高考英語閱讀理解推理判斷.ppt

1、高考英語閱讀理解推理判斷,五年高考全國卷推理判斷題量統(tǒng)計(jì)表,7,7,5,7,8,推理判斷題量在近5年中相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,1. 數(shù)據(jù)推斷題,3. 邏輯結(jié)論推斷題,2. 知識(shí)推斷題,5. 作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題,6. 寫作目的/意圖推斷題,7. 文章出處/來源推斷題,推理判斷,8. 預(yù)測(cè)想象推斷題,4. 隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題,1. 數(shù)據(jù)推斷題,解答此類題, 關(guān)鍵是要善于捕捉有關(guān)數(shù)字的信息, 然后在透徹理解原文的字面意義和題意的基礎(chǔ)上, 運(yùn)用自己的數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí),對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析、推算, 從而得出正確的結(jié)論。,技巧:,Shakespeares Birthplace and Exhibition of Shakesp

2、eares World The Birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the car parks shown on the map: nearest is Windsor Street (3 minutes Walk) Q: How much is the admission for a family of two grown-ups and two children? A. 9.80B. 12.00C. 14.20D. 16.40,Example 1:,Below are some classified ads from an E

3、nglish newspaper. classified ads FOR DIRECT CLASSIFIED SERVICE CALL 800-0557 10A.M.-4P.M. MONDAY-FRIDAY FOR SALE COME to our moving sale-Plants, pottery, books, clothes, etc, Sat, Dec. 14th-9 a.m.-5 p.m.1612 Ferndale, Apt. 1,800-4696. USED FUR COATS and JACKETS. GOOD condition. $30-$50. Call 800-043

4、6 after 12 noon. MOVING: Must sell. TV21”, $50; AM/FM radio A/C or battery, $15; cassette tape recorder, $10. Call Jon or Pat, 800-0793 after 5 p.m. or weekends. SHEEPSKIN COAT: mans, size 42, 1 year old. $85. After 6 p.m., 800-5224. Q: A second-hand jacket will probably cost you _. A. $60B. $40C. $

5、20D. $10,Example 2:,2. 知識(shí)推斷題,解答此類題，不僅需要我們有一定的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)常識(shí)，而且還需要對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識(shí)有一個(gè)充分的理解。,知識(shí)推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運(yùn)用自己掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原義的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。,知識(shí)推斷題一般都是針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)。,技巧:,Tokyo: Three snakes, whose poison could kill a person in ten minutes, are guarding a blue star sapphire (藍(lán)寶石) worth nearly six hundred thousand d

6、ollars at a Japanese exhibition of jewels sent from an Indian museum. “Normally it would be forbidden to let these poisonous snakes guard exhibition objects, but its different this time because the jewels are being exhibited at a hotel,” a police official said. Exhibition officials said that a perso

7、n bitten (咬) by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved. Medicine was being kept ready at a nearby hospital. Q: The jewels was being shown in _. A. an Indian hotelB. an Indian museum C. a Japanese hotelD. a Japanese museum,Example 3:,3. 邏輯結(jié)論推斷題,解答這類題的前提是首

8、先獲得短文的主題思想或列舉的具體事實(shí)，然后按題意的要求進(jìn)行推斷。,邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。,技巧:,When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I w

9、alked over, she asked, “Are you single?” “Why, yes.” I answered, smiling at her happily. “So is my mother.” she said,“Would you like to meet her?” Q: The waitress said hello to the writer every day because _. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friend

10、ly with him D. she loved him very much,Example 4:,Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn (旅館). “Please, sir.” begged the innkeeper, “Dont kill us! We meant nothing!” The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them raising their guns. Then Napoleon called: “Ready! Aim!” The wife screamed. “Stop!” said N

11、apoleon. He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, dont you?” Q: Why did Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple? Because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him. B. Because he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his an

12、ger. C. Because he wanted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him. D. Because he wanted to made the innkeeper know that a general like him had the same feeling as the ordinary people in face of danger.,Example 5:,4. 隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題,1. 文章中直接用于表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)的信息 2. 文章中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論 3. 與文章

13、內(nèi)容完全相反的結(jié)論 4. 不合常理或不合邏輯的結(jié)論等。,干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn):,4. 隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題,要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。 2. 要忠實(shí)原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。 3. 注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應(yīng)該立足由已知推斷未知。,技巧:,One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant, “I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.” “What do you need these t

14、hings for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well,” replied the man, “Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.” Q: The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _. A. very clean B

15、. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects,Example 6:,Since my retirement (退休) from teaching music in 2001, I have spent a good deal of time painting as an artist. In any case, I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes (風(fēng)景畫) much influenced（影響）by Krenkel and

16、St. John for five years. but as soon as I walked out of the school door for the last time I picked up my brushes and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth, who quickly became my favorite artist. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other types of painting. As Confucius onc

17、e said, “At seventy I can follow my hearts desire.” 71. We can infer from the text that the author _. A. had been taught by Krenkel and St. John B. painted landscapes in Minnesota for 5 years C. believed Wyeth to be the best in watercolors D. started his retirement life at the age of seventy,Example

18、 7:,5. 作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題,作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度題考查目標(biāo)比較明確，題干一般都含有according to the writer/author, attitude, opinion, believe, consider, regard等詞或短語。,這類題目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表現(xiàn)的態(tài)度外，有的還考查作者對(duì)具體的某個(gè)人或事物的態(tài)度或評(píng)價(jià)。如作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是中立/猶豫不定，對(duì)記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。,5. 作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題,常見提問形式:,1. Whats the authors attitude towards? 2. Wh

19、at is the opinion of the writer in this passage? 3. What does the author mean by saying “”? 4. From theparagraph, what do you think the author wants to tell us? 5. The author seems to be in favor of/against -. 6. With which of the following does the author agree？,5. 作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度傾向推斷題,干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn):,1. 是自己的某種看法或觀

20、點(diǎn) 2. 是社會(huì)的一種普遍種傾向 3. 是與本文無關(guān)或與作者相反的觀點(diǎn)或看法等,技巧:,問全文主體事物的(包括主題)，可以根據(jù)闡述 主題或有關(guān)主體事物的相關(guān)句中表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞確定作者的態(tài)度； 2. 如果問的是對(duì)某一具體事物的態(tài)度，則可以定位到具體相關(guān)句，然后確定答案。,Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson, Arizona. He moved there a few years ago, and I was eager to see his new place a

21、nd meet his friends. eagle On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my fathers friends for lunch at an outdoor caf. We talked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate on the street table, and laughed over my sons funny facial expressions. Gone was my fathers critical (挑剔的) air and s

22、trict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before? Q: What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson? A. More criticalB. More talkative C. Gentle and friendlyD. Strict and hard-working.,Example

23、 8:,來訪；露面,As kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods. “The woods” was our part-time address, destination, purpose, and excuse. It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us has reached seventh grade and had begun the rough

24、ride of adolescence (青春期). In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that we really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would b

25、e the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria. Q: How does the author feel about his childhood? A. Happy but short.B. Lonely but memorable. C. Boring and meaningless.D. Long and unforgettable.,Example 9:,6. 寫作目的/意圖推斷題,常見提問形式:,考查整篇文章:,The writer writes this passage in order to _

26、. 2. The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _. 3. What is the purpose of writing this article? 4. In writing the passage, the author intends to _.,6. 寫作目的/意圖推斷題,常見提問形式:,考查某處細(xì)節(jié):,The writer uses the example of to show that _. 2. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the pass

27、age to _. 3. .are mentioned in the first paragraph to _.,6. 寫作目的/意圖推斷題,常見的寫作目的:,不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的, 但寫作目的通常有以下三種:,1. to amuse/entertain readers (娛樂讀者) 2. to persuade readers to sell a product or a service (說服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)/ 某樣?xùn)|西） 3. to inform readers (告知讀者某些信息),6. 寫作目的/意圖推斷題,技巧:,這種寫作目的常見于故事類的文章。,1. to amuse/

28、entertain readers,2. to persuade readers to sell a product or a service,這種主要是通過對(duì)旅游景點(diǎn)報(bào)刊雜志影片電視節(jié)目等的介紹來達(dá)到寫作目的: 吸引更多的游客讀者或訂戶觀眾或者推銷產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)等,6. 寫作目的/意圖推斷題,技巧:,3. to inform readers,這種寫作目的多見于科普類新聞報(bào)道類文化類或社會(huì)類的文章。了解這類文章的寫作目的有賴于對(duì)文章主題的正確把握，閱讀時(shí)有必要找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句，或較好地對(duì)主題加以歸納。,People believe that climbing can do good to hea

29、lth. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, youre wrong. How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and harness (保護(hù)帶) around your chest to hold you. Climbing attracts people because its good exercis

30、e for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body acomplete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger. Q: Why does the author write this passage? A. To tell people where to find gyms. B. To prove the basic need f

31、or climbing. C. To encourage people to climb mountains. D. To introduce the sport of wall climbing.,Example 10:,14 days from just 2,090 pp Fully inclusive from the UK Price covers: International airfares, departure taxes, fuel charges, local transportation, accommodation, all meals, entrance fees, g

32、uides, daily tours and visas for UK citizens. Days 1-3: UK-Shanghai Day14: Beijing-UK Ks5u Fly back to the UK, arriving home later the same day filled with happy memories. Q: The ad is mainly intended to _. A. encourage the British to travel in China B. attract the British to traditional Chinese foo

33、d C. offer service of booking air tickets to tourists D. provide the British with a better understanding of China,Example 11:,“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of

34、the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. Scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity. Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean.“The wind starts out by making little ripples (漣漪), but if they keep on

35、 blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves Q: The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them,Exam

36、ple 12:,7. 文章出處/來源推斷題,The passage is most likely to be taken from _. 2. Where would this passage most probably appear? 3. The passage is most likely a part of _.,常見提問形式:,7. 文章出處/來源推斷題,這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處。如: 1. 報(bào)紙: 前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱。 2. 廣告: 因其格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)。3. 產(chǎn)品說明: 器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式等; 而藥品的服用說明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間

37、、次數(shù)、藥量等。,解題技巧:,Example 13:,In which column of a newspaper could we find this advertisement? A. ArtsB. SalesC. JobsD. News.,Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed”? Read the following directions and see if you understand th

38、em. “To reduce pain, take two tablets (藥片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (緩解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount

39、 (量). For children under six years old, ask for your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine”. Q: This text is most probably taken from a _. A. textbookB. newsreel C. doctors notebookD. bottle of medicine,Example 14: 全國,8. 預(yù)測(cè)想象推斷題,

40、The paragraph following the passage will most likely/probably to be _. 2. The passage is probably followed by a paragraph about _? 3. What did the paragraph proceeding /following this section likely deal with/talk about/discuss? 4. What will the author talk about in the next paragraph?,常見提問形式:,有些內(nèi)容文

41、章中沒有明確說明，要求考生根據(jù)語篇，對(duì)事件可能的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)推理。,8. 預(yù)測(cè)想象推斷題,做這類題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路(如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系來敘述)，從而做出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)測(cè)。,技巧:,We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, date processing (數(shù)據(jù)處理) and solving complicated problems. And t

42、hey are finding their way into the home. More and cleverer computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us. However Q: Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the third paragraph? A. Computers will soon stop developing. B. C