.30pm&Sunday29April,1.30pm&6.30pmMarjanishviliTheatreTbilisi|GeorgianOneofthemostfamoustheatresinGeorgia,theMarjanishvili,foundedin1928,appearsregularlyattheatrefestivalsallovertheworld.ThisnewproductionofAsYouLikeItishelmed(指導)bythecompany'sArtisticDirectorLevanTsuladze.Date&Time：Friday18May,2.30pm&Saturday19May,7.30pmDeafinitelyTheatreLondonIBritishSignLanguage(BSL)BytranslatingtherichandhumouroustextofLove'sLabour'sLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL,DeafinitelyTheatrecreatesanewinterpretationofShakespeare'scomedyandaimstobuildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingtobothgroupsasoneaudience.Date&Time:Tuesday22May,2.30pm&Wednesday23May,7.30pmHabimaNationalTheatreTelAviv|HebrewTheHabimaisthecentreofHebrew－languagetheatreworldwide.FoundedinMoscowafterthe1905revolution,thecompanyeventuallysettledinTelAvivinthelate1920s.Since1958,theyhavebeenrecognisedasthenationaltheatreofIsrael.ThisproductionofShakespeare'sTheMerchantofVenicemarkstheirfirstvisittotheUK.Date&Time：Monday28May,7.30pm&Tuesday29May,7.30pm文章大意：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了全球的藝術(shù)家將聚集到一起用他們自己的語言表演莎士比亞的戲劇的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。1.WhichplaywillbeperformedbytheNationalTheatreofChina？A．RichardⅢ. B．Love'sLabour'sLost.C．AsYouLikeIt. D．TheMerchantofVenice.答案：A解析：考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)題干中的“theNationalTheatreofChina”可將答案定位于NationalTheatreofChina部分中的“Shakespeare'sRichardⅢ”，故選A項。2.WhatisspecialaboutDeafinitelyTheatre？________A．Ithastwogroupsofactors.B．ItistheleadingtheatreinLondon.C．ItperformsplaysinBSL.D．Itisgoodatproducingcomedies.答案：C3.WhencanyouseeaplayinHebrew？________A．OnSaturday28April. B．OnSunday29April.C．OnTuesday22May. D．OnTuesday29May.答案：D解析：考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)題干中的“Hebrew”可將該題答案定位在最終一部分中。依據(jù)最終一部分中的“Date&Time：Monday28May,7.30pm&Tuesday29May,7.30pm”可知，故選D項?！咀兪教骄俊?2024·全國Ⅰ，B)IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustIgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(貓頭鷹)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2－to3－week－oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.Iexaminedthechick(雛鳥)anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults；theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall—LUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.文章大意：這是一篇記敘文，講解并描述了作者作為一個野生動物救助和教化機構(gòu)的志愿者，勝利救助一只貓頭鷹雛鳥的經(jīng)驗。4.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor'srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1？________A．Effortsmadeinvain.B．Gettinginjuredinhiswork.C．Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.D．Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.答案：A5.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown？________A．Torescueawoman.B．Totakecareofawoman.C．Tolookatababyowl.D．Tocureayoungowl.答案：C解析：考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)其次段的“IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(貓頭鷹)ontheground”可知，這位女士給作者打電話是為了讓他來看一看一只貓頭鷹雛鳥。故選C。6.Whatmadethechickcalmdown？________A．Anewnest. B．Somefood.C．Arecording. D．Itsparents.答案：A解析：考查細微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第四段的“Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable...itquicklycalmeddown”可知，作者做的鳥巢特別舒適，所以把這只貓頭鷹雛鳥放進去后，它很快寧靜下來。故選A。14.Whydoteenagersgoto