complex sentence ppt.ppt

1、COMPLEX SENTENCE,Definition:,A complex sentence is a sentence with one independent clause and at least onedependent clause.,由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成,Features: A complex sentence always has a subordinator（主從連詞）such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or whic

2、h,TYPES,1). Attributive Clause(定語從句） 2). Adverbial Clause(狀語從句) 3). Noun Clause(名詞性從句),Attributive Clause （定語從句）,Restrictive Attributive Clause （限定性定語從句）,Nonrestrictive Attributive Clause （非限定性定語從句）,Nonrestrictive Attributive Clause （非限制性定語從句）,1. (修飾人) 主語 用who, 賓語 用whom, 定語 用whose The old man has a

3、son , who is in the army .,2.(修飾物)一律用which, 而不用that, 有時可用as The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow . which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句是用來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分 As is reported in the newspaper ，some artistic treasures(藝術(shù)珍品） will be on show at the exhibition on the weekend. as的一些常用結(jié)構(gòu). as has

4、 been said above 如上所述 as was expected 正如預(yù)料的那樣 as has been pointed out 正如指出的那樣 as we all can see （know, hear）正如大家看到的（知道的、聽到的）那樣。,Restrictive Attributive Clause （限制性定語從句）,限制性定語從句對所修飾的先行項起限制作用， 在意義上與先行項密切不可分。如被省去，主 句的意思就含糊不清，甚至變得毫無意義。關(guān) 系詞和先行項之間一般不用逗號分隔。,The tall man who is playing basketball is Yao Min

5、g . That is the girl (whom) i met at the party yesterday. Is this the boy whose parents went to Canada last year. I shall never forget the day when we first met in a park . My favorite city is Beijing where i can visit the Great Wall. This is the reason why you should leave .,The Adverbial Clause （狀

6、語從句）,地點狀語從句： Where I live there are plenty of trees.WhereverI amI will be thinking of you.,方式狀語從句： As water is to fish, so air is to man. He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.,原因狀語從句： He is absent today, because / for he is ill Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our

7、journey.,時間狀語從句 When/While/As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of No.37. After they had finished their work , they went home. As soon as we got home ,it began to rain.,比較狀語從句 She is as tall as I（or me） I will help you rather than that you（should）have any trouble,結(jié)果狀語從句：

8、 The boy is so young that he cant go to school.He is such a young boy that he cant go to school,條件狀語從句： Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk.,讓步狀語從句： Althoughits raining, they are still working in the field.,目的狀語從句： You must speak louder so

9、that /in order that you can be heard by all. Bettertake more clothes in case the weather is cold.,The Noun Clause （名詞性從句）,Object Clause（賓語從句） Subject Clause（主語從句） Predicative Clause （表語從句） Appositive Clause （同位語從句）,Object Clause（賓語從句）,1.做動詞的賓語 I think (that) you will like the pictures. （連接詞that無意義，在

10、從句中不充當任何成分，可以省略） 當賓語從句（通常是由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句）有一賓語補足語時， 常用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句置于句末。 I feel it important that they finish their own task in time.,2.做介詞賓語 They are worrying about whether they can get there in time. You can write about whatever topic you can think of.,3. 做形容詞賓語 Are you sure what you will do next? I

11、m afraid that he will fail in the exam.,Subject Clause(主語從句）,定義:在句子中擔(dān)當主語的是一個從句,這個從句就叫做主語從句。,主語從句的位置: 1.主語從句可以直接放在主語位置上； 2.用it作形式主語，而將從句放在謂語的后面（特別是謂語較短時）。 that引導(dǎo)的主語從句用it作形式主語尤為多見。,e.g. What you said yesterday is right. That light travels in straight lines is known to all. It is known to all that ligh

12、t travels in straight lines.,Predicative Clause （表語從句）,e.g. The question is whether the book is worth reading at all. It looks that (as if ) it is going to rain. It seems that all of the students have done their homework. The question remains whether we should accept their invitation,結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+連系動詞+表語從句

13、,be ,seem, remain, look等,Appositive Clause （同位語從句）,在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。 同位語從句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等詞引導(dǎo)，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名詞后面， 說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語

14、從句和所修飾的名詞在 內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系，對其內(nèi)容作進一步說明。,e.g. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 析：they had won the game說明The news的全部內(nèi)容，因此該句為同位語從句。,正確運用同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，準確把握同位語從句,1.如同位語從句意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 （即that 不充當任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略） The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.,2.如同位語從句意義不完整，需增加“是否”的含義，應(yīng)