課題3二氧化碳和一氧化碳.ppt

1、成都市鹽道街中學 岳丹,第六單元 課題3 第1課時,二氧化碳的性質,活動一,怎樣驗證？,是什么氣體？,反應原理：二氧化碳與石灰水中氫氧化鈣反應生成碳酸鈣沉淀和水。,反應方程式： CO2+Ca(OH)2 =CaCO3+H2O,取一支試管，加入約2mL澄清石灰水，打開雪碧瓶，連 接帶導管的單孔塞，將導管放入石灰水。搖動雪碧瓶， 使少量氣體通入石灰水中。觀察石灰水變化。,實驗步驟：,2:00,1:59,1:58,1:57,1:56,1:55,1:54,1:53,1:52,1:51,1:50,1:49,1:48,1:47,1:46,1:45,1:44,1:43,1:42,1:41,1:40,1:39,

2、1:38,1:37,1:36,1:35,1:34,1:33,1:32,1:31,1:30,1:29,1:28,1:27,1:26,1:25,1:24,1:23,1:22,1:21,1:20,1:19,1:18,1:17,1:16,1:15,1:14,1:13,1:12,1:11,1:10,1:09,1:08,1:07,1:06,1:05,1:04,1:03,1:02,1:01,1:00,0:59,0:58,0:57,0:56,0:55,0:54,0:53,0:52,0:51,0:50,0:49,0:48,0:47,0:46,0:45,0:44,0:43,0:42,0:41,0:40,0:39,

3、0:38,0:37,0:36,0:35,0:34,0:33,0:32,0:31,0:30,0:29,0:28,0:27,0:26,0:25,0:24,0:23,0:22,0:21,0:20,0:19,0:18,0:17,0:16,0:15,0:14,0:13,0:12,0:11,0:10,0:09,0:08,0:07,0:06,0:05,0:04,0:03,0:02,0:01,0:00,2分鐘倒計時,CO2能否溶于水的實驗,塑料瓶變癟,CO2能溶于水,活動一,CO2的溶解性實驗,【資料卡片】通常狀況下，1體積水約溶解1體積CO2 ，故CO2能溶于水。,現(xiàn)象,結論,水溶性,紫色石蕊溶液變?yōu)榧t色。

4、,另取一支試管，加入約2mL石蕊溶液，擰開雪碧瓶， 連接帶導管的單孔塞，將導管放入石蕊溶液。搖動 雪碧瓶，使少量氣體通入石蕊溶液。觀察溶液顏色 變化。,實驗步驟：,實驗現(xiàn)象：,【資料卡片】石蕊是一種酸堿指示劑，,變紅色。,酸,遇,溫馨提示：同學們做實驗時，請注意安全！,2:00,1:59,1:58,1:57,1:56,1:55,1:54,1:53,1:52,1:51,1:50,1:49,1:48,1:47,1:46,1:45,1:44,1:43,1:42,1:41,1:40,1:39,1:38,1:37,1:36,1:35,1:34,1:33,1:32,1:31,1:30,1:29,1:28,

5、1:27,1:26,1:25,1:24,1:23,1:22,1:21,1:20,1:19,1:18,1:17,1:16,1:15,1:14,1:13,1:12,1:11,1:10,1:09,1:08,1:07,1:06,1:05,1:04,1:03,1:02,1:01,1:00,0:59,0:58,0:57,0:56,0:55,0:54,0:53,0:52,0:51,0:50,0:49,0:48,0:47,0:46,0:45,0:44,0:43,0:42,0:41,0:40,0:39,0:38,0:37,0:36,0:35,0:34,0:33,0:32,0:31,0:30,0:29,0:28,

6、0:27,0:26,0:25,0:24,0:23,0:22,0:21,0:20,0:19,0:18,0:17,0:16,0:15,0:14,0:13,0:12,0:11,0:10,0:09,0:08,0:07,0:06,0:05,0:04,0:03,0:02,0:01,0:00,2分鐘倒計時,活動一,3:00,2:59,2:58,2:57,2:56,2:55,2:54,2:53,2:52,2:51,2:50,2:49,2:48,2:47,2:46,2:45,2:44,2:43,2:42,2:41,2:40,2:39,2:38,2:37,2:36,2:35,2:34,2:33,2:32,2:31

7、,2:30,2:29,2:28,2:27,2:26,2:25,2:24,2:23,2:22,2:21,2:20,2:19,2:18,2:17,2:16,2:15,2:14,2:13,2:12,2:11,2:10,2:09,2:08,2:07,2:06,2:05,2:04,2:03,2:02,2:01,2:00,1:59,1:58,1:57,1:56,1:55,1:54,1:53,1:52,1:51,1:50,1:49,1:48,1:47,1:46,1:45,1:44,1:43,1:42,1:41,1:40,1:39,1:38,1:37,1:36,1:35,1:34,1:33,1:32,1:31

8、,1:30,1:29,1:28,1:27,1:26,1:25,1:24,1:23,1:22,1:21,1:20,1:19,1:18,1:17,1:16,1:15,1:14,1:13,1:12,1:11,1:10,1:09,1:08,1:07,1:06,1:05,1:04,1:03,1:02,1:01,1:00,0:59,0:58,0:57,0:56,0:55,0:54,0:53,0:52,0:51,0:50,0:49,0:48,0:47,0:46,0:45,0:44,0:43,0:42,0:41,0:40,0:39,0:38,0:37,0:36,0:35,0:34,0:33,0:32,0:31

9、,0:30,0:29,0:28,0:27,0:26,0:25,0:24,0:23,0:22,0:21,0:20,0:19,0:18,0:17,0:16,0:15,0:14,0:13,0:12,0:11,0:10,0:09,0:08,0:07,0:06,0:05,0:04,0:03,0:02,0:01,0:00,3分鐘倒計時,活動一,紙花由紫 變紅,紙花不變 色,醋酸能使紫色石蕊變紅,水不能使紫色石蕊變色,紙花不變 色,CO2不能使紫色石蕊變色,紙花由紫 色變紅色,CO2與H2O反應 生成的碳酸使 紫色石蕊變紅,活動二,紙花又變?yōu)?紫色,碳酸不穩(wěn)定, 容易分解。,水和CO2單獨都不能使紫色石蕊變

10、色,CO2能否與水發(fā)生反應？,醋酸,水,CO2,CO2與水生成新物質,結論：二氧化碳與水反應生成碳酸。,反應方程式：CO2 + H2O = H2CO3,反應方程式：H2CO3 = CO2+ H2O,碳酸不穩(wěn)定，當烘干時，碳酸分解生成二氧化碳氣體和水。,CO2,活動二,CO2能否與水發(fā)生反應？,階梯蠟燭的實驗,活動二,蠟燭從下到上依次熄滅,1.CO2不能燃燒，也不支持燃燒 2.CO2的密度比空氣大,溫馨提示：請同學們仔細觀察上、下蠟燭火焰變化的現(xiàn)象,現(xiàn)象,化學 性質,物理 性質,活動三：小結二氧化碳的性質,1.不能燃燒，也不支持燃燒； 2.二氧化碳與水反應生成碳酸； CO2 + H2O = H2

11、CO3 3.二氧化碳與澄清石灰水反應。 Ca(OH)2 + CO2 = CaCO3+ H2O,1.無色、無味、氣體； 2.密度比空氣大； 3.能溶于水。,4.干冰升華吸熱。,活動三,干 冰,CO2,人工降雨,光合作用,CO2的用途,CO2與石灰水中Ca(OH)2反應,(1)實驗室檢驗CO2氣體； (2)石灰水用于雞蛋保鮮； (3)石灰漿(主要成分Ca(OH)2）抹墻，變硬且出現(xiàn)“冒汗”現(xiàn)象； (4)石灰漿較長時間敞放會變質。,反應方程式： CO2+Ca(OH)2 =CaCO3+H2O,該反應的應用：,CO2的用途,1、常溫下能與二氧化碳發(fā)生化合反應的物質是（ ） A. 氧氣 B. 水 C. 澄清的石灰水 D. 碳 2、兩支試管中各注入5mL滴有石蕊試液的蒸餾水,通入CO2氣體,然后將一支試管加熱, 另一支試管放入少量的活性炭，其顏色變化分別為 紅紫無 紫紅紫 紫紅無 無紅無。其中正確的是（ ） A B. C. D. ,B,C,活動四,活動四,1、如圖是實驗室用碳酸鈣與稀鹽酸反應制取二氧化碳并驗證其性質的實驗 裝置圖，試根據(jù)題目要求回答下列問題：,（1）儀器a的名稱是 ；裝置B中發(fā)生的化學方程式為 ，裝置C中觀察到的現(xiàn)象是 ， 裝置A中也可