必修五unit1語法.ppt

1、This is a polluted river.,（過去分詞作定語）,It is a flooded village.,Grammar,一、過去分詞作 定語 1、構(gòu)成: v +ed 或不規(guī)則的變化動(dòng)詞 2. 過去分詞本身的含義: 不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，表示動(dòng)作的完成 fallen leaves 落葉 returned students 歸國留學(xué)生 newly-arrived visitors 新到的客人 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，表示被動(dòng)及動(dòng)作的完成。 the cold boiled water 冷開水 a developed country,3.位置： 單個(gè)過去分詞作前置定語 : a

2、 recently-built house home-grown vegetables man-made fibers 過去分詞短語作后置定語，表示被動(dòng)和或完成意義。 I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth The books written by Lu Xun are popular,a broken heart an organized trip,= a heart which is broken,= a trip which is organized,過去分詞作前置定語還是后置定語，都可轉(zhuǎn)換 為一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的定語從句。,the gi

3、rl dressed in white,=the girl who is dressed in white,the book written by Luxun,=the book which is written by Luxun, 過去分詞修飾 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代詞或指示代詞those時(shí)，要放在這些詞的后面。,He is one of those invited. Nothing reported in the newspaper will interest him. Is there

4、anything unsolved?,He visited the bridge built last year. The bridge to be built next year will be very large. Have you noticed the bridge being built now?,4. 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)形式 在句中都可做定語，表達(dá)被動(dòng)的含義，但時(shí)間意義上不同。,二、過去分詞作表語 1、過去分詞作表語，表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，其前的系動(dòng)詞有包括be在內(nèi)的多種形式。 e.g.：Everyone present is very inspir

5、ed at his speech 聽了他的發(fā)言，在場(chǎng)的所有人都很振奮。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了驚嚇。 Some problems still remained unsolved.,be動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞,1、be 動(dòng)詞 2、表示變化的動(dòng)詞:become, get, turn, go, grow等 3、感官動(dòng)詞:look, feel, smell, taste, sound等 4、還有 stay, keep, remain, turn out 等,（）作表語的過去分詞，被動(dòng)意味很弱，主要表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。,（）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去分詞，動(dòng)作意味很強(qiáng)，句

6、子主語為動(dòng)作的承受者，后常跟by短語。,2、過去分詞作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別：,The glass is broken. Our classroom is crowded,The glass was broken by Jack. The windows were closed by Tom last night.,現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞他們的區(qū)別,1.語態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞: 表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,過去分詞: 表示已經(jīng)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,2.時(shí)間上,現(xiàn)在分詞: 表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,過去分詞: 表示完成的意思,I heard someone opening the door . I heard the door ope

7、ned .,the falling leaves the fallen leaves,boiling water boiled water,the rising sun the risen sun,3. 現(xiàn)在分詞表示它所修飾的名詞或句子主語的特征、特性。 過去分詞表示它所修飾的名詞或句子主語的心理感受或狀態(tài)。,The news is exciting. We were excited to hear it.,總結(jié)過去分詞和V-ing形式的區(qū)別: 表主動(dòng)的，進(jìn)行的， 表特征-含有“令人”之意 表被動(dòng)的，完成的， 表狀態(tài)-含有“感到”之意,V-ing形式,過去分詞,amusing, amused;

8、 encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; astonishing, astonished等。,英語中這樣的分詞還有很多，如：,A. Nobody was in the story he told. B. The story he told was very . ( interested, interesting ) 2. A. Everybody was to hear the

9、 news. B. The news is very indeed. ( excited, exciting ) 3. A. The result of the test was rather . B. He was very at the result of the test. ( disappointed, disappointing ) 4. A. What he said was very . B. I was very at the sight. ( amused, amusing ),Fill in the blank with proper words.,interested,i

10、nteresting,excited,exciting,disappointing,disappointed,amusing,amused,過去分詞作定語和表語的區(qū)別: 定語 放在名詞和代詞的前面或后面 表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或被動(dòng)的 表語 放在be 動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞的后面 說明主語的狀態(tài)或構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài),Sum up,Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known,高考鏈接,B,解析：答案B。此處考查過去分

11、詞作后置定語，3M與know之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。,2. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded,高考鏈接,A,解析：答案A。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，disc與record之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示。,3. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with

12、 specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known,高考鏈接,D,解析：答案D。know與words，expressions，phrases構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。,4. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt,高考鏈接,B,解析：答案B。此處為

13、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾flowers。smell為系動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，相當(dāng)于which/that smells sweet。,2. The girl who is dressed in red is Kellys long-lost friend.= The girl _ is Kellys long-lost friend.,練習(xí)一 句型轉(zhuǎn)換,A thief stole the goat that was tired to the tree.=A thief stole the goat _ to the tree.,tired,dressed in red,3. The castle,

14、 which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt.= The castle, _ _, was never rebuilt.,burnt down in the sixteenth century,4. Father beat the son who was lost in the online games. =Father beat the son _ in the online games.,lost,5. The project, which was designed by the Chinese engi

15、neers, was constructed in only 2 year. = The project, _ _, was constructed in only 2 year.,designed by the chinese engineers,練習(xí)二 單句改錯(cuò),They were all amusing at what he said. He was very exciting to hear the news that their team had won. The situation was a bit discouraged. Two pages in this dictionar

16、y are missed. Your mother is quite worrying about your stare of health.,As is known to us all, traveling is _, but we often feel _ when we are back from travels. A. interesting; tiredB. interested; tiringC. interesting; tiringD. interested; tired,A,練習(xí)三 單選,2. Hearing the _ news, we all felt _. A. enc

17、ouraging, encouraging, B. encouraged, encouraged C. encouraged, encouraging D. encouraging, encouraged,D,3. From the dates _ on the gold coin, it is confirmed that was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked,B,4. The _ look in her face suggested that s

18、he _ it before. surprising, wouldnt know surprised, hadnt known surprising, hadnt known surprised, shouldnt know,B,5. The picture writing _ long long ago is hard for us to understand today. having been drawn B. being drawn C. was drawn D. drawn,D,6. The man _ there is my uncle. A. seat B. seating C.

19、 to seat D. seated,D,7. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. written D. being written,C,Practice,1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. be

20、en bought D. buying,2. With a lot of different problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,B,C,3. Dont use words, expressions or phrase _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known

21、 D. known,4. When I got back, I saw a message to the door “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.” A. pin, read B. pinning, reading C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read,D,C,5、A boy Jack won the game. A boy himself Jack won the game. A. calling B. called,A,6、Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited,