漢英翻譯課件.ppt

1、Chinese-English Translation Course漢英翻譯理論與實(shí)踐,Teaching objectives,(1) To have a general understanding of T from C-E (2) To understand how Chinese traditional culture influences the process of T (3) To make T accurate ,smooth and fluent,(4) To master the basic principles and methods of the C-E translat

2、ion so as to make highly concise, accurate and equivalent translations,Course Book,Course Book(s): 1）Main textbooks： A New Coursebook on Chinese-English Translation Shang Hai Foreign Language Education press,2) References A collegiate Course in Chinese-English translation Shang Dong University press

3、,Course Contents and Teaching Plan: The present course consists of theories and practices of translation. The theories will be directed to an introduction to various theories of C-E translation, focusing on the studies of various C-E translating principles and methods, and developing an awareness of

4、 process of C-E translation.,Unit one,C-E Translation Principles,漢語譯成地道英語的難度，出現(xiàn)各種各樣的缺失：“中國式”英語（解決辦法，閱讀大量原作，觀察、揣摩、總結(jié)并模仿英語的特點(diǎn)、規(guī)律和表達(dá)方法）。,1 Three principles,1) T must comply with E grammar Three major structures,Structure one a. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu) (S+V+P) Examples: a) 人類在地球上已存在多久了？ How long has man been on earth?,b)

5、 牛奶變酸了。 Milk turns sour.,b. There be結(jié)構(gòu) (表示存在有的概念，seem (appear) to be, seem, appear, arise, come,計(jì)算機(jī)有點(diǎn)毛病。 There is something wrong with the computer.,b) 隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和國防事業(yè)的發(fā)展，對(duì)通信提出了新的要求。 As our national economy and national defense develop, there arises a new demand for communications.,c) 從理論上講，供應(yīng)這么多水似乎不成問題

6、。 In theory there seems to be no problem in supplying this amount of water.,c. 主-謂-賓結(jié)構(gòu) (S+ V+O) a)主謂(SV)(主語不及物動(dòng)詞) 車輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。 Wheels turn. b) 主謂賓 人們轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)車輪。people turn weels,c) 主謂賓(SVO) 1)我昨天看了一部電影。 2)你讀過這個(gè)故事嗎? 3)他們很容易找到他們的家。,d) 主謂賓賓補(bǔ)(SVOC) 1)他們使這個(gè)女孩生氣了。 2)我發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。 3)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)沙地上有腳印。 4)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那天她心緒不寧。 5)他們感到汽車行駛得很快。

7、 6)人們聞到食物燒焦的味道。,2) T must be in compliance with English usage and avoid chinglish.,貧窮,大小,Big “Each word when used in a new context is a new word.” ( J. R. Firth, 1890- 1960),（1）specific wording (用詞要具體） Chinese: vague, general English: concrete, exact 例1 要在不到十年中實(shí)現(xiàn)小康目標(biāo)，任務(wù)是很艱難的，因?yàn)橹袊丝诒姸啵鬃颖?，各地發(fā)展不平衡。 譯文

8、Given Chinas huge population, low economic starting level and uneven development in different parts of the country, a relatively comfortable standard of living will not be easy to reach before the next century.,例2 他出去了；母親和我卻嘆息他的景況：多子、饑荒、苛稅、兵、匪、官、紳，都苦得他像一個(gè)木偶人了。 譯文 After he had gone out, Mother and I

9、both shook our heads over his hard life: many children, famines, taxes, soldiers, bandits, officials and landed gentry, all had squeezed him as dry as a mummy.,（2）exaggeration （避免過度夸張） 1 )世界上公認(rèn)他是最偉大的政治家（社論）。 * He is everybodys choice as the worlds greatest statesman. He is generally acknowledged as

10、the worlds greatest statesman. 2)和這里的人們一樣，他也喜歡吃土豆。 *Like all people here, he likes to eat potatoes. Like most people here, he likes to eat potatoes.,3） 漢字在歷史上有過不可磨滅的功績。 The system of Chinese characters has played an invaluable role in our history. 4）該市的人都贊成。 Almost everyone in the city is in favour

11、of it.,5）我們的目的，一定能夠達(dá)到。 Our goal will be attained. 6）今年我省在引進(jìn)工作方面又取得了重大成就。 Much more fruitful work has been done in our province this year in importing advanced technology and equipment and in attracting,（3） narrow and broad meaning (詞的狹義和廣義） 例1 農(nóng)林牧副漁相結(jié)合的方針 譯文 the principle of combining farming, fores

12、try, animal husbandry, side-occupations and fishery 例2 農(nóng)業(yè)是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)。 譯文 Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy.,（4） words collocation (注意詞的搭配） 學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí) learn knowledge 嚴(yán)密控制 close control 一張好票 a good ticket 強(qiáng)硬政策 strong policy 完成任務(wù) finish a task 交通擁擠 The traffic is crowded,4.1 habitual colloc

13、ation(慣用搭配） 學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí) acquire / attain knowledge （而非 learn knowledge ） 嚴(yán)密控制 strict / rigid control （而非 close control ） 一張好票 a good seat （而非 a good ticket ） 強(qiáng)硬政策 tough policy （而非 strong policy ） 完成任務(wù) fulfill a task （而非 finish a task ） 交通擁擠 The traffic is heavy / busy .( 而非 The traffic is crowded.),價(jià)格很貴 /

14、便宜 The price is expensive / cheap. 把中國建設(shè)成一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的國家 to build China into a powerful country 根據(jù)某人的意見according to sbs opinion 贏了某人 win sb 歡迎你來北京Welcome you to Beijing.) 換件新衣服 to change a new dress),價(jià)格很貴 / 便宜 The price is high / low. The price is expensive / cheap. ) 把中國建設(shè)成一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的國家 to turn / transform China

15、 into a powerful country (而非 to build China into a powerful country ) 根據(jù)某人的意見 according to sb. / in sb.s opinion (而非 according to sb.s opinion ) 贏了某人 beat sb. (而非 win sb. ) 歡迎你來北京 Welcome to Beijing. (而非Welcome you to Beijing.) 換件新衣服 to change the old dress for a new one (而非 to change a new dress),4

16、.2 grammatical collocation （語法搭配） 1）英語當(dāng)中有些動(dòng)詞后面直接跟賓語，而無需像漢語那樣加上介詞。 為人民服務(wù) serve for the people 與結(jié)婚 to marry with sb 跟離婚 to divorce with sb 在地震中幸存下來 to survive in the earthquake,為人民服務(wù) serve the people (而非 serve for the people ) 與結(jié)婚 to marry sb. (而非 to marry with sb. ) 跟離婚 to divorce sb. (而非 to divorce

17、with sb. ) 在地震中幸存下來 to survive the earthquake (而非 to survive in the earthquake ),2) “抓、打、拍、拉的身體部位” ：動(dòng)詞+某人+介詞+具體部位 拍的肩膀 to slap sb. on the shoulder 抓的胳膊 to seize sb. by the arm 打的頭 to strike sb. on the head 打的眼睛/ 胸口/ 肚子 to strike sb. in the eye / the breast / the belly,3) 在表示“搶奪、剝奪、解除”等意義時(shí)，習(xí)慣搭配是：動(dòng)詞+某

18、人+of +具體內(nèi)容 搶奪的手表 to rob sb. of sb.s watch 剝奪最基本的權(quán)利 to deprive sb. of his most basic rights,（5）synonym （近義詞的選擇） 例1 “笑” 微笑-smile 大笑-laugh 露齒而笑-grin 吃吃地笑-giggle 傻笑-chortle 竊笑-snigger 狂笑-roar 輕聲笑-chuckle,例2 “走” 走-walk 踱步-pace 蹣跚學(xué)步-stagger 溜達(dá)-stroll 大踏步走-stride 跋涉-trudge 徘徊-wander,例3懷疑的、可疑的,例4哭,cry,weep,

19、sob,blubber,wail,泣不成聲,暗暗哭泣,哭,孩子放聲大哭,慟哭,例5 “羨慕、嫉妒” 1) 學(xué)生們很羨慕他的博學(xué)。 Students admire him for his wide range of knowledge. 2) 安有了一個(gè)非常好的工作，我很羨慕她，而湯姆很嫉妒安，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為他本應(yīng)該得當(dāng)那份工作。 Ann has got a very nice job- I envy her and Tom is jealous of Ann because he thinks that he should have got the job.,（6） negative 漢語傾向于多

20、用動(dòng)詞，因而敘述呈動(dòng)態(tài)(dynamic).,1）名詞化(Nominalization)是英語常見的現(xiàn)象 醫(yī)生迅速到達(dá)，并非常仔細(xì)地檢查了病人，因此病人很快就康復(fù)了。 The doctors extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery.,2) 用名詞表示施事者(Agentive noun)，以代替動(dòng)詞。 eg.1他能吃能睡。 He is a good eater and a good sleeper. 2 他既不抽煙

21、。 He was a nonsmoker 。 。,3）名詞連用 1 British history teachers: (A) teachers of British history 教英國歷史的教師 (B) British teachers of history 教歷史的英國教師 2 a small car factory: (A) a factory of small cars 制造小汽車的工廠 (B) a small factory of cars 制造轎車的小工廠,2. 抽象與具體(Abstract vs. Concrete),English abstract,Chinese conc

22、rete,1.雨無情地下個(gè)不停，我感到驚異。 I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain.,2)在決策過程中，他已經(jīng)不那么拋頭露面了。 He had surfaced with less visibility in the policy decisions.,3）他探討了偉大和杰出的涵義。 He discussed greatness and excellence.,4）這時(shí)人們指責(zé)他裝聾作啞。 He was open now to charges of willful blindness.,3. 物稱與人稱(Impersona

23、l vs. Personal),English impersonal,Chinese personal,1)她獨(dú)處時(shí)便感到一種特殊的安寧。 A strange peace came over her when she was alone.,2)我們沒有聽到任何聲音。 Not a sound reached our ears.,3）這幾天我的心里頗為不寧靜。 These days have found me very restless.,4. 形合與意合(Hypotactic vs. Paratactic),English Hypotactic / hypotaxis （形合法）,Chinese

24、 Paratactic / parataxis （意合法）,Hypotaxis - The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives, for example, I shall despair if you dont come. (The American Heritage Dictionary) Parataxis - The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. Example: The rain fell; the river flooded; the house washed away. ( The World Book Dictionary),：,1)過了一些時(shí)候，從遠(yuǎn)方傳來了消息：在小銅球墜落的當(dāng)天，確實(shí)發(fā)生了地震。這一切終于得到了澄清。 All was cleared up some time later when news came from a distant place that an earthquake wa