外研版 Book 3 Module 3 Grammar PPT.ppt

1、Module 3,Module 3 The Violence of Nature,The past perfect passive 過去完成時(shí)被動語態(tài),What can you see from the following sentences?,1) By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people had been killed. 2) Coghlan travelled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas.,過去完成時(shí)被動語態(tài)：動作在過去某一時(shí)刻之前已經(jīng)完成, 且謂語動詞與發(fā)

2、出這一動作的主語存在被動關(guān)系。句中常用by, before, until, when等詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語。,1.過去完成時(shí)被動語態(tài)的肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：had been+過去分詞。 The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher came. 老師進(jìn)來前教室就已經(jīng)被打掃干凈了。 2.過去完成時(shí)被動語態(tài)的否定結(jié)構(gòu)：had not been+過去詞。 The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came. 老師進(jìn)來前教室還沒被打掃干凈呢。,3. 過去完成時(shí)被動語態(tài)的疑問句結(jié)構(gòu): had+主語+been+

3、過去分詞。 Had a new school been set up by the end of last year? 去年年底是建了一所新學(xué)校嗎？,Choose the correct tense and voice to complete each sentence.,1. After the hurricane, Mary _ (see) that the roof of her house _ (disappear). 2. She _ (return) home and _ (find) all her furniture _ (ruin) by the flood.,saw,had

4、 disappeared,returned,found,had been ruined,3. Arthur was surprised when he _ (arrive) home because the tornado _ (take) the feathers off his chickens.,arrived,had taken,4. We _ (leave) the house when the thunderstorm _ (finish).,left,had finished,5. He _ (try) to drive back to his home before the f

5、lood _ (pass) through the village.,tried,passed,Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box. Use the past perfect passive, if necessary.,destroy die fall flood kill,1. After the earthquake, they discovered that several people _. 2. When the hurricane ended, several buildings in the town _.,ha

6、d been killed / had died,had been destroyed / had fallen down,3. His village _ _ in the heavy rain, so he moved to his parents house. 4. When she woke up, she found that her house _ by the thunderstorm. 5. Arthur was unhappy because some of his animals _ _.,had been flooded /,had been destroyed,had

7、died /,had been destroyed,had been killed,1. - The window is dirty. - I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned,D,高考鏈接,2. More patients _ in hospital this year than last year. A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated,D,3

8、. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ increased enormously ever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been,C,4. - How long _ at this job? - Since 2009. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you employed,B,直接引語:直接引用別人的話, 把它放在引號內(nèi)。(d

9、irect speech) 間接引語:用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。 (indirect speech),仔細(xì)觀察A、B、C三組句子, 注意總結(jié)它們的變化規(guī)則。 A. 1. He said, “I lost the bag.” 2. He said that he had lost the bag. B. 1. “Do you want to take part in the sports meeting?” asked the teacher. 2. The teacher asked me if / whether I wanted to take part in the sports meet

10、ing.,C. 1. “When will you go fishing?” Jane asked her father. 2. Jane asked her father when he would go fishing.,【總結(jié)歸納】 上面三組句子中的第一句是直接引語, 第二句是間接引語, 它們可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化, 轉(zhuǎn)化后的間接引語常常是賓語從句, 引導(dǎo)詞有如下特征：,1) 直接引語為陳述句時(shí), 變?yōu)殚g接引語, 要用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。,如： “The storm was extremely violent,” said a local man.,A local man said that

11、the storm had been extremely violent.,2) 直接引語為一般疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語, 要用if/whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句, 并將原來 的疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。,如： The teacher asked, “is everybody here today?”,The teacher asked if everybody was here that day.,3) 直接引語為特殊疑問句, 變?yōu)殚g接引語, 用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)從句, 并將疑句語序 變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。,如： “What shall I do next?” the girl wondered.,The gir

12、l wondered what she should do next.,4) 直接引語為祈使句, 變?yōu)殚g接引語, 一般用以下結(jié)構(gòu): order/tell/ask sb. (not) to do。,如： The headmaster said, “dont litter the floor with scraps of paper.”,The headmaster told us not to litter the floor with scraps of paper.,5) 直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí), 賓語從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等都要作相應(yīng)變化。, 人稱的變化: 遵循一主、

13、二賓、三不變的原則。即: 直接引語中的第一人稱在變成間接引語時(shí), 要和原句中的主語保持一致;,直接引語中的第二人稱在變成間接引語時(shí), 要和原句中的賓語保持一致; 直接引語中的第三人稱在變成間接引語時(shí), 保持不變。,過去進(jìn)行時(shí),一般過去時(shí),過去完成時(shí),過去完成時(shí),過去將來時(shí),過去完成時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)的變化,that,those,then,that day, that night,that week / month , 指示代詞/時(shí)間狀語/地點(diǎn)狀語等的變化,the day before,ten days before,the next day/year,there,go,take,1. 當(dāng)直接引語強(qiáng)調(diào)的是

14、客觀事實(shí)或真理, 變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí), 從句中的時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： Mr. Wang said, “The earth travels around the sun.” Mr. Wang said (that) the earth travels around the sun.,【溫馨提示】,2. 當(dāng)直接引語中有表示過去的具體的時(shí) 間狀語時(shí), 變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí), 從句中 的謂語時(shí)態(tài)可以不變。如： She said, “I was born in 1995.” She said (that) she was born in 1995. 另外, 如果在當(dāng)?shù)鼗蛘弋?dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述, 時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、動詞需不需要發(fā)生

15、變化, 這要看當(dāng)時(shí)的語境來確定。,I. Fill in the blanks according the sentences. 1. Linda said, “Im meeting David for dinner.” Linda said (that) she _ _ David for dinner. 2. Bill said, “I forgot to pay my electricity bill.” Bill said (that) he _ _ to pay his electricity bill.,was meeting,forgot to,Exercises,3. I ask

16、ed Jack, “Do you know the callers name?” I asked Jack _ _ _ _ _ _. 4. The teacher asked him, “Why were you late yesterday?” The teacher asked him _ _ _ _ _ _ _.,whether he knew the callers name,why he was,late the day before,5. “Dont make so much noise, boys,” the teacher said. The teacher told the

17、boys _ _ _ so much noise.,not to make,Volcanic eruption dont happen very often on the island. A scientist said that _ _ _.,II. Rewrite the sentences using the reporting expressions.,volcanic eruptions didnt happen very often on the island,2. No one was on the island during the volcanic eruption. A l

18、ocal journalist said that _ _ _.,no one was / had been on the island during the volcanic eruptions,3. The thunderstorm will put out the fires. Local people said that _ _.,the thunderstorm would put out the fires,4. The residents can go back to their homes. The governor said that _ _. 5. Several eruptions have taken place in the last twenty years. A local radio station said that _ _ _.,the residents could go back to their homes,several eruptions had taken p