被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)(最終版)ppt課件.ppt

1、,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),1,一、語(yǔ)態(tài) 語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示句子主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)，它和主語(yǔ)有兩種關(guān)系：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,2,e.g. 1.Many people speak English. （主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 句子的主語(yǔ)many people是 動(dòng)作speak的執(zhí)行者） 2. English is spoken by many people. （被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 句子的主語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)作 speak的承受者）,3,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be + done”構(gòu)成。與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一樣，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

2、也有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。,二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成,4,S(主語(yǔ))+am/ is/ are + done,三、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成,5,His brother washes bowls every day.,主,謂,賓(承受者),Bowls,are washed,by,his brother,every day.,四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),6,eg.They make shoes in that factory. 主語(yǔ) + 謂 + 賓語(yǔ),Shoes are made by them in that factory.,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： S(主語(yǔ)）+am/is /are +過(guò)去分詞,7,1. We u

3、se computers to search information. _ 2. The teacher often repeats the story. _,Computers are used to search information by us.,The story is often repeated by the teacher.,8,3. Bill looks after his cats carefully. _ 4. We dont often speak English at home. _,The cats are looked after carefully by Bil

4、l.,English isnt often spoken by us at home.,9,They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make these machines in Beijing.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers are often used by them

5、 in class.,These machines are made in Beijing.,10,Exercise,1.-Why does the earth look blue in space？ -Because most of the earths surface _ by water Acovers Bis covered CcoverDare covered 2. -As China grows stronger and stronger，Chinese _ in more and more schools out of our country AteachesBtaught Ci

6、s taughtDwas taught,3. Dont smoke here, Dad. Smoking _ in public places. isnt allowed B.arent allowed C. doesnt allow 4. Every day, too much water in our school. We should save it. is wasted B. wastes C. was wasted D. wasted 5. Have you heard of the song Little Apple? -Yes. It _every morning when ag

7、ed people do square dancing downstairs. A. is played B. plays C. was played D. played,11,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句式變化,12,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的肯定句：,否定句： English isnt spoken by us.,主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的肯定句： We speak English.,一般疑問(wèn)句： Is English spoken by us?,肯定回答： Yes, it is.,否定回答： No, it isnt.,English is spoken by us.,13,1.Jim uses this computer

8、every day.,2.Lucys mother often waters these flowers.,This computer is used by Jim every day.,These flowers are often watered by Lucys mother.,變?yōu)榉穸ê鸵话阋蓡?wèn)句,This computer isnt used by Jim every day.,Is this computer used by Jim every day?,變?yōu)榉穸ê鸵话阋蓡?wèn)句,These flowers arent often watered by Lucys mother.,Ar

9、e these flowers often watered by Lucys mother.,14,He looked after the little baby yesterday.,主,謂,賓(承受者),The little baby,was looked after,by,him,yesterday .,六、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),構(gòu)成：S+was/were +過(guò)去分詞,15,2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought by them last term.,16,They built the tall b

10、uilding last year. He took good care of his little brother yesterday. We cleaned our classroom just now. They used this room for resting.,The tall building was built by them last year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.,This room was

11、 used for resting by them.,17,Tom will clean the room tomorrow.,主,謂,賓,The room,will be cleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,七、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),構(gòu)成： S+ will+be+過(guò)去分詞,18,eg.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished by them in ten days.,19,We will have a sports meeting next week. Children will take

12、some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow. The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.,A sports meeting will be had by us next week.,Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.,A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,20,八、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),構(gòu)成： S+ am/is/are + being +過(guò)去分詞 So

13、me workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now.,21,eg.Lucy is watering the trees.,The trees is being watered by Lucy.,22,九、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),構(gòu)成： S+ have/has + been +過(guò)去分詞,We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us.,23,eg.We have finished our co

14、mpositions.,Our compositions have been finished by us.,24,Amy can take good care of Gina ,Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.,構(gòu)成： S+ can/may/must/should + be+過(guò)去分詞,十、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),25,1.He can take care of the baby. 2.Lucy may draw the pictures. 3.You must turn off the lights. 4.They should learn Engli

15、sh well.,The baby can be taken care of by him.,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned well by them.,26,Exercises： 1.Many people speak English. 2.People used knives for cutting things. 3.We can use the box as a table. 4.We should clean the cl

16、assroom every day. 5.She will repair the bike tomorrow.,English is spoken by many people.,Knifves were used by people for cutting things.,The box can be used by us as a table.,The classroom should be cleanedd by us every day.,The bike will be repaired by her tomorrow.,27,各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 一般過(guò)去時(shí)： 一般

17、將來(lái)時(shí)： 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：,S+ am/is /are + done,S+can/may/must/should+be+done,S+ will + be + done,S+ am/is/are + being+ done,S+ have/has + been+ done,S+ was/were + done,各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成,S+ was/were + being+ done,28,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種類型,1.使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),make sb do let sb. do have sb.do,be made to do be let to do be

18、had to do,Eg. I made him stay outside.,He was made to stay outside by me.,29,see sb. do hear sb. do watch sb. do,be seen to do be heard to do be watched to do,eg. I saw her go out.,She was seen to go out by me.,注意: see sb. doing hear sb. doing watch sb. doing,be seen doing be heard doing be watched

19、doing,Eg. I hear her reading English .,She is heard reading English.,2.感官動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),30,即feel , hear , listen ,look , watch , see , notice ， have , make , let這些詞在主動(dòng)句中，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不加to，但變被動(dòng)句時(shí)必須加to.,(1).I saw him play basketball last Sunday.,He,was seen,to play basketball last Sunday by me.,(2).We heard them

20、sing in the classroom.,They,were heard,to sing in the classroom by us.,31,Try the following: 1. They made us do all the work. 2. I often see him walk to school. 3. Did you see them get off the bus? 4. Was Lily heard to sing upstairs last night? (you) 5. The girl was seen _ with her mother at 8:00 ye

21、sterday. A. quarrel B. quarreling C. to quarrel D. quarreled,Were they seen to get off the bus by you?,Did you hear Lily sing upstairs last night?,B,We were made to do all the work by them.,He is often seen to walk to school by me.,32,help sb (to) do - be helped to do. He helped the old man (to) cle

22、an the room. The old man was helped to clean the room.,3.help sb (to) do,33,4.帶雙賓語(yǔ)句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).（指物的賓語(yǔ)叫直接賓語(yǔ)， 指人的賓語(yǔ)叫間接賓語(yǔ)）,常見(jiàn)的接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: to: pass, give, tell, lend, teach, show, bring, hand for: make, buy, draw, sing, get,以“人”當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，變法和一般的變法一樣； 以“物”當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，在保留的間接賓語(yǔ)前必須加to或for.,34,如：1.He gave me a book. I was given

23、 a book by him. A book was given to me by Tom.,give me a book,間,直,= give a book to me,直,間,2. I bought him a book. He was bought a book by me. A book was buoght for him by me.,buy him a book,= buy a book for me,間,直,直,間,35,如：1.He showed me a book yesterday. I was shown a book by him yesterday.（以I做主語(yǔ)）

24、A book was shown to me by him yesterday. （以物a book作主語(yǔ)） 2.He teaches us English. We are taught English by him. （以人當(dāng)主語(yǔ)） English is taught to us by him. （以物作主語(yǔ)）,36,Try the following: 1. The teacher gave Jim some books. 2. His parents bought him a new bike.,Jim was given some books by the teacher.,Some

25、books were given to Jim by the teacher.,He was bought a new bike by his parents.,A new bike was bought for him by his parents.,37,We know that the West Lake is very beautiful. It is known that the West Lake is very beautiful. They say that Father Christmas is based on a real person. It is said that

26、Father Christmas is based on a real person.,5.當(dāng)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)是句子時(shí)（即是賓語(yǔ)從句），變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)通常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)放在后面。,38,a girl called Cuihua 一個(gè)叫翠花的女孩 a book bought yesterday 一本昨天買(mǎi)的書(shū),get/make/have sth done 使某物被,make me understood 使我被理解/使人理解我 have my hair cut 使我頭發(fā)被剪/請(qǐng)人給我剪頭,6.過(guò)去分詞做后置定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng),7.過(guò)去分詞做賓補(bǔ)，表示被動(dòng),39,（1）、主語(yǔ)是物，謂語(yǔ)是

27、表示主語(yǔ)特征或?qū)傩缘膭?dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有write /wash/sell/ run well等。例如：,The machine runs well. This pen writes well. The book sells well.,主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。,40,（2）系表結(jié)構(gòu)look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear, seem等。例如：,Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt,C,Your idea

28、sounds reasonable.,41,（3）、 sth .need / require doing =sth. need / require to be done,Youve come just in time to help us. Fine, what requires doing? (=Fine, what requires to be done?) This sentence needs _ . A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved,C,（4）come out / run out/come true,42,1.

29、 有的be +done 形式是系表結(jié)構(gòu) The cup is broken . The store is usually closed at 6:00 a.m.,注意,eg. The doctor looked after the patient carefully.,2. 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí), 后面的介詞不能省。,The patient was looked after carefully by the doctor.,43,（1）there be 句式?jīng)]有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,(2)不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (happen, come true, come, go ),（3）賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代

30、詞時(shí)。 We often help each other. He taught himself.,不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況,44,(4)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是表狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí) (如have , like , take place , belong to ） I like these flowers. 我喜歡這些花。 I will have a meeting. 不說(shuō)A meeting will be had. 應(yīng)說(shuō)A meeting will be held .,(5)系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子沒(méi)有被動(dòng)。 （look, sound, feel, taste, smell）,eg. He looks sad. It

31、feels soft. It taste delicious.,45,八、初中教材中與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相關(guān)的句型有：1be covered with被覆蓋2be made of由制作（發(fā)生物理變化） be made from由制作（發(fā)生化學(xué)變化） be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造3be used for被用來(lái) be used as被當(dāng)作（作為）來(lái)使用 be used to do sth被用來(lái)做某事4It is said/reported/believed that 據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道/ 人們相信 It is hoped that希望 It is well-known t

32、hat眾所周知,46,把下列句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): A car knocked him down yesterday. 2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team 3）When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree,A fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.,He was knocked down by a car yesterday,The medical team is made up of by two,Practi

33、ce,47,把下列句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): A car knocked him down yesterday. 2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team 3）When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree,A fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.,He was knocked down by a car yesterday,The medical team is made up of by two,Practice,48

34、,4)Well put on the play next Sunday 5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school 6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year,The play will be put on next Sunday,A new teaching building is being built by workers in our school,The railway had been completed by the end of l

35、ast year,49,填空（完成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)填空） 1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） Their classroom _ often _ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上） A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week .,is,cleaned,was given by,Practice,50,3. A lot of people in China can speak English now . （

36、同上） English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. （同上） English _ _ _ for about two years. 5. They will publish these story-books next month. （同上） These story-books _ _ _ next month.,can be spoken,has been learned,will be published,51,中考挑戰(zhàn),52,1. Another

37、 man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (濟(jì)南市中考題） another man-made satellite into space last week.變主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 2.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青島市中考題） 3. They grow vegetables on the farm. The vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考題）,They sent

38、up,were planted,are grown,中考題,53,1. In some countries , tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980. A. have been taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place,3. The new type of car is going to _ in three

39、 years. A. turn out B. be turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned out 4. The woman murdered her friend and _ to _. A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：選擇填空,54,5. Do you like the skirt ? It _ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is

40、 felt 6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who _ for ? A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait,7. _ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says 8. I want to sit at the table near the window. Sorry , _ already. A. it took B. it t

41、akes C. it is taking D. it has been taken,55,9. The letter _ three days ago and it_ yesterday. A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived 10. He told me that the final examination _ next Thursday. A. is given B. will be given C. would have

42、given D. would be given,11. Water _ into ice. A. will changed B. must be changed C. should change D. can be changed 12. Plays _ twice a month in that theatre. A. put on B. are put on C. was put on D. often put on,56,13. The birds _ fly away last Saturday. A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. were le

43、t to 14. A strange sound _ yesterday evening. A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard 15. A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates. A. sent to B. will sent to C. was sent to D. will be sent for,16. Miss Chen _ just _ to speak at the meeting. A. has been asked B. has been asked C. Have been asked D. have