[高考英語-閱讀理解專題--推理判斷題ppt課件

1、,Reading Comprehension,How to deal with questions of inference,1,閱讀推理判斷題,推斷題分類,2,1.看透文章的表面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提 示和線索-推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)。 2透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，通過分析、綜合、判斷，進(jìn)行 符合邏輯的推理。,3忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。 切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的本意。 4善于全面分析，切忌片面思考。,推理判斷題,解題思路,3,1. Question forms: It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we kno

2、w that is most likely . What the writer really means is . The writer suggests that . The story implies that . We can infer /conclude from the passage that . 這類題干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等標(biāo)志性詞語。,一、如何推斷隱含意義,2.技巧點(diǎn)撥 1)全面分析 2)忠實(shí)原文3)不要選擇表層信息,4,1.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the

3、 wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle. The sound of this beetle _. A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited p

4、eople.,5,It is said that people should take a lesson from the clock. The clock passes the time by keeping its hands busy. People who do what the clock does also pass the time by keeping their hands busy and not by sleeping the time away. You can tell that busy people_ A. act like clocks. B. sleep th

5、e time away. C. dont do what clocks do. D. dont have hands.,2.,6,Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age; today only two exist. The wood bison is the larger of the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada. Better known in the United States i

6、s the Plains bison, or buffalo. At one time, herds of these animals could be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West. The author implies that several types of bison_. A. live outside the United States and Canada B. are well adapted to sw

7、ampy terrain C. existed before the Ice Age D. have been killed or have died out,3.,not mentioned,7,4. When you make a promise to live by your being values, it becomes easier to make conscious (慎重的) choices rather than reactionary (反動(dòng)的) ones. If your usual pattern is to talk about your problems, you

8、could choose to think and act like a calm person. A calm person might go for a walk, or set a time limit before responding. If your usual pattern is to worry, you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person What can be inferred from the passage? Having values are better than being values.

9、A calm person does not choose to complain. The way other people think of you decides who you are. A responsible person does not care about financial security.,8,二、如何推斷作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度：,positive negative approval disapproval objective subjective optimistic pessimistic indifferent reserved neutral unbiased cri

10、tical doubtful sarcastic/ironic,積極的，肯定的,消極的，否定的,贊成的,不贊成的,客觀的,主觀的,樂觀的,悲觀的,漠不關(guān)心的,保留意見的,中立的,無偏見的，公平的,批評(píng)的,懷疑的,諷刺的，挖苦的,9,1. Question forms: The writers attitude toward is_. The writer thought that_. According to the author _.,2.技巧點(diǎn)撥 注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子，才能推斷出作者的態(tài)度。,10,5. Why isnt your newspaper rep

11、orting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行賄)，and death. Frankly，Im sick of all this bad news. This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform,11,6.（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pai

12、n or sufferingcan be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a na

13、turaland healthyemotional response. According to the author, which of the following statements is true? A. Crying is the best way to get help from others. B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems. C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry. D. We must cry if we want to reduce

14、 pressure.,12,7. Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure- those who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across th

15、e greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity, which may only last a few minutes or even seconds. I would consider bungee jumping（蹦極跳）to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot air bal

16、loon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic（有彈性的）rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would

17、say as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs.,13,Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists（心理學(xué)家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, p

18、eoples lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival. Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in sho

19、ps; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. The writer of the text has a _ attitude towards dangerous sports.A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. nervous,14,8. Why isnt

20、 your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行賄)，and death. Frankly，Im sick of all this bad news. This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform,解析：作者一是向讀者說明這份報(bào)紙上只登載壞新聞，如兇殺、行賄受賄和死亡等；二是在字里行間流露出自己的抱怨情緒（對(duì)壞新聞厭惡透了）

21、，故應(yīng)選A。,15,9.Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find

22、 a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together. What is the writers attitude towards the present world? A. Positive B. Critical C. Satisfied D. Indifferent,推斷作者態(tài)度,16,10.

23、The theories of modern psychology have stepped in to argue that we must understand the needs of our children. Children are not just small adults; they are children who must be respected as such. Well, you may say, this is as it should be, and a good idea. But think further. What happens? “Education”

24、 becomes the responsibility not of teachers, but of psychologists. What happens then?. What is the authors attitude toward the theories of modern psychology? A. Uninterested B. Tolerant C. Satisfied D. Critical,推斷作者態(tài)度,17,三、如何推斷寫作目的,1. Question forms: (1) 考查整篇文章的寫作目的 A. The writers purpose of writing

25、 this passage is to _. B. What is the purpose of writing this article? C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _.,18,(2) 考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖 A. The writer uses the example ofto show that _. B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. C. are mentioned in the first para

26、graph to _.,19,2. 常見的寫作目的歸納 不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的, 但寫作目的通常有以下三種： (1) to entertain readers（娛樂讀者，讓人發(fā)笑） (2) to persuade readers（說服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)） (3) to inform readers（告知讀者某些信息）,常見于故事類的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience,常見于廣告類的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / re

27、aders / audience,多見于科普類新聞報(bào)道類文化類或社會(huì)類的文章 。,20,3. 技巧點(diǎn)撥 (1) 根據(jù)文體類別推斷寫作目的 (2) 從寫作手法來推斷寫作目的,21,11. “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the Univ

28、ersity of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer t

29、hem,22,12. A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the mans big family-his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fe

30、d it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the womans hom

31、e. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home. The writer wrote the story in order to_. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that

32、 women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife,23,1. Question forms: The passage is most likely to be taken from_. Where would this passage most probably appear? The passage is most likely a part of _.,四、如何推斷文章出處,2. 解題技巧 這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處：(1) 報(bào)紙 (2)廣告 (

33、3)產(chǎn)品說明 (4)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等,24,13.（全國(guó)卷）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets(藥片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as

34、required. For night-time and early morning relief (緩解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount . For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from r

35、estlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine. This text is most probably taken from a _. A. textbook B. newsreel C. doctors notebook D. bottle of medicine,25,14. More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受傷）each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per

36、 hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt（安全帶）saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50

37、. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility（責(zé)任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehi

38、cle or you are making a local delivery（發(fā)送）or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing

39、so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. This text is taken from _. A. a medical magazine B. a traffic police report C. an advertisement D. a government information booklet （小冊(cè)子）,More than 30,000 are killed or seriously injured each year.,

40、you could be fined up to $ 50,Remember you may be taken to court you may be fined ,26,2. 解題技巧 推測(cè)下文的內(nèi)容：根據(jù)作者的思路進(jìn)行推理，特別是最后兩三句話。 推測(cè)上文的內(nèi)容：關(guān)注第一段，特別是文段開始的幾句話。,五推斷上下文內(nèi)容,Question forms: The next paragraph would most probably deal with _ The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.,27,15. Whe

41、n early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings