高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致詳解.ppt

1、在英語(yǔ)句子里，謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，其動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律，大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則，即語(yǔ)法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。,主謂一致,一、語(yǔ)法一致原則 語(yǔ)法上一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. What he said is very important for us all. The

2、 children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 注意：由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：What I bought were three English books. What I say and do is （are） helpful to you.,2. 由連接詞and或both and連接起來(lái)的合成主語(yǔ)后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：Lucy a

3、nd Lily are twins. She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 注意：（1）若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物或同一概念時(shí)，它后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：The writer and artist has come. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. （2）由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如

4、果分別有no， each， every more than a （an）/one ， many a （an）修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it.,3. 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語(yǔ)為

5、復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She， like you and Tom， is very tall.,4. either， neither， each， every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some， any， no， every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。如：Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is mat

6、ter. 若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如：None of us has （have） been to America.,5. 在定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that， who， which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其

7、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd,committee, population,audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意：people， police， cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police are looking for the lost child.,7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名詞

8、”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注意：a number of“許多”，作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of“的數(shù)量”，主語(yǔ)是number，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。,8. 在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如：There comes the bus. On

9、 the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.,二、邏輯意義一致原則 邏輯意義一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的意義一致（因有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)）。1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來(lái)決定。如：Which is your bag？ Which are your bags？ All is going well. All have gone to Beijing. 2. 表示“時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、

10、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語(yǔ)的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體。如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.,3. 若英語(yǔ)是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如：“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 4. 表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)“one and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式。如：One and a half apples is left on the table. 5. 算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)

11、看待，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.,6. 一些學(xué)科名詞是以 ics 結(jié)尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics 以及news， works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isnt easy to study. 7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoe

12、s，jeans 等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a （the） pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8. “定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 9.aircraft，deer ， fish ，means ，species ，series ，works ，sheep 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)根據(jù)意義決定如：The sheep is big. The sheep are eating grass.,11.a (large) quantit

13、y of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 如：A large quantity of people is needed here.,注意：quantities一般用復(fù)數(shù)。 如:Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table. 短語(yǔ)in quantity, in large quantities 意為 “大量”; in small quantities 意為“少量”。,10.population作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，當(dāng)涉及人口組成時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)。,12. a great deal of, a large amount of 修飾不可數(shù)

14、名詞, 其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù); large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞, 其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。 如:,A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.,三、就近一致原則 在英語(yǔ)句子中，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 1. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由either or， neither nor， whether or ， not only but also連接

15、時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right？,2. there be句型的be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 注意：Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。如：Here is a map and a handbook

16、for you.,1. Listening to loud music at rock concerts _caused hearing loss in some teenagers. （2010 湖南卷） A. is B. are C. has D. have 答案：C 解析：根據(jù)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，由此排除B、D兩項(xiàng)，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)與caused的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A項(xiàng)。,高考解析,2. Such poets as Shakespeare_widely read, of whose works，however, some_ difficult to understand. （

17、2010 四川卷） A. are；are B. is；is C. are；is D. is：are 答案：A 解析：主句中的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為poets,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，其后的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為some of whose works，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)。故選A。,3. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress. （2010 全國(guó)卷） A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn 答案：B 解析：首先the only one of 為先行詞時(shí)，定

18、語(yǔ)從句修飾的是one，即one是主語(yǔ)，而非后面的復(fù)數(shù)women，根據(jù)主謂一致的原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，排除A，D。另外，從is可以看出句子是要表示一種習(xí)慣，因此要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，排除C，故選A。,Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday A. was B. were C. has been D. have been 2. A woman with some children _ soon A. is coming B. are coming C. has come D. have come 3. Everything, inclu

19、ding the clothes, _ stolen that evening. A. is B. was C. are D. were,A,A,B,Choose the best answers.,4. No one except my parents _ anything about this. A. know B. knows C. is known D. are known 5. The teacher as well as the students _ the book already A. has read B. have read C. are reading D. is rea

20、ding 6. All but one _ in the accident A. was killed B. were killed C. will be killed D. are killed,A,B,B,7. One or two days _ enough to see the city A. are B. is C. am D. be 8. Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind A. is B. are C. am D. be 9. Not only I but a

21、lso Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another A. is B. are C. am D. be 10. Not the teacher, but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A. is B. are C. am D. be,B,C,B,B,11. The elderly who lost their children in the war _ good care of in the village now. A. has been tak

22、en B. were taken C. have been taken D. will be taken,12. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 13. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not de

23、cided,C,A,A,14. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 15. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A . is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 16. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth