主語從句和表語從句課件

1、Noun Clause名詞性從句,名詞性從句包括主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。它的功能相當(dāng)于名詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞歸納起來可分為以下三類。,Grammar,What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? A tree has fallen across the road. You are a student. To find your way can be a problem. Smoking is bad for you.,“How do you do?” is a greeting. What s

2、he said is not yet known. That we shall be late is certain. It is certain that we shall be late.,Make sentences,Its certain that we will be late.,That well be late is certain.,We dont know whether he is coming or not,Whether he is coming is not known.,We dont know what he wants to tell us.,What he w

3、ants to tell us is not known.,When you will come back doesnt matter.,It doesnt matter when you will come back.,主語從句（Noun Clauses as the Subject）,定義： 用作主語的從句叫主語從句，它是名詞性從句之一。引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞有：連詞that, whether；連接代詞who, what，which與ever；連接副詞when, where, how和why。,主語從句： 做主語用的名詞性從句，因其在復(fù)合句中做主語，又稱主語從句，引導(dǎo)主語從句的有連詞that

4、 ，whether， 連接代詞who ，what ，which， 連接副詞when，where， how， why等。,1.連接詞：,1）從屬連詞：that， whether等. that 引導(dǎo)主語從句只起引導(dǎo)作用，本身無實際意義，在主語從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。,That she left him cut him to the heart. That he will come is certain.,2)連接代詞who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever,What seems easy to some people seems dif

5、ficult to others. Which side will win is not clear.,由whether及其他連詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首，句后都可。,Whether it will please them is not easy to say.,3)連接副詞when，where， how， why等。,Why he did it remains a mystery. When they will start is not known yet. How he became a great scientist is known to us all.,2.位置： 主語從句可以前置，也

6、可以后置。用it做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末，常用下面幾種句型。,1）It + be + 表語 +主語從句 表語：（名詞， 形容詞，過去分詞）,It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not. It is an honour that I was invited to attend the meeting.,It is a fact (a shame, a pity, good news) that,It is certain that she will do well in her exam. It is true that I tol

7、d her everything.,It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. It is reported that China has sent another manmade earth satellite into orbit.,2）It+不及物動詞+主語從句 It seemed (happened, doesnt matter, has turned out) that,It happens that they were absent. It seems that Alice is not coming to the party

8、 at all.,It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.,3) It +及物動詞（被動語態(tài)）+主語從句,It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.,注意:,1）主語從句在句首時，必須由連接詞引導(dǎo)，不能省略這些連接詞；但是如果用it做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，從屬連詞that可以省略。,誤：They should like each ot

9、her is natural. 正：That they should like each other is natural. 正：It is natural that they should like each other.,2)如果主語從句放在句首，不能用if引導(dǎo)，但是如果用it 做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，也可以用if引導(dǎo).,誤：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful. 正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.,4) . 用于It is important / natural / nece

10、ssary / impossible that.句型中, 主語從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣, 謂語動詞用“should + 動詞原形”的形式, should有時可以省略。 5) 在It + be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted/required 中, that從句的謂語也應(yīng)該用“should + 動詞原形”的形式, should有時可以省略。,5. 主語從句需注意的問題 (1)主語從句中用陳述語序 What she is afraid of is their taking her to Paris. ( What is she afraid o

11、f Wrong ) (2)主語從句后謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù) That they havent phoned is strange.,(3)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，that不可被省略 That price will go up is certain.,6. It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較,It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the f

12、ilm. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.,7. what 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時的區(qū)別 what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時在句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而that 則不然。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation.,What在此

13、引導(dǎo)主語從句,又做said的賓語,That 只起連接作用,不做成分,1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided.,2.You have made a mistake is a fact.,3.That is certain that we can win.,4.No matter who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,5.It is important that a student learns a foreign language.,we shall,That you

14、have,It is,Whoever,should learn,改錯練習(xí),1. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? （01北京春季) Awhere Bwhat Chow Dwhich,2. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. （04上海） A. where B. what C. that D. how,3. Fashion differs fro

15、m country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. (00上海）,What B. That C. This D. Which,（D）,(B),(B）,1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present 3. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 4.

16、 _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.,That,What,Whether,Whether,Whoever,6. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 7.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. 8. The Foreign Minister said,

17、“_ is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”9. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.,It,that,It,what,1.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.A. who is it B. who it is C. it is

18、 who D. it is whom,2. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how,3. _ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What ; that C. That ; what

19、D. That ; because,4. _ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 5. _ that they can pass the written exam this time. A. That is hoped B. It is hoped C. It hopes D. That hopes,5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C

20、. Whoever D. Who,6. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It,C,D,7. _ in the newspaper that the price of food will go up. A. It says B. It is said C. It has said D. He is said,8. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning grey. A. while

21、B. that C. if D. for,B,B,9. There is no doubt _. A. that Mr. Hansen is in good health B. whether is Mr. Hansen healthy C. if Mr. Hansens health was returning D. whether Mr. Hansen in health,A,10. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A. This is B. There

22、is C. That is D. It is,D,11. It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master,B,Predicative Clauses 表語從句,表語從句的定義,The question is who will do it.復(fù)合句,The question is difficult. 簡單句,（ 表 ）,表語從句,（ 表 ）,表語從句的定義： 在復(fù)合句中作表語的從句叫表語從 句。表

23、語從句位于主句的系動詞后。 表語從句說明主語是什么或者怎么樣, 對主語進(jìn)行解釋、說明，使主語的內(nèi) 具體化。,2. 表語從句的構(gòu)成,This is why he did it. 主語 系動詞 表語從句,結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+系動詞+表語從句”。,可以接表語從句的系動詞有： be，feel , seem , look , sound, taste , smell ，appear， remain ,keep, stay become ,get , grow , turn ,go , prove, turn out 等。,連接詞：that / whether /as if /as though 連接代詞：wh

24、o / whom / whose / which / what 連接副詞：when / where / why / how / because,1.The question is whether we can rely on him. 2.Thats because we were in need of money at that time . 3.He looked as if he was going to cry . 4.Thats why I was late .,Predictive clause 表語從句 1. that引導(dǎo)的表語從句 1) that 在從句中僅起連接作用，無實際意

25、義，在句中不做任何成分，不能省略。 2)在表“建議，勸說，命令”的名詞idea,suggestion, request, proposal 后面的表語從句中，謂語動詞用“should + 動詞原形”，should可省略 My opinion is that its getting better and better. My suggesstion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.,whether在表語從句中表 ,但不充當(dāng)句子的成分。if 引導(dǎo)表語從句.如: 1.What the doctor really doubts is whether m

26、y mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 2. The question is whether it is worth doing.,“是否”,不能,引導(dǎo)詞的用法（二）,what 在表語從句中充當(dāng)_ 表示_. 1. The question is what caused the accident. 2. That mountain is no longer what it used to be . 3. What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.,主語、

27、賓語或表語,什么，什么樣子，或所的（人或事）,引導(dǎo)詞的用法（三）,who 在表語從句中充當(dāng)_表示_. The problem is who could do the work 2. My trouble is who (whom) I can turn to.,主語、賓語或表語,誰,引導(dǎo)詞的用法（四）,which 在引導(dǎo)表語從句時,常充當(dāng)_ 表示 。如： I read about it in some book or another,but what I dont know is which (book) it is.,定語,表語,哪一個,哪一些,引導(dǎo)詞的用法（五）,由as if ,as th

28、ough引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示好像。句子中的系動詞常用be,look, appear, seem，sound等。 It looks as if it was doing to rain. 2.The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl.,引導(dǎo)詞的用法（六）,當(dāng)主句的主語為reason,或者是由why引導(dǎo)的從句時,與它們相關(guān)的表語從句用_,而不能由_ 引導(dǎo); because 引導(dǎo)表語從句時只能用于_句型中. 1.The reason why I was late was that I missed the train. 2. I w

29、as late. It/That/This was because I missed the train.,that來引導(dǎo),because,It/That/This is /was because,引導(dǎo)詞的用法（七）,當(dāng)表語從句中主語、賓語、表語具備，但是還是要表示疑問含義，可以判斷句子中缺少狀語，常常用相應(yīng)的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)，有why, when, where, how等 This is how he did it. That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet. Thats why weve given you the letter.,引導(dǎo)詞的用

30、法（八）,表語從句引導(dǎo)詞注意事項,1. that引導(dǎo)表語從句時不能省. 2. if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句. 3.除that外的所有引導(dǎo)詞都有自己的意義。 4. 除that, whether外的所有引導(dǎo)詞都須在從句中充當(dāng)相應(yīng)的成分,名詞主語+be+that引起的表語從句,主語名詞常常是 表示事實，真理的名詞，如：fact, truth 表示看法，觀點、問題、麻煩的名詞，如：idea, opinion, belief, view, news, advice, feeling, suggestion, plan, trouble, question, problem,1.The fact is that

31、our team has won the game. 2.The truth is that she was the very person we are looking for.,1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether 3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what

32、C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when,1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week. that B. if C. when D. whether 2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless. because B. that C. for D. because of 3. Go and get your coat.

33、 It s _you left it where B. there C. there where D. where there,4The problem is _to take the place of Ted A. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get 5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us. that B. if C. whether D.不填 6. The reason is_I missed the bus.

34、 A. that B. when C. why D. what,10.The problem is_ he has enough time. A.if B.whether C./ D.that 11.He made a promise_ he would help me. A.what B.when C.that D.which 12.I remember_ this used to be a quiet village. A.how B.when C.where D.what 13.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he o

35、r she wants. A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever,B,C,B,B,從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。 1. It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life. (重慶2011) A. whose B. what C. which D. that,2. His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _ it is he is trying to express. (安徽2011) A. that B. how C. who D. what 3. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. (北京2011) A. what B. how C. that D. why,4. Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes an