高三專題復(fù)習(xí)攻略安徽版英語第一部分專題.ppt

1、專題三閱讀理解,專題三閱讀理解,精華考點百度,考點一細節(jié)理解題,(2011年高考山東卷D) Since the 1970s，scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Braincomputer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.,Recently，two researchers，Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from

2、 the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne，Switzerland，demonstrated (展示) a small robotic wheelchair directed by a persons thoughts.,In the laboratory，Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with

3、his thoughts. “Our brain has billions of nerve cells.These send signals through the spinal cord (脊髓) to the muscles to give us the ability to move.But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles，”Tavella says.“Our system allows disable

4、d people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”,The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp (頭皮) and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.The wheelchair

5、 also has two cameras that identify objects in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain.,Prof.Millan，the team leader，says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands.“The practical possibilities that BCI te

6、chnology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories：communication，and controlling devices.One example is this wheelchair.”,He says his team has set two goals.One is testing with real patients，so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.And the other is to guarantee

7、 that they can use the technology over long periods of time.,【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了Jose Millan和Michele Tavella利用Braincomputer interface(BCI)technology制作的由人的意念控制的輪椅以及其工作原理等。,71BCI is a technology that can _. Ahelp to update computer systems Blink the human brain with computers Chelp the disabled to recover Dc

8、ontrol a persons thoughts,解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的.scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers.Braincomputer interface (BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.可知選B。,72How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory? ABy controlli

9、ng his muscles. BBy talking to the machine. CBy moving his hand. DBy using his mind.,解析：選D。細節(jié)理解題。由第三段內(nèi)容.Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand.He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.可知選D。,73Which of the following sho

10、ws the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5? Ascalpcomputercap wheelchair Bcomputercapscalpwheelchair Cscalpcapcomputerwheelchair Dcapcomputerscalpwheelchair 解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。由第五段前三句可知選C。,74The team will test with real patients to _. Amake profits from them Bprove the technology useful to them Cm

11、ake them live longer Dlearn about their physical condition 解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的One is testing with real patients，so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from.可知選B。,75Which of the following would be the best title for the text? ASwitzerland，the BCI Research Center BNew Findings about

12、 How the Human Brain Works CBCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled DRobotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries,解析：選C。標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了BCI是如何幫助殘疾人的。故選C。,細節(jié)理解題旨在考查學(xué)生對文章中具體細節(jié)的辨識能力。細節(jié)理解題的提問方式靈活多樣，可涉及文章中的各種具體細節(jié)，如時間、地點、結(jié)果、原因、方式等。大體可以分為直接理解題(通常在原文中可以直接找到答案)和語義轉(zhuǎn)換題(通常將題目信息與原文信息進行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，備選項一般

13、是同義詞或詞組重新敘述)。,1細節(jié)理解題的設(shè)題方式： (1)Which of the following statements is (not) true according to the passage? (2)Which of the following is(not)discussed/mentioned in the passage? (3)According to the passage，what/where/which/who/why/when /how_？,(4)How many/How much_？ (5)Which is the right order of the even

14、ts given in the passage?,2解題技巧： (1)首先從問題中找出關(guān)鍵詞，然后以此為線索，運用略讀及查找的技巧在文中迅速查找這一細節(jié)，找到后再把這一部分內(nèi)容仔細閱讀一遍，仔細比較所給選項與文中細節(jié)一點一滴的區(qū)別，在準確理解細節(jié)的前提下，最后確定最佳答案。 (2)略讀材料，初步了解原文，掌握文章的中心或主旨。,(3)按文章的體裁，作者寫作的組織模式及有關(guān)的信息詞，如for example，first，second等預(yù)測所需要的事實應(yīng)該在何處。 (4)將精力放在尋找所需要的細節(jié)上，快速通讀跳讀，眼睛自左向右，自上向下呈Z形掃視，直到找到細節(jié)出處，待找到含細節(jié)的句子時，就要放慢速

15、度，仔細核對比較內(nèi)容，直到找到答案。做題時注意細節(jié)題的對應(yīng)性、準確性和區(qū)分性，切忌斷章取義，過早下結(jié)論。,(5)細節(jié)理解題所涉及的面很廣，有的需要經(jīng)過簡單的數(shù)字運算確定時間、距離、詞數(shù)、數(shù)量等；有的涉及正誤判斷；有的詢問事實、原因、結(jié)果、目的等。,考點二推理判斷題,(2011年高考福建卷D) Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world，yet when she went to work as an editor in the last two decades of her l

16、ife，she revealed (展現(xiàn))herself as she did nowhere else.,After the death of her second husband，Greek shipping magnate (巨頭) Aristotle Onassis，Jacquelines close friend and former White House social secretary Letitia Baldrige made a suggestion that she consider a career (職業(yè)) in publishing.After considerat

17、ion，Jacqueline accepted it.Perhaps she hoped to find there some ideas about how to live her own life.She became not less but more interested in reading.,For the last 20 years of her life，Jacqueline worked as a publishers editor，first at Viking，then at Doubleday，pursuing (追求) a latelife career longer

18、 than her two marriages combined.During her time in publishing，she was responsible for managing and editing more than 100 successfully marketed books.Among the first books were In the Russian Style and Inventive Paris Clothes.She also succeeded in persuading TV hosts Bill Moyers and Joseph Campbell

19、to transform their popular television conversations into a book，,The Power of Myth.The book went on to become an international bestseller.She dealt，too，with Michael Jackson as he prepared his autobiography (自傳)，Moonwalk.,Jacqueline may have been hired for her name and for her social relations，but sh

20、e soon proved her worth.Her choices，suggestions and widespread social relations were of benefit both to the publishing firms and to Jacqueline herself.In the books she selected for publication，she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind

21、.,Her books are the autobiography she never wrote.Her role as First Lady，in the end，was overshadowed by her performance as an editor.However，few knew that she had achieved so much.,【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述Jacqueline在選擇了編輯這一職業(yè)后所做出的成就。在這一行業(yè)里她的光芒甚至壓過了她作為第一夫人的頭銜。,68We can learn from the passage that Jacqueline _. A

22、became fond of reading after working as an editor Bwas in charge of publishing 100 books Cpromoted her books through social relations Dgained a lot from her career as an editor,解析：選D。推理判斷題。由文章內(nèi)容可知，在第二任丈夫去世后，朋友推薦Jacqueline考慮在出版業(yè)謀一職位，之后她在此行業(yè)取得了成功，故D項正確。,69The underlined sentence in the last paragraph

23、probably means that _. AJacqueline ended up as an editor rather than as First Lady BJacquelines life as First Lady was more colorful than as an editor CJacqueline was more successful as an editor than as First Lady DJacquelines role as First Lady was more brilliant than as an editor,解析：選C。句意理解題。解本題的

24、關(guān)鍵在于正確理解overshadow一詞。通讀全文可知，Jacqueline作為編輯取得了巨大成功，光芒超過了她第一夫人的頭銜，故C項正確。,70What can be inferred from the passage? AJacquelines two marriages lasted more than 20 years. BJacquelines own publishing firm was set up eventually. CJacquelines views and beliefs were reflected in the books she edited. DJacque

25、lines achievements were widely known.,解析：選C。推理判斷題。由文章最后一段第三句In the books she selected for publication，she built on a lifetime of spending time by herself as a reader and left a record of the growth of her mind.可知她的一些個人觀點在自己編輯的書中有所表露，故C項正確。,71The passage is mainly _. Aan introduction of Jacquelines l

26、ife both as First Lady and as an editor Ba brief description of Jacquelines lifelong experiences Ca brief account of Jacquelines career as an editor in her last 20 years Dan analysis of Jacquelines social relations in publishing,解析：選C。主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述Jacqueline在她生命中最后的20年里，作為一名編輯所取得的成就，故C項正確。,推理判

27、斷題，是閱讀理解中難度較大的一類題型。旨在考查考生根據(jù)已知信息進行判斷、推理以得出合理結(jié)論的能力。與其他題型相比，這類題的答案通常不能從原文中直接找到，而要經(jīng)過分析、推理、判斷才能獲得。這類題型要求考生能夠通過表面的文字敘述“讀出”隱藏在字里行間的深層含義。,1推理判斷題的設(shè)題形式： (1)It can be inferred from the passage that. (2)We may infer that. (3)The story implies that. (4)From the passage we can conclude that. (5)It can be conclude

28、d that. (6)Which point of view may the author agree to?,2推斷題包括數(shù)據(jù)推斷題、知識推斷題、邏輯結(jié)論推斷題和作者態(tài)度、傾向的推斷題。 數(shù)據(jù)推斷題關(guān)鍵是要善于捕捉有關(guān)數(shù)字的信息，然后在透徹理解原文的字面意義和題意的基礎(chǔ)上，運用自己的數(shù)學(xué)知識，對其進行分析、推算，從而得出正確的結(jié)論。邏輯結(jié)論推斷題嚴格根據(jù)文章中所闡述的事實、論點、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，不能根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗、態(tài)度、觀點或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。,3解題技巧： (1)判斷有據(jù)，推論有理，忠實原文。切忌用自己的觀點代替作者的本意。 (2)全面分析所有相關(guān)

29、信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。 (3)善于揣摩作者思路，盡可能與作者的思路吻合。 (4)不可直接選取文中的原句。,考點三詞義猜測題,(2011年高考江西卷C) The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (18501928)After immigrating from England to the USA，and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer，he moved to Chicago，where he saw the reconstruct

30、ion of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871.,In those days，it was nicknamed “the Garden City”，almost certainly the source of Howards name for his later building plan of towns.Returning to London，Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s，drawing on ideas that were popular at the time，b

31、ut creating a unique combination of designs.,The nineteenthcentury poor city was in many ways a terrible place，dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities.At the same time，the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature，it suf

32、fered from agricultural depression (蕭條)and it offered neither enough work and wages，nor much social life.Howards idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement，,the garden city.Howards idea was that a group of people should set up a company，borrowing money to establish

33、a garden city in the depressed countryside，far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.,Garden cities would provide a central public open space，radial avenues and connecting industries.They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt，also own

34、ed by the company，containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions.As more and more people moved in，the garden city would reach its planned limitHoward suggested 32,000 people；then，another would be started a short distance away.,Thus，over time，there would develop a vast planned hous

35、e collection，extending almost without limit; within it，each garden city would offer a wide range of jobs and services，but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system，thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.,【解題導(dǎo)語】本文敘述了the Garden City的創(chuàng)建。詳細介

36、紹了其名稱的由來、創(chuàng)建過程中遇到的問題及其發(fā)展前景。,66How did Howard get the name for his building plan of garden cities? AThrough his observation of the country life. BThrough the combination of different ideas. CBy taking other peoples advice. DBy using the nickname of the reconstructed Chicago.,解析：選D。細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的In those

37、 days，it was nicknamed“the Garden City”，almost certainly the source of Howards name for his later building plan of towns.可知D項正確。,67The underlined phrase “drawing on” in Paragraph 1 probably means _. Amaking use of Bmaking comments on Cgiving an explanation of Dgiving a description of,解析：選A。詞義猜測題。由第一

38、段中的.Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s，drawing on ideas that were popular at the time.可知“Howard利用當時比較流行的理念完善發(fā)展了自己的設(shè)計”，因此，drawing on意為“利用”，與making use of 意義相同。making comments on對作出評價；giving an explanation of對作出解釋；giving a description of對進行描述。,68According to Howard，garden cities should

39、 be built _. Aas far as possible from existing cities Bin the countryside where the land was cheap Cin the countryside where agriculture was developed Dnear cities where employment opportunities already existed,解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的Howards idea.far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land

40、 was bought at the bottom price.可知B項正確。,69What can we learn about garden cities from the last paragraph? ATheir number would continue to rise. BEach one would continue to become larger. CPeople would live and work in the same place. DEach one would contain a certain type of business.,解析：選A。推理判斷題。由最后

41、一段我們可以了解到花園城市的數(shù)量會越來越多，并通過便捷的交通運輸系統(tǒng)相互連接。由此可以推斷出A項正確。,70What could be the best title for the passage? ACity and Countryside BThe Invention of the Garden City CA New City in Chicago DA Famous Garden City in England 解析：選B。主旨大意題。全文主要講述了the garden city的發(fā)明。,詞義猜測題旨在考查學(xué)生正確理解單詞、短語或句子的能力。這要求考生運用所學(xué)語法知識并根據(jù)上下文對單詞

42、、短語或句子進行分析，推測出它們在文章中的特定含義。大體上可以分為三類：詞義辨析題；詞義轉(zhuǎn)述題；詞義指代題。,1詞義猜測題的題干形式： (1)The phrase “.”could be replaced by_. (2)The word “.” in the paragraph refers to_. (3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph？/What does the underlined word mean? (4)Which of the following is the closest in mea

43、ning to the phrase “.”？ (5)Which of the following words can take the place of the word “.”？,2解題技巧： 詞義猜測題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測詞義和語義的能力，突出考查對語境的分析和把握能力。常見的猜詞法有： (1)利用上下文語境。猜測任何詞義都離不開上下文，所以要借助上下文對需要猜測的詞或短語進行合乎邏輯的推測。 (2)利用定義或解釋性的線索。閱讀文章中的有些生詞往往在其后會有對該詞進行解釋說明的短語或句子，利用它們猜詞義較容易。,(3)利用文章的邏輯關(guān)系答題。如并列、對比、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。這些邏輯

44、關(guān)系往往通過一些相應(yīng)的詞或短語表達出來，如but，or，however，so，because等。 (4)利用構(gòu)詞法知識答題。熟記一些前綴、后綴所表達的意思，不僅可以擴大詞匯量，而且?guī)椭覀儾聹y詞義。,考點四主旨大意題,(2011年高考課標全國卷C) Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husbands income.So this year she did something more than a hobby：She planted vegetables in her yard.For her first garden，Ms.Fee

45、ley has put in 15 tomato plants，and five rows of a variety of vegetables.The familys old farm house has become a chicken house，its residents arriving next month.Last year，Ms.Rita Gartin kept a small garden.,This year she has made it much larger because，she said，“The cost of everything is going up an

46、d I was looking to lose a few pounds，too；so its a winwin situation all around.”,They are among the growing number of Americans who，driven by higher living costs and a falling economy (經(jīng)濟)，have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time.Others have increased the size of their existing gardens.Se

47、ed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home.Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months.In Austin，Tex.，some of the gardens have a threeyear waiting list.,George CBall Jr.，owner of a compa

48、ny，said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40% over last year，double the average growth of the last five years.Mr.Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years.The big one is the striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk，together with the incre

49、ases in the price of fruits and vegetables.Food prices have increased because of higher oil prices.People are now driving less，taking fewer vacations，so there is more time to garden.,【解題導(dǎo)語】美國經(jīng)濟的下滑給人們的日常生活帶來了很大影響，特別是蔬菜、水果以及燃油價格飆升，由此人們搶購菜園，種植谷蔬，節(jié)約開支，爭取雙贏。并且蔬菜種植在美國變得越來越受歡迎。,64What does the word “reside

50、nts” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? AChickens. BTomatoes. CGardens. DPeople.,解析：選A。詞義猜測題。由第一段中的The familys old farm house has become a chicken house，its residents arriving next month.可知：家里的舊農(nóng)舍已被改成雞舍，它的“居民”下個月就搬來。不難推出residents就是指chickens。其他三項“西紅柿”，“花園”，“人們”均不符合題意。,65Why is vegetable gardening beco

51、ming increasingly popular? AMore Americans are doing it for fun. BThe price of oil is lower than before. CTheres a growing need for fruits. DThe cost of living is on the rise.,解析：選D。推理判斷題。通讀全文不難推知：由于各種費用的提高，人們才爭購菜園來種植谷蔬，以節(jié)省開支，故種菜才普及起來。,66Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A

52、Family Food Planning BBanking on Gardening CA Belttightening Move DGardening as a Hobby,解析：選B。主旨大意題。文章主要講述了美國人為應(yīng)對經(jīng)濟滑坡引起的生活費用的提高而用自己種菜的方式來渡過難關(guān)一事，故B項最合適。bank on意為“依靠，指望”。C項“勒緊褲腰帶行動”與文章大意相差甚遠。,主旨大意題旨在考查考生通過閱讀歸納文章中心意思的能力。可分為主題型、目的型和標題型，即找中心(Main Idea)、推斷作者的寫作意圖(Purpose)、選擇最佳的標題(Title)。要做好這類題目，考生必須學(xué)會區(qū)分主要

53、信息和次要信息；既要看到樹木，又要看到森林；既要弄清一詞一句，又要通讀全文，通篇理解。,1主旨大意題常見的命題方式有： (1)What is the passage mainly about? (2)What is the main idea of the text? (3)What can be the best title for the text/passage? (4)Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?,2常用的掌握大意的方法有： (1)抓主題句歸納大意。說明文、議論文、新聞報道、科技文獻等文章

54、的主題大意通常出現(xiàn)在文章第一段，抓住了主題句也就抓住了文章的中心。有時主題句也會出現(xiàn)在文章的中間或結(jié)尾。因此仔細閱讀這類文章的首尾句是關(guān)鍵。 (2)歸納分析抓大意。有些文章如記敘文、夾敘夾議文通常是先擺出事實，然后或記敘或論證，最后得出結(jié)論，即文章的主題。,(3)抓住高頻詞。任何一篇文章都是圍繞一個主題展開的，因此文章中會反復(fù)出現(xiàn)一個中心詞，即高頻詞，抓住了它，也就抓住了文章的中心。,考點五觀點態(tài)度題,(2011年高考天津卷B) In the fall of 1985，I was a brighteyed girl heading off to Howard University，aiming

55、 at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere.Twentyone years later I am still a brighteyed dreamer and one with quite a different tale to tell.,My grandma，an amazing woman，graduated from college at the age of 65.She was the first in our family to reach that goal.But

56、one year after I started college，she developed cancer.I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her.It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait.,Then I got married with another dream：building my family with a combination of adopted and biological children.In 1999，we ad

57、opted our first son.To lay eyes on him was fantasticand very emotional.A year later came our second adopted boy.Then followed son No.3.In 2003，I gave birth to another boy.,You can imagine how fully occupied I became，raising four boys under the age of 8！Our home was a complete zooa joyous zoo.Not sur

58、prising，I never did make it back to college fulltime.But I never gave up on the dream either.I had only one choice：to find a way.That meant talking as few as one class each semester.,The hardest part was feeling guilty about the time I spent away from the boys.They often wanted me to stay home with

59、them.There certainly were times I wanted to quit，but I knew I should set an example for them to follow through the rest of their lives. In 2007，I graduated from the University of North Carolina.It took me over 21 years to get my college degree!,I am not special，just singleminded.It always struck me that when youre looking at a big challenge from the outside it looks huge，but when youre in the midst of it，it just seems normal.Everything you want wont arrive in yo