專題05-高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解七選五專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

優(yōu)點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)高考英語(yǔ)七選五解題技巧TOC\o"1-4"\h\uPart1、萬(wàn)能法：李宇春原則 1Part2、位置解題法 21、第一段（總說(shuō)） 22.小標(biāo)題 33、段首題 54、段中題 75、段尾題 7Part3、敏感詞解題法 81.代詞 82.冠詞 93.連詞 10Part4、綜合：兩步法解題 10第一步：看位置?定類型 10第二步：由類型?定技法 131.主旨概括題 132.語(yǔ)段過(guò)渡題 133.細(xì)節(jié)線索題 141．詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法 142．詞匯同現(xiàn)法 153．代詞線索法 154．邏輯關(guān)系線索法 16Part4高考真題演練和答案解析 172021年6月新高考1卷 172021年6月全國(guó)甲卷 182021年6月全國(guó)乙卷 192021年6月浙江卷 20答案解析 21Part1、萬(wàn)能法：李宇春原則【原理】概念限定原則：中間句出現(xiàn)的概念，會(huì)被上下句限定?！九e例】男人帥，，李宇春帥。中間填什么句子？①李宇春是男人。②女人也帥。③不但男人帥，女人帥。分析：根據(jù)概念限定原則，中間句會(huì)出現(xiàn)“男人，帥，李宇春”等相同或相關(guān)的詞。必須要承上啟下，老人也帥，這個(gè)答案就是錯(cuò)的?！袄先恕笔切滦畔?。除非李宇春是個(gè)老人?！咀⒁狻咳f(wàn)能法沒(méi)有要求前后一定同時(shí)呼應(yīng)。2018全國(guó)3卷"Iadoredancing,"saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudioinIowa."Ican'timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife."Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages."Teachingdanceiswonderful.

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It'sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,it'sawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife."D.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.'【解析】上一句提到舞蹈教學(xué)，下一句又緊接著It'sgreattowatchthem.可推知空格處應(yīng)與教學(xué)活動(dòng)有關(guān)。student與上句的teach呼應(yīng)，且Myolderstudents與下一句的them與相呼應(yīng)。故選D。Part2、位置解題法1、第一段（總說(shuō)）段落功能：總說(shuō)，引出話題。（引發(fā)思考，或需要解決的現(xiàn)象或問(wèn)題是什么）段前、段中的設(shè)空①詞句特征：可能存在固定呼應(yīng)：maythinkHowever；可能會(huì)有問(wèn)句，或challenge/difficulty/problem等字眼。②解題方法：方法1：直接解題（看特征）2014北京卷方法2：萬(wàn)能法段尾設(shè)空①詞句特征：可能會(huì)有承上啟下的表達(dá)，如“這是一系列問(wèn)題”，“下面是一系列的方法（建議）”hereare，thereare；后面可能有tips，points，steps，suggestions,ways，approach，howtodo；takealook/listen等字眼。②解題方法：方法1：直接法看特征，直接選答案（2016年浙江卷，2018全國(guó)二卷）方法2：萬(wàn)能方法方法3：排除法+總結(jié)。如果這兩種方法都不能解答出來(lái)，需要暫時(shí)放一下，做其他題目，最后總結(jié)（原因：可以用排除法；本句可能是承上啟下，看完文章的題目，理解主旨后解題）2014新課標(biāo)一Thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented.

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Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds.A.Encouragekidstocookwithyou.B.Andwecan'tforgetscienceeducation.C.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.D.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon'tyetexist?【解析】空格后的句子表達(dá)"通過(guò)幫助他們發(fā)展一些經(jīng)典的技能，從而使他們無(wú)論未來(lái)如何改變都能夠自立于這個(gè)世界"，據(jù)此推斷空格處應(yīng)該表示"怎樣能夠讓他們?cè)谖磥?lái)存活下去"或類似的意思，只有D項(xiàng)符合，故正確答案為D。2018浙江卷（6月）Movingintoanewhomeinanewneighborhoodisanexcitingexperience.Ofcourse,youwanttomakesurethatyoubecomeanacceptedandvaluablepartofyournewneighborhood.Theeasiestwaytoaccomplishthisistomakesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould.

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G.Hereareafewtipstohelpyouwinovereveryoneintheneighborhoodquickly【解析】作者提到人們搬到新社區(qū)，都希望被鄰居們接受。那么，就需要注意自己的行為舉止，成為別人眼里的好鄰居。而下面幾段就這一點(diǎn)提了一些建議，所以此處需要一個(gè)概括下文的句子，即選項(xiàng)G。2.小標(biāo)題方法1：觀察對(duì)比法①說(shuō)明：此方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)“快”。缺點(diǎn)是“正確率能達(dá)到90%”。①操作：a觀察特點(diǎn)：觀察其它小標(biāo)題，找句式特點(diǎn)。往往比較短，往往是祈使句。b確定選項(xiàng)并對(duì)比：在七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，找到這種特點(diǎn)的句子（一般比較短，又是祈使句的，一般2-3句。）觀察比較這幾個(gè)句子，劃出它們的差別詞。c確定答案：接著看小標(biāo)題下面段落中出現(xiàn)了哪個(gè)詞，就選了哪一選項(xiàng)。方法2：總結(jié)法（普通版）①操作：讀懂小標(biāo)題下段落的內(nèi)容，自己總結(jié)。②解題原理：小標(biāo)題的本質(zhì)=下面段落的中心。（優(yōu)點(diǎn)：正確率能達(dá)到100%。缺點(diǎn)：有可能讀不懂）方法3：總結(jié)法（升級(jí)版）①操作：讀本段落尾句②說(shuō)明：此方法為方法1的升級(jí)版，適用段落較長(zhǎng)，沒(méi)時(shí)間讀或很難讀懂。③解題原理：尾句一般要點(diǎn)明此段中心，尾句前如果有however/but等轉(zhuǎn)折詞，尾句一定與小標(biāo)題呼應(yīng)?！菊f(shuō)明】總結(jié)法其實(shí)是需要跟“觀察對(duì)比法”的前兩步結(jié)合起來(lái)用的?；蛘邠Q句話說(shuō)，總結(jié)法，是對(duì)“觀察法”最后一步的優(yōu)化。2016全國(guó)2卷●

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Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers（肥料）.

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.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.●Recall（回憶）yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma'srosegardenandDad'svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat'snotwhat'simportantA.KnowwhyyougardenB.FindagoodplaceforyourowngardenC.It’sourexperienceofthegardenthatmatters【解析】根據(jù)本段前兩句可知不同的做園藝有不同的原因，再倒數(shù)第二句“然而，有很多能夠解釋你為什么想做園藝的原因”可知我們首先要搞清楚為什么要做園藝。故A項(xiàng)正確。3、段首題總原則：總結(jié)法+萬(wàn)能法情況一：以下情況段首題100%優(yōu)先使用“總結(jié)法”看到橫線后的句子，出現(xiàn)forexample之類的詞語(yǔ)，或者連續(xù)出現(xiàn)if或when的狀語(yǔ)從句。觀察對(duì)比:其他段落的段首句，是有規(guī)律的段落中心句，比如是祈使句或問(wèn)句。②如果是，用總結(jié)法（段落較長(zhǎng)，就用總結(jié)法的升級(jí)版，看最后一句，然后用萬(wàn)能法檢驗(yàn)）。如果不是段落中心句，用萬(wàn)能法。情況二：以下情況100%優(yōu)先使用“萬(wàn)能法”

在橫線后的句子中出現(xiàn)代詞this,it,them，these等代詞。（三）第三種情況：萬(wàn)能方法如果此段沒(méi)有小標(biāo)題，且判斷要填的不是段落中心句，就用萬(wàn)能法。（萬(wàn)能法并不是段首題的首選）【說(shuō)明】解題思路：優(yōu)先用總結(jié)法，以及總結(jié)法的升級(jí)版，其次用萬(wàn)能法。段首題的后一句，如果出現(xiàn)forexample,forinstance等，那么該句一定是段落中心句，就用總結(jié)法。如果不能馬上判斷是否是段落中心句，就按段落中心句去預(yù)估做題。2014全國(guó)二卷TipsforCookingonaTightScheduleFrommyexperience,therearethreemainreasonswhypeopledon’tcookmoreoften:ability,money,andtime36.MoneyisatopicI’llsaveforanotherday.SotodayIwanttogiveyousomewisdomabouthowtomakethemostofthetimeyouspentinthekitchen.Herearethreetipsforgreatcookingonatightschedule:Thinkahead.ThemomentswhenIthinkcookingisapainarewhenI’malreadyhungryandthere’snothingreadytoeat.Sothinkaheadofthecomingweek.Whenwillyouhavetimetocook?Doyouhavetherightmaterialsalready?37.Makeyourtimeworthit.Whenyoudofindtimetocookameal,makethemostofitandsaveyourselftimelateron.Areyoumakingoneloafofbread?38.Ittakesaroundthesameamountoftimetomakemoreofsomething.Sosaveyourselftheeffortforfuturemeal.39Thismaysurpriseyou,butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.Itgivesyouthechancetohituponnewideasandrecipesthatcanworkwellwithyourappetiteandschedule.Themoreyoulearnandthemoreyoutry,themoreabilityyouhavetotakecontrolofyourfoodandyourschedule.A.Trynewthings.B.Abilityiseasilyimproved.C.Makethreeorfourinstead.D.Understandyourfoodbetter.E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.2017全國(guó)一卷

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Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.E．I

must

say

that

I

have

certainly

come

to

enjoy

camping.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.【解析】F

由第三段第一句goingonanotherfun-filledholiday可知，"我"對(duì)這次旅行非常滿意，而由下文Wehavedonealotofitsince可知，"我們"都愛(ài)上了野營(yíng)．F項(xiàng)意為"從這里旅行后，我全家都對(duì)野營(yíng)產(chǎn)生了巨大的興趣"，承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境．故正確答案為F．2020浙江卷（1月）（段首不是中心句）

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Onthisdayeveryyear,countriesaroundtheworldholdeventstoeducatepeopleabouttheproblemsofdirtywaterandthatcleanwaterissomethingthateveryoneshouldhavearoundtheworld.AtoneschoolintheUK,childrenbetweentheagesof10and15walk6kmwithsixlitresofwater.

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Peoplegivethemmoneytodothisandallthemoneyhelpsgetcleanwatertoasmanypeopleaspossiblearoundtheworld.F.In1993theUnitedNationsdecidedthatMarch22ndistheWorldDayforWater.4、段中題方法1：中心句呼應(yīng)法【操作】出現(xiàn)了此段小標(biāo)題或者段落中心句的關(guān)鍵詞，直接選答案，再帶入上下文檢查。【原理】它是證明中心的關(guān)鍵句，一定會(huì)出現(xiàn)小標(biāo)題（或段落中心句）中核心詞的原詞或同義詞。方法2：萬(wàn)能法【原理】此句可能是過(guò)渡句，沒(méi)有明顯特點(diǎn)【說(shuō)明】①在解此類題時(shí)，我們不太可能提前預(yù)知此句：是關(guān)鍵句，還是過(guò)渡句。所以，我們采用的技巧是：先用萬(wàn)能法選出答案，然后用中心句呼應(yīng)法做檢驗(yàn)。檢驗(yàn)成功，說(shuō)明答案更加的確定。②如果用中心句呼應(yīng)法驗(yàn)證失敗，并不意味著答案一定是錯(cuò)的。5、段尾題方法1：中心句呼應(yīng)法（如果but/however后面，一定是這段的中心，證明小標(biāo)題）所以一定要看小標(biāo)題，翻譯。原理：越靠近最后一句，越會(huì)證明此段中心（即作者的真實(shí)觀點(diǎn)）方法2：萬(wàn)能法說(shuō)明：①一般優(yōu)先用方法1，如果不行，就選用萬(wàn)能方法。②段尾排除：一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)句(沒(méi)有展開論述的空間了)2017全國(guó)三卷●Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou'retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.

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F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.【解析】由本段首句可知本段主題是“在周末要堅(jiān)持（執(zhí)行）你的睡覺(jué)和起床時(shí)間表”，與此主題符合的只有F項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)持你設(shè)定的就寢和起床時(shí)間，不管是哪天”。本設(shè)空類型屬于段落總結(jié)類。Part3、敏感詞解題法敏感詞思維：通過(guò)敏感詞找到句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系（即呼應(yīng)關(guān)系），找到解題的線索。敏感詞解題模型。敏感詞可以出現(xiàn)在B句中，也可以出現(xiàn)在C句中。1.代詞原理：代詞是代替名詞的詞。代詞所指代的名詞，必須出現(xiàn)在這句話的前半句，或上一句話。操作：看是否一致：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)是否一致；人稱是否一致常見(jiàn)代詞：指示代詞this/that/these/thoseitthey等舉例：我在景區(qū)遇到了一群游客。他們來(lái)自美國(guó)。

【注意】①代詞不能呼應(yīng)，90%以上不對(duì)；代詞能呼應(yīng)，不一定是正確選項(xiàng)。②狀語(yǔ)從句中的代詞指代現(xiàn)象：Whenhewastakentohospital,Tomcried.（此句中的he不需要往前句找）③注意下列中的it不作為解題敏感詞：形式主語(yǔ)，形式賓語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的it，可以忽略④one也是可以做代詞。（2013全國(guó)12017全國(guó)3）⑤they與we有時(shí)候是可以呼應(yīng)的，we=they+I（作者）2017全國(guó)1卷37題2018全國(guó)3卷38題⑥段落首句出題，帶入的句子出現(xiàn)代詞一定要優(yōu)先警惕，很多時(shí)候可以排除。2015北京卷Daydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant,especiallywhenthismakesthemforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunwareofwhat'shappeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy.

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Theyannoyusbecausetheyseemtobeignoringusandmissingtheimportantthings.A.Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.B.Theystareoffintospaceandwanderbythemselves.C.Withoutwanderingminds,wewouldn’thaverelatively,CokeorPost-itnotes.【解析】第一段說(shuō)的是大眾印象中的白日做夢(mèng)有哪些弊端，選項(xiàng)在文章前后句中起到段內(nèi)邏輯連接的作用。2017全國(guó)3卷Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorningandputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwake-upliesinrestingyourbodyclock.

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Hereishowtomakeone.A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.【詳解】空前提到要調(diào)整身體的生物鐘，那么如何調(diào)整呢？空后的"Here'showtomakeone."中one又指什么呢？瀏覽各選項(xiàng)，只有C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)更好的睡眠計(jì)劃會(huì)有所幫助”符合上下文語(yǔ)境。本設(shè)空類型屬于過(guò)渡句類。2013年新課標(biāo)二Ifyoufindapublicspeakingcoursethatlooksasthoughit'sgoingtogiveyoulotsofdosanddon'ts,walkaway!Yourbrainissofullofwhatyou'regoingtobetalkingabout.54.Asfaraswe'reconcerned,therearebasicallynohardandfastrulesaboutpublicspeaking.Youraudiencecanbeyourfriends.G.Sotryingtoforceawholesetofrulesintoitwilljustmakethingsworse冠詞第一次出現(xiàn)用a/an，第二次出現(xiàn)用The如果選項(xiàng)的句子中，出現(xiàn)：the+n.上一句話必須有相應(yīng)的名詞。舉例：樹上有一個(gè)蘋果。這個(gè)蘋果又大又紅。2017年全國(guó)二卷

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Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,amodernkitchenwitharefrigerator.Thetrailerevenhasmatchingcarpetandcurtains.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.【解析】通過(guò)“the”，可知上文一定經(jīng)歷過(guò)一次trip。連詞句首如果有連詞，用連詞分析法，上一句有什么。練習(xí)：這里有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)：“但是，馬老師不養(yǎng)寵物”。前一句的共性是，一定是有名詞出現(xiàn)，可能是馬老師，也可能是寵物。比如：李老師養(yǎng)寵物，或者馬老師養(yǎng)花草。連詞的本質(zhì)是看：重復(fù)的名詞。2016年北京Sometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.

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Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.【解析】根據(jù)上句中…whenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking…，同時(shí)結(jié)合選項(xiàng)F中…thesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards可知。Part4、綜合：兩步法解題第一步：看位置?定類型句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命題人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三種挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，來(lái)考查考生的邏輯思維能力。段首、段中、段尾題在文中所起的作用可歸納為下表：挖空位置邏輯關(guān)系具體解讀段首題主旨句常以段落小標(biāo)題或主題句的形式出現(xiàn)。承上啟下句此空處的答案能夠?qū)⑸隙魏拖露蔚膬?nèi)容連貫起來(lái)。段中題例證關(guān)系前后的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式具有多樣性，思維過(guò)程基本是歸納(從例子到觀點(diǎn))和推理(從觀點(diǎn)到例子)。常見(jiàn)的表示例證關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系若空格前后兩句之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很有可能表示轉(zhuǎn)折。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有：but,however,yet,while/though/although,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless(然而),still,incontrast/comparison,bycomparison等。因果關(guān)系表示因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有：so,therefore,thus,consequently(結(jié)果),asaresult(of),so/such...that...,sothat...等。遞進(jìn)關(guān)系若空格前后兩句之間是邏輯上的層進(jìn)關(guān)系，則空格處很有可能是個(gè)表示遞進(jìn)的句子。表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,likewise,similarly,what'smore,what'sworse,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but...,notonly...butalso等。并列關(guān)系表示并列關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞語(yǔ)有：and,first(ly),second(ly);first,then/next;tobeginwith,some...others...;foronething,foranotherthing;then/next,finally/last等。段尾題總結(jié)句用于總結(jié)本段內(nèi)容，常含有總結(jié)性的詞語(yǔ)。承上啟下句此空處的答案能夠?qū)⑸隙魏拖露蔚膬?nèi)容連貫起來(lái)。例子1…●__40__Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfood?Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices.…A．Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B．Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C．Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D．Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E．Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4－10hoursafterexercise.F．Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G．Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup![分析]設(shè)空處位于段首，應(yīng)是該段落的小標(biāo)題。該段的主要內(nèi)容是“如果晨練，你就更有可能會(huì)堅(jiān)持一整天吃健康的食物”，故該段的主旨是“堅(jiān)持健康飲食”；再結(jié)合本段中的“healthyfood”“junkfood”與A項(xiàng)中的diet相關(guān)，故選A。例子2…●Yourmetabolism(新陳代謝)getsaheadstart.__38__Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.…A．Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B．Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C．Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D．Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E．Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4－10hoursafterexercise.F．Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G．Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup![分析]設(shè)空處位于段中，屬于段中題。這一段說(shuō)的是晨練有助于人體的新陳代謝，能讓你一整天都感受到晨練消耗卡路里帶來(lái)的好處。F項(xiàng)“晨練之后你還會(huì)在一天時(shí)間里繼續(xù)消耗卡路里”中的關(guān)鍵詞“throughouttheday”與文中的“thewholeday”呼應(yīng)。故選F。例子3…Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.__40__.A．WhileallofthemareusefulB．Whateveryou'relookingforC．Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD．Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithE．It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF．Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG．Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways[分析]該空位于段尾，應(yīng)屬于總結(jié)句。根據(jù)空前的“thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant”可知，大型物品的顏色選擇所需要的時(shí)間、精力、費(fèi)用很大，這恰與F項(xiàng)構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。第二步：由類型?定技法1.主旨概括題主旨概括題主要考查考生對(duì)文章或段落進(jìn)行概括的能力，它要求考生在閱讀文章時(shí)，能夠提煉其中心思想，體會(huì)作者的寫作意圖，充分運(yùn)用概括能力提取文章的主題、觀點(diǎn)以及作者的情感態(tài)度。這類題常以考查段落標(biāo)題為主，設(shè)題位置一般在段首，有時(shí)總結(jié)性的語(yǔ)句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段中或段尾。這類題有時(shí)也會(huì)考查整篇文章的主旨大意，即文章的主題句，一般會(huì)在首段設(shè)空。概括起來(lái)講，命題人通常從兩個(gè)方面設(shè)題：①概括文章或段落的主題句或結(jié)論性語(yǔ)句；②段落標(biāo)題。解答主旨概括題通常采用瀏覽的方式，即重點(diǎn)搜索本段的主題線索詞并快速理清主旨大意，然后瀏覽選項(xiàng)，準(zhǔn)確判定出與主旨大意匹配的選項(xiàng)。例子3●__39__Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.A．Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B．Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C．Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D．Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E．Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4－10hoursafterexercise.F．Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G．Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup![分析]設(shè)空位于段首，應(yīng)為本段主題句。主題句一般是對(duì)上文或下文內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，快速瀏覽本段，本段提到sleptbetter,difficulttorelax,apeacefulsleep，依據(jù)這些關(guān)鍵詞匯可概括本段說(shuō)的是晨練比晚上鍛煉更能改善睡眠，因此選B。2.語(yǔ)段過(guò)渡題語(yǔ)段過(guò)渡題所涉及的句子是過(guò)渡句，具有承上啟下的作用，該題型主要考查考生對(duì)篇章的理解能力和對(duì)上下文之間邏輯關(guān)系的分析能力。其設(shè)空位置比較靈活，可位于段尾、段首或段中。解這類題通常可采用位置判斷法。如果設(shè)空位于段首，要前瞻后望找提示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與之銜接，并結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容，看所選的答案是否能將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來(lái)。如果設(shè)空位于段中，重點(diǎn)閱讀該空的前一句和后一句，找出它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系或根據(jù)意義的連貫性得出答案；如果還沒(méi)有把握，再分析該段的中心句。如果設(shè)空位于段尾，在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)時(shí)，可考慮與下一段開頭之間的銜接。仔細(xì)閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否能與所選選項(xiàng)緊密連接起來(lái)。例子4Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.__39__.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.A．WhileallofthemareusefulB．Whateveryou'relookingforC．Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD．Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithE．It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF．Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG．Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways[分析]設(shè)空處在段中，所填句子應(yīng)是過(guò)渡句。該空前一句主要內(nèi)容是“mediumcolorchoices”，是G項(xiàng)中“smallones”的升級(jí)。該空后一句介紹了兩種方式的顏色選擇，與G項(xiàng)中的“twomajorways”相呼應(yīng)，故選G。3.細(xì)節(jié)線索題細(xì)節(jié)線索類的試題要求考生更加注重文章中的細(xì)節(jié)，比如某個(gè)關(guān)鍵的單詞或數(shù)字等。解答這類試題經(jīng)常用到的方法有：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法、詞匯同現(xiàn)法、代詞線索法、邏輯關(guān)系線索法等。1．詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法復(fù)現(xiàn)法是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫作手段，即在文章中不同的位置對(duì)同一個(gè)概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述，從而使得同樣的意思在文章中不同的地方重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。復(fù)現(xiàn)的形式主要包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同(近)義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等?？忌衫梦恼碌倪@一特點(diǎn)，在解題時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的與正文意思相同、相近或相反的詞。例子5__38__.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.A．WhileallofthemareusefulB．Whateveryou'relookingforC．Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD．Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithE．It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF．Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG．Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways[分析]解此題可運(yùn)用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法，該空所在段最后一句中的“smallcolorchoices”是D項(xiàng)“Smallcolorchoices”的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選D。2．詞匯同現(xiàn)法詞匯同現(xiàn)是指屬于同一詞匯范疇或者某一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，達(dá)到語(yǔ)意銜接的目的。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，上下文中詞匯的范疇越小，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。例子6Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.__38__Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.A．Thistimetherewasnotent.B．Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C．Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D．Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E．ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F．Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G．Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.[分析]解此題可運(yùn)用詞匯同現(xiàn)法。該空前面的部分說(shuō)明了作者被說(shuō)服參加另一次野營(yíng)活動(dòng)，而空后則說(shuō)這次野營(yíng)活動(dòng)有舒服的床和空調(diào)，因此空處的論述應(yīng)該是在“住宿”這一范疇內(nèi)，幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)合適。3．代詞線索法英語(yǔ)文章中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞一般用來(lái)指代前面提及的名詞，考生如果能巧妙地利用這樣的指代關(guān)系或根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)就可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。例子7Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.__37__，theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.A．WhileallofthemareusefulB．Whateveryou'relookingforC．Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD．Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithE．It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF．Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG．Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways[分析]解此題可運(yùn)用代詞線索法?？崭窈蟮膖hey指代上文中的techniques，且與A項(xiàng)中的allofthem相呼應(yīng)，代入A項(xiàng)“盡管它們都很有用”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。4．邏輯關(guān)系線索法一篇文章往往是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體，各部分之間存在著一定的聯(lián)系。從邏輯意義上來(lái)看，句子與句子之間常常有并列、順承、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、總分、解釋、因果、過(guò)渡、例證等關(guān)系，有時(shí)甚至包含不止一種這樣的關(guān)系。因此，理解閱讀材料時(shí)一定要把握文章脈絡(luò)，弄清其中的邏輯關(guān)系。如果文中或選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了邏輯關(guān)系詞，考生就可以利用其來(lái)進(jìn)行推理判斷；如果文中或選項(xiàng)中未出現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系詞，這就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境弄清文章內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系，作出正確的判斷。例子8IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.__36__Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer...Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewildernessWehavedonealotofitsince...__40(E)__Itmustbetruethatsoonerorlater,everyonefindshisorherwaybacktonature.Irecommendthatyoufindyourwayinstyle.A．Thistimetherewasnotent.B．Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C．Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D．Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E．ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F．Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G．Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.[分析]解此題可運(yùn)用邏輯關(guān)系線索法。首句“如果三年前有人告訴我我會(huì)花大部分的周末時(shí)間去野營(yíng)，我將會(huì)開懷大笑”使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，預(yù)示了后面的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。接著講述了作者過(guò)去對(duì)野營(yíng)的看法。由下文可知作者起初和后來(lái)對(duì)野營(yíng)的態(tài)度不一樣。D項(xiàng)表示“但是，從那時(shí)起我就學(xué)習(xí)了很多關(guān)于野營(yíng)的知識(shí)”，however與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此是最佳選項(xiàng)。此題的關(guān)鍵是however這個(gè)邏輯關(guān)系詞，承上啟下，為下文內(nèi)容作鋪墊。例子9...●Recall(回憶)yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma'srosegardenandDad'svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat'snotwhat'simportant.__39__—howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou'dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.40(G).Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.A．KnowwhyyougardenB．FindagoodplaceforyourowngardenC．It'sourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersD．It'sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowersE．StillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplantsF．Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden,tooG．Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave[分析]解此題可運(yùn)用邏輯關(guān)系線索法。空格前說(shuō)“但那不是重要的事情”，由此可推測(cè)空格處會(huì)指出什么才是重要的，前后為順承邏輯關(guān)系，C項(xiàng)“我們做園藝工作的體驗(yàn)才是重要的”符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。例子10...Unfortunately,we'veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe'vebeenstolenfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan'ttrustanymore.__37__It'sunderstandable,butifyou'rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthereA．Learntoreallytrustyourself.B．Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C．Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D．Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.E．They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan'tbeartoletithappenagain.F．Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.G．Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn'tmeanyou'reignoringwhathappened.[分析]此題從行文邏輯上判斷屬因果關(guān)系。上句意為“有時(shí)候，人們簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)法再信任(別人)了”，而本句應(yīng)是解釋人們無(wú)法信任別人的原因。故E項(xiàng)符合題意。Part4高考真題演練和答案解析2021年6月新高考1卷MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.

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Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.Theplacewasn'tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing（水管）worked.

2

Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,"Ouverturedesportes,

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inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit'sashameldon'thavemuchuseforit.Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.

3

Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.

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OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost＄18!InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency（效率）.Youcantellthisbycafélife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.

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Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously—soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.2021年6月全國(guó)甲卷Youkeephearingaboutrecycling,right?Butitdoesn'tendwithbottles,cans,andpaper.Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources（資源）tomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing(orthrowingoutoldclothing)isnothealthyfortheenvironment.Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?

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.It'sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfunishad.It'sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.?Invite5-10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.

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,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.?

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.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir"new"clotheshome.?Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.

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.Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrulesoftheswapshouldbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytakethem—thingsalwayslookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.?Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay"go,"orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever.

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.Anddon'tforgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it'saparty!A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.IftwopeoplearecompetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition2021年6月全國(guó)乙卷AccordingtoJessicaHagy,authorof

HowtoBeInteresting,it'snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.

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,ifyou'reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou'rewanderingintosomebody'shouseforthefirsttime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan"Whatdoyoudoforaliving?",you'llbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou'retalkingto.

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,itcanbringin"Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle"or"Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback."Itjustopensupconversation.

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?Ifyoucan'ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox（講臺(tái)）.Ifyou'rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.

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.Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou'refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment（贊揚(yáng)）.

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.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,"Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit."Sobeinginterestingatadinnerpartyisn'tthathard.A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion"Howdidyougethere?"D.Bepreparedtohaveaw