腦神經系統(tǒng)課件.ppt

1、Section 2 The Cranial Nerves(腦神經),I. Olfactory n. (嗅神經) II. Optic n. (視神經) III. Oculomotor n. (動眼神經) IV. Trochlear n. (滑車神經) V. Trigeminal n. (三叉神經) VI. Abducent n. (展神經) VII. Facial n. (面神經),vcv,vcv,vcv,vcv,vcv,vcv,vcv,The Cranial Nerves,一嗅二視三動眼，四滑五叉六外展，七面八聽九舌咽， 迷.副，舌下十二全。,VIII. Vestibulocochlear n

2、. (前庭蝸神經) (位聽神經) IX. Glossopharyngeal n. (舌咽神經) X. Vagus n. (迷走神經) XI. Accessory n. (副神經) XII. Hypoglossal n. (舌下神經),Introduction,A. Classification of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory nerves (感覺神經): I, II, VIII. 2. Motor nerves (運動神經): III, IV, VI, XI, XII. 3. Mixed nerves (混合神經): V, VII, IX, X.,Introd

3、uction,B. Components of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory (afferent) fibers 感覺(傳入) 纖維 1) general somatic sensory fiber (GSA) (一般軀體感覺纖維): skin nerve endings (皮膚神經末稍) muscle spindles (肌梭),Introduction, 2) special somatic sensory fiber (SSA) (特殊軀體感覺纖維): visual (視), hearing (聽), balance organs (平衡),Introduc

4、tion, 3) general visceral sensory fiber (GVA) (一般內臟感覺纖維): all viscera (全部內臟) 4) special visceral sensory fiber (SVA) (特殊內臟感覺纖維): olfactory (嗅器) and taste (味器),Introduction,2. Motor (efferent) fibers 運動 (傳出）纖維 1) general somatic motor fiber (GSE) (一般軀體運動纖維): muscles of the eye and tongue (眼外肌和舌肌),Int

5、roduction, 2) general visceral motor fiber (GVE) (一般內臟運動纖維): smooth mm. (平滑肌), cardiac mm. (心肌), glands (腺體),Introduction, 3) special visceral motor fiber (SVE) (特殊內臟運動): skeletal muscles derive from branchial arch (源于鰓弓的骨骼肌) I 鰓弓 咀嚼肌 II 鰓弓 面肌 III-VII 鰓弓 咽喉肌, 胸鎖乳突肌,斜方肌,I. The Olfactory Nerve (嗅神經)SV

6、A,anosmia 嗅覺喪失, hyposmia 嗅覺減退,olfactory bulb (嗅球),olfactory filaments (I) (嗅絲),cribriform foramina,anosmia 嗅覺喪失,olfactory cells (嗅細胞) within the olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity (在鼻腔內嗅區(qū)上皮), II. The Optic Nerve (視神經) SSA,rod cells (視桿細胞) cone cells (視錐細胞),ganglionic cells (節(jié)細胞),II,optic chiasma (

7、視交叉),optic canal (視神經管),photoreceptor cells (感光細胞),total blindness 全盲,bipolar cells (雙極細胞), . The Oculomotor Nerve (動眼神經) GSE, GVE,midbrain （中腦） 腳間窩,III superior branch(上支),superior rectus levator palpebrae superioris (上直肌,上瞼提肌),inferior rectus medial rectus inferior oblique (下直肌,內直肌,下斜肌),sup. orbit

8、al fissure (眶上裂),III inferior branch(下支),strabismus 斜視 眼瞼下垂, 瞳孔擴大 , 眼球轉向外下, 復視,sphincter pupil, ciliary m. (瞳孔括約肌,睫狀肌), . The Oculomotor Nerve (動眼神經) GSE, GVE, . The Trochlear Nerve (滑車神經) GSE,midbrain (中腦) 背側,IV,superior oblique （上斜肌）,sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂), . The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神經) GSA, SV

9、E,V,maxillary n (上頜神經),ophthalmic n (眼神經),mandibular nerve (下頜n),pons (腦橋),lacrim n(淚腺),frontal (額) n,nasociliary(鼻睫) n,眶上神經,lacrimal gland(淚腺),鼻背,腔,篩竇,眼球,V ganglion (三叉神 經節(jié)),額皮,infraorbital(眶下) n,sup.alveolar(上牙槽) n,auriculotemporal n,buccal (頰) n,lingual (舌) n,inf. alveolar n,眼口間皮膚,上牙,牙齦,顳部皮膚,頰部皮膚

10、,粘膜,舌前 2/3 一般感覺,Taste.舌前2/3味覺,mental 頦n,下唇皮膚,lower teeth下牙,牙齦,masticat. brs(咀嚼肌支),mastic.mm.咀嚼肌,trigeminal neuralgia 三叉神經痛 trigeminal nerve block 三叉神經封閉,鼓索,下頜舌骨肌N,Zygomatic n.(顴神經),顴部皮膚,滑車上神經,VII, . The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神經) GSA, SVE, . The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神經) GSA, SVE, . The Trigeminal Nerve

11、(三叉神經) GSA, SVE, . The Abducent Nerve (展神經) GSE,pons （腦橋）,VI,lateral rectus （外直?。?strabismus 斜視 diplepia (double vision) 復視,sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂), VII. The Facial Nerve (面神經)SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE,pons (腦橋) 延髓溝,geniculate ganglion (膝神經節(jié)),VII,VII,stapedius (鐙骨肌),taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue (舌前味覺)

12、,facial mm. (面肌),lingual n(舌神經),tympanic chord(鼓索),stapedial n (鐙骨肌神經),temporal branches (顳支),zygomatic branches (顴支),buccal branches (頰支),marginal mandibul. br(下頜緣),cervical branch (頸支),V1 lacrimal n,lacrimal gland nasal glands palatine glands (淚,鼻腔,腭腺),submandibular gland, sublingual gland (下頜下腺,舌

13、下腺),facial paralysis 面神經癱 facial spasm 面痙攣,pterygo- palatine ganglion,greater petrosal n (巖大神經),腭,蝶腭N, VII. The Facial Nerve (面神經) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE, VII. The Facial Nerve (面神經) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE, . The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (前庭蝸神經) SSA,nervous deafness 神經性耳聾,brain stem (腦干) 延髓腦橋溝,vestibular n.

14、(前庭神經),cochlear n. (蝸神經),vestibular ganglion (前庭神經節(jié)),spiral ganglion (螺旋神經節(jié)),頭位置,聽覺,macullae of saccule(橢圓囊) macullae of utricle(球囊) ampullary crest(壺腹嵴),spiral organs （螺旋器）,Int.acous. meatus & pore (內耳道,內耳門), . The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (前庭蝸神經) SSA, . The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (舌咽神經),SVE, GVE, S

15、VA, GVA,GSA,IX,medulla oblongata (延髓),sup. ganglion,inf. ganglion,tympanic n(鼓室),otic gang,parotid gland(腮腺),carotid sinus branch,carotid sinus & glomus,lingual br (舌支),post. 1/3 of tongue (taste,pharynx,stylopharyngeal br (莖突咽肌支),stylopharyn.(莖突咽肌),tonsillar br.(扁桃體支),palantine tonsil(腭扁桃體),post.au

16、ricular br(耳后支),pharyngeal mm.,pharyngeal branch(咽支),post. auricul. skin(耳后皮膚),& other sensory), . The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (舌咽神經) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA, . The Vagus Nerve (迷走神經) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSA,medulla oblongata,X L R,sup. ganglion,inf. ganglion,sup.laryng.n(喉上N),phary.br.(咽支),sup.cerv.card.br

17、.(頸上心支),inf.cerv.card.br.(頸下心支),rec.laryng. n.(喉返N),inf.laryng.n(喉下N),bronc.br.(支氣管支),esophag.br.(食管支),ant.vagal tr.(前干),post.vagal tr.(后干),int.br.(內支),laryn.mucosa(喉粘膜),cricothyroideus(環(huán)甲肌),phary.mm(咽肌),& mucosa(粘膜),cardiac plexus (心叢),heart mm (心肌),laryng.mm喉肌,& mucosa(粘膜),esoph.br(食管支),trac. br(氣

18、管支),食管腺,肌,氣管腺,肌,& mucosa(粘膜),& mucosa(粘膜),hepat.br.(肝支),ant.gast.br(胃前支),post.gast.br(胃后支),celiac br.(腹腔支),hepat. plx,gast. plx,gast. plx,celiac plx,肝腺,肌,sens,sens,sens,sens,胃腺,肌,胃腺,肌,腸腺,肌,pulmonary plx,esoph. plx,支氣管腺,肌,食管腺,肌,& mucosa(粘膜),& mucosa(粘膜),sense,耳支耳廓,硬腦膜,ext.br.(外支), . The Vagus Nerve (迷走神經) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSA, XI. The Accessory Nerve (副神經) SVE,medulla oblongata (腦干),spinal cord (脊髓),cranial root (顱根),spinal root(脊根)XI,sterno-cleido-mastoideus (胸鎖乳突肌) trapezius