英語(yǔ)發(fā)音與正音4.ppt

1、,英語(yǔ)的發(fā)音與正音,上節(jié)課內(nèi)容回顧,對(duì)言語(yǔ)節(jié)奏的劃分，主要有兩種： _計(jì)時(shí)節(jié)奏（stress-timed rhythm)和_計(jì)時(shí)節(jié)奏（syllable-timed rhythm) 2._語(yǔ)中的每一句話都是輕重音交替出現(xiàn)。其中，_音為主體。 3.正常的英語(yǔ)言語(yǔ)交流中，每句話的_與_之間總保持著大致相等的時(shí)間距離。所以說(shuō)話過(guò)程中就會(huì)用各種方法調(diào)整。,關(guān)于英語(yǔ)重音的發(fā)音練習(xí),有兩個(gè)句子重音的句子 1. Just ask. Ask him for a dog. 2. Please wait Wait for an hour. 3. Take mine. Take it with mine. 4. Go

2、 now. Go with him now. 5.Think hard. We were thinking for an excuse.,有3個(gè)句子重音的句子 1.Tom goes home. Thomson was going home. 2.Pat speaks fast. Pat was speaking at speed. 3.Sam works hard. Samson was working like a dog. 4.Waiters look smart. The waiters at the party were smart. 5. Jack dances well. Jack

3、 was dancing on the stage.,漢英語(yǔ)音系統(tǒng)在音渡方面的特點(diǎn)和差別,關(guān)于音渡（juncture) 音渡指談話中語(yǔ)音銜接的方式和界限。 由于銜接方式和銜接點(diǎn)的不同，在一些情況下可以使語(yǔ)義不同，從而起到區(qū)別語(yǔ)義的音位的作用，所以“音渡”也可以被認(rèn)為是一種超音段音位。比如：,有四個(gè)重音的句子 1.He wrote plays last year. He was trying to finish it yesterday morning. 2. Sue tried very hard. Susan was trying desperately to win. 3. Steve m

4、oved the books out. Steven was moving his books to the school. 4.Tell May to come early. I was telling Mr Mason to come to our class. 5. Dave won all the titles. David was winning most of the titles.,本節(jié)課的授課目標(biāo),漢英語(yǔ)在音渡方面的差異 英語(yǔ)的連讀,that stuff 和thats tough. 從音系轉(zhuǎn)寫(xiě)的角度，兩者是相同的。但說(shuō)話時(shí)的一些語(yǔ)音變化能將其區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。 說(shuō)stuff時(shí)，/s/的

5、發(fā)音力度強(qiáng)，且/t/不送氣；而說(shuō)thats tough時(shí)，/s/較弱，/t/送氣。但是在快速說(shuō)話的過(guò)程中，二者的區(qū)別可能消失，因此只形成潛在的對(duì)立。,開(kāi)音渡和閉音渡,閉音渡：指一個(gè)詞中沒(méi)有停頓的音與音間的過(guò)渡。比如:syntax 開(kāi)音渡：指一個(gè)詞中短暫的停頓。該停頓通常用/+/表示，因此也叫 “加音渡”.(plus juncture) 比如： Wait till evening and make your call at the night-rate. It contains a lot of sodium nitrate. That type of pottery-decoration is

6、 called, after its discoverer, the Nye trait.,通俗的說(shuō)法是：閉音渡之間沒(méi)有，或者聽(tīng)不出什么中斷（break)或停頓（pause)；而加音渡則意味著兩個(gè)音之間有中斷或停頓。,關(guān)于“加音渡”的發(fā)音練習(xí),A nice man ; an ice man Pea stalks; peace talks It sprays , its praise I laid; Ill aid I scream; ice cream Well own; we loan Case said; Kay said Use park; you spark Why choose; w

7、hite shoes How strained; house tranied,漢、英語(yǔ)在音渡方面的比較,漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)的詞、句雖然都是由音節(jié)組成，但在說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)流中，音節(jié)與音節(jié)之間，詞與詞之間的銜接方式卻不同。 在英語(yǔ)的談話中，連續(xù)出現(xiàn)的音節(jié)圓滑而沒(méi)有間斷。聽(tīng)不出音節(jié)與音節(jié)之間，詞與詞之間的分界線。尤其是輔音收尾的詞，總是跟后面元音起頭的詞連起來(lái)，成為一連串的音。比如：ran out; Take it again.,借用音樂(lè)的術(shù)語(yǔ)，英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)流屬于連奏音。（legato) 英語(yǔ)發(fā)音之所以形成連續(xù)音，主要是因?yàn)椋?英語(yǔ)的元音是真元音，發(fā)元音時(shí)前頭沒(méi)任何東西，所以容易跟輔音結(jié)尾的詞連起來(lái)。,借用音樂(lè)的術(shù)語(yǔ)

8、來(lái)說(shuō)，漢語(yǔ)的音渡形式近似斷奏音（staccato),也就是說(shuō)，在連續(xù)的語(yǔ)流中，總是以斷奏音的方式，把一句話分為一個(gè)個(gè)音節(jié)念出來(lái)，而且每個(gè)音節(jié)都重讀。用這種方式讀英語(yǔ)，讓英美人聽(tīng)起來(lái)，就有一種很不順耳的jerky(急促跳簸）的感覺(jué)。,漢語(yǔ)之所以采取近似斷奏音的音渡方式，是因?yàn)?（1）漢語(yǔ)的音節(jié)大多數(shù)是以輔音開(kāi)頭，元音開(kāi)頭的很少。 （2）即使以元音開(kāi)頭，但是漢語(yǔ)中的元音很少有真元音，因此不可能與前頭詞尾的輔音連接起來(lái)。（漢語(yǔ)中唯一的例外是驚嘆詞 “啊”和“噢”,這兩個(gè)是真元音，因此不抗拒連音） 比如：棉襖；喵。西安；仙。,中國(guó)學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的問(wèn)題,我國(guó)學(xué)生在說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中，需要注意的，不是詞與詞之間

9、必須有分界線；相反，我們需要注意的，是如何學(xué)會(huì)把一句話中的詞平滑而沒(méi)有間斷的連起來(lái)念。因?yàn)槲覈?guó)的學(xué)生，尤其是初學(xué)者，由于手漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音結(jié)構(gòu)和發(fā)音習(xí)慣的影響，同時(shí)也受到英語(yǔ)書(shū)面教材中詞與詞之間必有空白的影響，所以朗誦英語(yǔ)句子時(shí)，通常是一個(gè)一個(gè)詞分開(kāi)念。因此需要加強(qiáng)的，往往是如何連讀（linking),連讀的種類(lèi) 1. 一個(gè)詞的最后一個(gè)輔音和相鄰詞的最前面的元音連讀： Im going to the post office. we are going to put it off. who is going to wash it? Can I offer him an apple? Im afraid

10、hes out.,2. 如果詞的末尾元音是/ /(倒寫(xiě)的e),后面又緊跟著一個(gè)元音，此時(shí)在中間加上/r/,進(jìn)行連讀。 That house is her own. Its on the corner of the street. Dont go out after eight. There are nine all together.,3.有時(shí)在兩個(gè)元音之間加上/r/. 有時(shí)在兩個(gè)元音之間加上/w/ /j/。 You are stepping on my /j/arms. can you /w/ask him to come back? will you come to the /j/offi

11、ce at nine? How /w/old is the boy? Is your hometown far away? Where are you going? Its going to clear up soon. would you like to share it?,4.如果兩個(gè)詞中間有多個(gè)輔音分開(kāi)，往往將其視為輔音群。 Lets come to the next topic. Give Vicky a job. Next, well mix sand together. Are they going to take it with them? we saw a big gap.,5

12、.一個(gè)單詞的結(jié)尾是/t/和/d/,緊鄰著的單詞以/j/開(kāi)頭，則改變其讀音為， Ill get you something new. Did you want to join us? Would you like a cup of coffee? Dont you like it? Cant you see the point? It doesnt fit you. what did you say? How did they find you?,關(guān)于連讀(linking）的練習(xí) did it like it stop it drive it catch it change it discuss

13、 it close it expect it open it,Stops at home lived at home girls in here doctors in here a lot of not a t all,He always turns on the radio. John was tired of reading. They arranged our programme. She washed al l of the dishes. Al l of the doctors are in their offices. Ill get you something new. Its

14、far away from here. You are stepping on my /j/arms. Will you come to the /j/office at nine? Can you /w/ask him to come back? How /w/old is the boy?,Who brings it up? Can I look at it? He looked at it in the window. Would you like to try it out? Im just out of sympathy. Come on in. Take only a little

15、 at a time. What did you say? Could you come with me? They need your help.,注意下面短文中的連讀 A: Good morning, what can I do for you? B: Im looking for a good watch. A: Then youve come to the right place. We have many makes and many kinds of watches. B: That sounds good. A: Is it for yourself? B: Yes, it is. Can I see some watches? A:I have a beautiful watch here, made just f