2013.08.17 - 王士宇 - 英語語音語調(diào).ppt

1、,英語語音語調(diào),Part 1 英語國際音標與語音,英語國際音標簡介,音素是語音的最小單位，一個音素就是一個音。英語中一共有20個元音和28個輔音 好的英語發(fā)音并不僅僅是弄正確每個單詞的讀音，而是運用各種技巧和規(guī)則-如重讀、弱讀、連讀、不完全爆破、句子重音、停頓、節(jié)奏、升調(diào)、降調(diào)等-將單詞聯(lián)結(jié)成句子和段落。,元音是指發(fā)音時氣流通過口腔或鼻腔時，不受任何阻礙，同時聲帶振動。 輔音是指發(fā)音時，氣流從肺部壓出來后，通過口腔或鼻腔時受到各發(fā)音器官的阻礙，如受到唇、齒、舌、咽喉等的阻礙而形成的音。英語中的輔音音素按發(fā)音時聲帶是否振動可以分為11個清輔音和17個濁輔音。 清輔音發(fā)音時聲帶不振動，濁輔音發(fā)音時

2、聲帶振動。,短元音/i/,發(fā)音要訣 （1）舌尖抵下齒，舌前部抬高，音短促。 （2）雙唇扁平，牙床半合，上下齒之間可放入一個小指尖。口腔肌肉松弛。 發(fā)音練習 sit still; give in; bit by bit; his little sister,短元音/e/,發(fā)音要訣 （1）舌尖抵下齒，舌前部稍抬高。 （2）雙唇中常，上下齒間可容下一食指，口腔肌肉松弛。 注意事項 （1）發(fā)/e/ 音時，口不能張得太大。 （2）要避免舌頭隨便移動，從而發(fā)成其他的雙元音。 發(fā)音練習 very well; get ready; well-educated; my best friend,短元音/,發(fā)音要訣

3、 （1）舌尖抵下齒，舌前部稍抬高，音短促。 （2）雙唇向兩邊平伸，成扁平形。上下齒間可容兩指寬度。口腔肌肉松弛。 發(fā)音練習 a happy family; a bad man; a handsome lad; a math exam,短元音/,發(fā)音要訣 （1）舌尖和舌端兩側(cè)輕觸下齒，舌后部靠前部分稍抬起。 （2）唇形稍扁，開口度較大。 （3）發(fā)/ 時聲音要短促，不能拖泥帶水。 發(fā)音練習 his loving son; a sudden jump; hurry up,短元音/,發(fā)音要訣 舌身平放，舌中部略隆起，雙唇扁平。 發(fā)音練習 along the river; among the broth

4、ers; from cover to cover,短元音/,發(fā)音要訣 口張大，舌身盡量降低并后縮，雙唇稍稍收圓 發(fā)音練習 a coffee shop; a popular opera; quality and quantity,短元音/u/,發(fā)音要訣 （1）舌后部抬起，舌身后縮，舌尖離開下齒。 （2）雙唇收圓，稍突出。 發(fā)音練習 to have a good look at the book a book about woodwork,比較容易混淆的短元音,/i/ 和 /e/ Have you listened to the recording of Lesson Six? A friend

5、is a present that you give yourself. /e/ 和/ Dad says a soft bed is bad for his back. Can you bend that iron band?,比較容易混淆的短元音,/和/ What a lovely sun-tan youve got! I lost my handbag, but luckily it hasnt got much money in it. /和/ You are a lucky dog, always having the lucky star above you. The impossi

6、ble is often the untried.,比較容易混淆的短元音,/和/u/ A: Would you prefer to go to a concert of pop music or modern music? B: I guess some pop music will do us good. A: OK. Then, Ill go and book the tickets for us. /u/ 和/ Would you like to come with us? I have booked a double room in this hotel.,長元音/i:/,發(fā)音要訣 (

7、1)舌尖抵下齒，舌前部盡量抬高，舌位高于/i/ 。 (2)雙唇扁平，牙床幾乎半合。 (3)發(fā)音時嘴角向旁伸，做微笑狀，并要有一定的延長。 發(fā)音練習 leaves of the trees; deep feelings; a piece of cheese,注意事項 /i/與/i:/發(fā)音的不同,（1）這是兩個不同的音素， /i:/不是/i/的單純加長。它們的發(fā)音口腔部位不完全相同。 （2）發(fā)/i/音時，口腔肌肉松弛；發(fā)/i:/時口腔肌肉緊張。 （3）/i/是短元音，發(fā)音短促； /i:/是長元音，發(fā)音細長。 Bring me the bill, please. To keep fit, you n

8、eed to see to it that you dont overeat.,長元音/:/,發(fā)音要訣 發(fā)音時舌后部抬得比/高，雙唇收得更圓更小，并向前突出。 發(fā)音練習 a short report; small talk; an important record /和 /:/ He forgot to lock the door. You ought to do what the doctor ordered.,長元音/u:/,發(fā)音要訣 發(fā)音時舌后部盡量抬起，舌位比/u/高。雙唇收圓并突出?？谛伪?u/稍小。 發(fā)音練習 a new school; a blue moon; too soon

9、/u/ 和 /u:/ He put his foot in his new boot and looked at it. The proof of the pudding is in the eating.,長元音/:/,發(fā)音要訣 發(fā)音時舌中部比發(fā)/音時略高。雙唇扁平。 發(fā)音練習 a German girl; first things first the third world countries,長元音/a:/,發(fā)音要訣 發(fā)音時口張大，舌身壓低并后縮，后舌稍隆起，舌尖不抵下齒。雙唇稍收圓。 發(fā)音練習 a part of the market; garden chairs without ar

10、ms; a large basket /和 /a:/ Shes from an upper class family. Lucky at cards, unlucky in love.,句子朗讀,He who is afraid to ask is ashamed of learning. None are so empty as those who are full of themselves. Among my most prized possessions are words that I have never spoken. We love those who know the wor

11、st of us and dont turn their faces away.,詩歌朗讀,Good Morning to All Good morning to all who walk, Good morning to all who crawl, Good morning to all who soar, Or swim, good morning I call, To broad and to small, to short and to tall, Good morning, good morning to all.,雙元音,/ei/ the safe way; pay day; M

12、ay Day; a great change; the railway station; to play safe /ai/ to ride a bike; to fly a kite; a white lie; in the year 1999; great minds think alike /i/ a noisy toy; to join an oil company; to enjoy his beautiful voice,雙元音,/u/ to go home; an old coat; to row a boat; to have no hope; a snow-covered r

13、oad /au/ down town; a loud sound; our crowded house; to shout loudly; to go down south /i/ disappear; atmosphere; engineer; experience; serious; near here; a clear idea,雙元音,/ farewell; parents; everywhere; upstairs and downstairs; their chairs; my fair share /u/ curiosity; insurance; luxurious; endu

14、rance; jewelry; bureau; the furious jury,注意元音的變化,beat, bit, bet bait, bat, bite, barn, boot, boat, bought, bird, bout, boss, book, bear, beer, buyer deed, dead, date, dad, dared, died, dart, doubt, dot, dirt, dear, dont, dorm, doomed feet, fit, fed, fate, fat, fight, fast, first, fierce, fair, fough

15、t, photo, foul, fool, foot,輔音,/p/b/ pin, bin; cap, cab;pride, bride Dont blow your nose so loudly in public! /t/d/ tie, die; torn, dawn; town, down Time flies over us, but leaves its shadow behind.,輔音,/k/ /g/ cold, gold; coat, goat; curl, girl This cabbage is beginning to smell like garbage. Throw i

16、t away. /f/ /v/ fan, van; fast, vast; feel, veal Birds of feather flock together.,輔音,/s/z/ sip, zip;seal, zeal; Sue, zoo If the sun in red should set, the next day surely will be wet. / / pressure, pleasure; treasure, measure Im sure your son will love to read Treasure Island. Boys usually do.,輔音,/

17、bath, bathe; cloth, clothes; breath, breathe Better to know everything of something than something of everything. / cheap, jeep;chew, Jew; chest, jest It was no joke. The polluted air nearly choked us.,輔音,/tr/ /dr/ trip, drip; train, drain; true, drew Dry up your tears and have another try. /ts/ /dz

18、/ hats, hands;carts, cards; seeds, seats Take care of the minutes, for the hours will take care of themselves.,/m/ my map am game,/n/ nine new ten son,/ morning wrong think thank,輔音,/h/ he hat here hill,/r/ red right brown room,/j/ yes you your yellow,/w/ we woman where white,/l/ Look Hello Floor fa

19、mily,輔音,容易混淆的輔音,/r/和/l/ rice, lice; praise, place;rock, lock Right then the light suddenly went off. /n/和/ win, wing; sin, sing; sun, sung The three foundations of learning: seeing much, suffering much, and studying much.,容易混淆的輔音,/l/和/n/ low, know; light, night; line, nine I forgot to turn off the l

20、ight last night. /w/和/v/ wail, veil; wary, vary; went, vent I dont have to tell you why we wont vote for that wicked man.,容易混淆的輔音,/s/: sea, she;Sue, shoe /s/: seafood, thief;sick, thick /f/: three, free; thirst, first /z/: zoo, though; breeze, breathe /d/: they, day;there, dare /iz/ /dis/: this plac

21、e, displace /dr/ /: drug, drop; ream, draw,容易混淆的輔音,/: chips, ships; cheap, sheep /ts/: match, mats; catch, cats /ts/s/: rates, race; lots, loss /dz/z/: cards, cabs, catches /tr/: treat, cheat; trees, cheese /dr/ /: drug, jug; drudge, judge,26個英文字母及發(fā)音音標 A a /ei/ B b /bi:/ C c /si:/ D d /di:/ E e /i:/

22、F f /ef/ G g /di:/ H h /eit/ I i /ai/ J j /dei/ K k /kei/ L l /el/ M m /em/N n /en/ O o /Eu/ P p /pi:/ Q q /kju:/ R r /a:/ S s /es/ T t /ti:/ U u /ju:/ V v /vi:/ W w /dblju:/ X x /eks/ Y y /wai/ Z z /zi:/ /zed/,輔音連綴,由兩個或兩個以上的輔音連在一起的發(fā)音組合稱為輔音連綴。在輔音連綴中，輔音與輔音之間沒有元音分隔。在發(fā)輔音連綴時，第一個音或第二個音要讀得輕快、短促，很快過渡到后面的音上

23、去。,輔音連綴,/s/ 和爆破音/p, t, k/ 組成的輔音連綴，這些爆破音應(yīng)該減少送氣。也就是向/b, d, g/音靠近。 /sp/spy, spin,spare, spur, spite /st/star, stay, steal, stir, stock, stuff /sk/sky, skirt, skip, skill, skull, scar,輔音連綴,其他由/s/為首的輔音連綴 sphere，small，snail, snack， sweet 由一些輔音和 /l/ 以及 /r / 組成的輔音連綴 pl-, bl-, kl-, gl-, fl- play, bland, clue

24、, glass, flower pr-, br-, tr-, dr-, kr-, gr- r-, r- pray, brain, tree, dry, cry, green, shrink, throw,輔音連綴,詞尾連綴 /s, z/ 為名詞復數(shù)、第三人稱單數(shù)的發(fā)音 politics, caps, cats /t, d/為規(guī)則動詞過去時的詞尾的發(fā)音 taxed, lapsed, asked,連讀,輔音 + 元音：在同一意群里，如前一單詞以輔音結(jié)尾，后一單詞以元音開頭，即可把這兩個單詞連起來讀，叫做“連讀” come in; keep on; get up; above all first o

25、f all; all of us; put it on,連讀,元音 + 元音：如前一單詞以元音結(jié)尾，后一單詞以元音開頭，這兩個單詞也可以連起來讀，叫做“元音連讀”。 you are; try it; hurry up; the other do it; go on; go away,連讀,/r/ + 元音：如前一單詞以字母r結(jié)尾，后一單詞以元音開頭，即可把/r/和后面的元音連讀起來，叫做“r音連讀”。 far away; for a moment; for example take care of it; as far as I know,不完全爆破,爆破音是指發(fā)音器官在口腔中形成阻礙，然后氣

26、流沖破阻礙而發(fā)出的音，包括/p/, /b/, /t/,/d/, /k/, /g/。但在某些情況下，發(fā)爆破音時，做好要發(fā)出這個爆破音的準備，但不要發(fā)出音來。即 “不完全爆破”。,不完全爆破,爆破音+爆破音：爆破音/p, b/、/ t, d/、/k, g /中的任何兩個連接在一起時，前面的爆破音不完全爆破，只需做好發(fā)該音的口型和舌位并稍作停頓，就接后面的爆破音。 captain; groundbreaking; bookcase,不完全爆破,爆破音+摩擦音：爆破音/p, b/、/ t, d/、/k, g /中的任何一個和摩擦音：/f/、 /v/ 、/s/、 /z/、/、 /、 /h/、/ 中的任何

27、一個相連時，該爆破音不完全爆破，在做好口型和舌位并稍作停頓以后，只需發(fā)出極為輕微的爆破聲。 hopeful, advice, breadth,不完全爆破,爆破音+破擦音：爆破音/p, b/、/ t, d/、/k, g/中的任何一個和破擦音/ ：/ts/、/dz/、 /tr/、/dr/、/ t/、/ d/中的任何一個相連時，該爆破音亦為不完全爆破，發(fā)音方法與上同。 a fast train, a good chance, a great change,不完全爆破,爆破音+鼻輔音：爆破音/ t, d/和鼻音/m/、/n/相連時，同樣也不完全爆破，而且因受鼻音的影響，不在口腔而在鼻腔里爆破。要注意不

28、要在爆破音和鼻音之間加上一個/ /。 not now, at night, a good memory,不完全爆破,爆破音+舌側(cè)音：爆破音/ t, d/和舌側(cè)音/l/相連時，也只發(fā)生不完全爆破。 battle, title, needle,朗讀對話,A: I cant decide what I want to do with my life. Have you thought about it? B: Yes, I have. I think Id make a good journalist because I love writing. A: Maybe I could be a tea

29、cher because Im very creative. And I like working with kids. B: Oh, I wouldnt want to be a teacher. Im too impatient. A: I know one thing I could never do. B: Whats that? A: I could never be a stockbroker because Im not good at making decisions quickly.,朗讀短文,The Story of Everybody, Somebody, Anybody

30、 and Nobody There is a story about four men named Everybody, Somebody, Anybody, and Nobody. There was an important job to be done, and Everybody was asked to do it. Everybody was sure that Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry about that, because it

31、was Everybodys job. Everybody thought that Anybody could do it, and Nobody realized that Everybody wouldnt do it. It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody, when actually Nobody did what Anybody could have done.,Part Two 重音與節(jié)奏,重音,重音分單詞重音和語句重音兩種。 只要是有兩個音節(jié)以上的單詞都有一個重音，一些長的單詞有兩個重音。,單詞重音規(guī)則,在英語中，許多常用名詞和動

32、詞重音往往在第一個音節(jié)上 English language learner students father mother teacher people sister brother family pretty,單詞重音規(guī)則,帶有前綴be-, in-, dis-, ex-, un-的雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞，重音幾乎都落在第二或第三個音節(jié)上，因為英語的前綴是不重讀的 become invite distract expect discover inform exclude undo begin unlock disclose explode,單詞重音規(guī)則,英語所有詞的后綴都不重讀。而且，許多后綴可以決定

33、重音的位置。在帶有后綴的長單詞(3-6個音節(jié))中，重音總是在詞的中間，而不在第一或第二個音節(jié)上 preventiveheroicimpressive essentialinventioninfectious opportunityinvestigatorvocabulary,單詞重音規(guī)則,單詞加后綴-able以后，重音保持不變 reliablecomfortably national dependableknowledgeable adaptable 拼寫相同但詞性不同的詞：名詞重音都在第一個音節(jié)上，動詞重音在第二個音節(jié)上 contestcontrast discount record imp

34、ortproduce digest export survey protest refuse object,復合詞讀音規(guī)則,名詞+名詞：重音傾向于落在第一個音節(jié)上 a postmana newspaper a blackbird a keyboarda chairman a salesgirl 形容詞+名詞：如果兩個詞已變成一個合成詞，重音在第一個音節(jié)上；否則都要重讀 This is the greenhouse. This is the green house. I see a hotdog. I see a hot dog.,Your Turn,kindness laziness poli

35、teness shyness breathless useless careless endless organization pronunciation dictation adventure agriculture picture lecture,Your Turn,politics politicalpolitician democratdemocracydemocratic mechanismmechanicalmechanician intellectintelligenceintellectual familyfamiliarfamiliarity competence compe

36、titor competition,語句重音,一般來說，句子中實詞重讀，虛詞不重讀 名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、動詞、副詞是實詞 冠詞、介詞、連詞、助動詞是虛詞 一般來說，代詞不重讀，如her, me, it等，但指示代詞和疑問代詞，如this, what要重讀。,Your Turn,Janet has gone to school. I saw your brother yesterday. Can I carry your suitcase? Would you like a glass of beer? Have you heard about John? I must be going. My

37、 wife is waiting for me at the corner of the street.,重音節(jié)奏模式、重音模式、節(jié)奏型,o O I think he knows we ought He is.,66,o O o I think so. He knows it. We ought to.,O O take out put off Try hard. Read this. Look out. Times up. Make haste. Next week. Work hard. Good work.,67,Well done. Thats true. Hold on. All r

38、ight. Thats all. Not yet. Please do. Oh, no. Yes, please. No, thanks.,O o O out of date hard and fast heart and soul take away put aside Try again. Read again. Look inside. Never mind. Wait and See. Leave at once.,68,Come along. Hurry up. Practice hard. Word by word. Try it out. Carry on. Let me see

39、. Good idea. Ring me up. What a crowd. Quite a bit. Thanks a lot.,O o o O Try it again. Read it again. Look at the book. Take it away. Put it aside. Lots to be done. Lend me a hand Get in the crops.,69,Clear it away. Bring him along. Once in a while. Hardly enough. Nothing at all. Just for a while.

40、Drop me a line. Send it by mail. Right over there. Not in the least.,o O o O the latest news a waste of time a lot of noise a better chance I want to know. We thought it was. He told me this. I think he will. I think it is.,70,He knows it all. We ought to know. Youre late for lunch. Id like to come.

41、 Im sure you will. Ill see you off. Its hard to say. It doesnt work. Ive no idea. Our time is up. It sounds so strange.,O o O o quite a lot of Wait a moment. Lets get started. Wait a minute. Time is precious. Let me help you. Glad to see you. Come and help me. Glad to hear it. Go and get it. Just im

42、agine.,71,o O o o O I wanted to know. We left it behind. He told me to come. I think he will come.,72,o O o o O I wanted you to know. We thought it would be fine. He told me he could come. I think he will be there.,73,o O o O o,I think he wants to. Youll get it later. Ive thought it over. Repeat the

43、 sentence. Im glad to see you. Youre always welcome.,74,I hope you like it. Id like to hear it. I beg your pardon. Youd better hurry. Im very sorry. It doesnt matter.,o O o o O o o,I think that he wants us to. Youll get it on Saturday. Ive thought the thing over. Repeat it again for me. Ill borrow a

44、nother one. Youll get it on Saturday. Theyve all gone on holiday. Its very unfortunate. Perhaps youve heard of it. Lets open the other one. The price has gone up again.,75,o O o o o O o o I wanted you to write about them. Its not the one I borrowed from you. Its interesting to read about them. o O o

45、 o o o o O o She wants us to be there tomorrow.,76,o O o o o O o o o He didnt think it interesting. Remember what your teacher told you. I took it to a watch repairer. He didnt want to talk about it.,77,O o O o O,Carry it away. Everything is clear. Follow my advice. Bring along your friend. See you

46、in a week. Try to be in time. Come and have a look. Leave it on the desk. Cut it with a knife.,78,o O o O o O o O,I told him not to go away. He left the room without a word. I saw him standing all alone. They said they had to leave at once.,79,o O o o o O o o o O,I think it was an excellent idea. Th

47、ere isnt really quite enough for two. The bus is more convenient than the train. They finished it the day before she came. We havent got an envelope to match. I shouldnt be surprised if she forgot.,80,o O o O o o O o o O,You know we ought to discuss it today. Its not what I wanted to ask you about.

48、I told you not to allow him to go. We havent got time to arrange for it now.,81,Your Turn,Take it to them. Give it to him. Read it with me. Show it to him. Study it with them. Hold it for me. Do it for me. Get some for us. Open it for me. Bring them to her. Let me see them.,82,Take them away from me

49、. Where did you see them? Why didnt you give them to me? Go to him and tell him about it. Let me have a look at you. When did he tell you about it?,Your Turn,a cloth/ a piece of cloth/ a piece of white cloth/ a large piece of white cloth/ a large piece of pure white cloth/ This is a large piece of p

50、ure white cloth. a boy/ a naughty boy/ a very naughty boy/ a very naughty English schoolboy/ Jack is a very naughty English schoolboy. a telephone/ a public telephone/ two public telephones/ two public telephones on Platform 4/ two new public telephones on Platform 4/ There are two new public teleph

51、ones on Platform 4.,83,Nursery Rhymes and Poems,Good, better, best, Never let it rest, Till good is better, And better best.,84,Humpty Dumpty,Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall. Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the kings horses And all the kings men Couldnt put Humpty together again.,85,Jack and Jill,Ja

52、ck and Jill went up the hill To fetch a pail of water Jack fell down and broke his crown And Jill came tumbling after. Up got Jack, and home did trot As fast as he could caper He went to bed and bound his head With vinegar and brown paper.,86,Peas pudding hot,Peas pudding hot, Peas pudding cold, Pea

53、s pudding in the pot Nine days old. Some like it hot, Some like it cold, Some like it in the pot Nine days old.,87,Three Blind Mice,Three blind mice, three blind mice, See how they run, see how they run, They all ran after the farmers wife, Who cut off their tails with a carving knife, Did you ever

54、see such a thing in your life, As three blind mice?,88,Mary had a little lamb,Mary had a little lamb its fleece was white as snow; And everywhere that Mary went, the lamb was sure to go. It followed her to school one day, which was against the rule; It made the children laugh and play, to see a lamb

55、 at school.,89,And so the teacher turned it out, but still it lingered near, And waited patiently about till Mary did appear. “Why does the lamb love Mary so?” the eager children cry; “Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know” the teacher did reply.,90,朗讀下面的短文,When an American today says “my family is com

56、ing to visit,” he or she is using family to include cousins, uncles, grandparents, or any other relatives who do not live with him or her. That is, this person is using family the way it was used 150 years ago when the majority of Americans were farmers. In that earlier time, of course, three or mor

57、e generations lived under one roof.,Yet family is a very vague word. It can mean, for example, the speakers parents, who do not live with him or her. On the other hand, it can mean uncles and aunts, nieces and nephews, first and second cousins, or even in-laws. As a result, the expression immediate

58、family has come into use. It means something between the narrowest use of family and the broadest one: usually the grandparents, their children and their childrens children.,Part Three 語調(diào)及語音綜合訓練,英語語調(diào)的基本要點,英語句子的音調(diào)從第一個重讀音節(jié)開始，由高到低，依次下降。升降調(diào)的變化發(fā)生在最后的重讀音節(jié)上。 school go to school - Tom has started school. -

59、Mrs. Smith drove her son to school. - - - . 如句子以重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾，用升調(diào)時即在該音節(jié)自然滑動上升，用降調(diào)時則在該音節(jié)自然滑落下降。,英語語調(diào)的基本要點,如句子最后一個重讀音節(jié)后面還有一個或幾個非重讀音節(jié)（包括非重讀單詞），用升調(diào)時重讀音節(jié)不必滑動，而由非重讀音節(jié)依次上升；用降調(diào)時則在重讀音節(jié)自然滑落下降后，用低平語調(diào)讀出。 如句子以非重讀音節(jié)開始，則它們的語調(diào)低平。,降調(diào)朗讀練習, quick, bed, barked, sports . quicker, better, basket, failure . beautiful, medicine, family, certainly . criticism, necessary, difficulty, agriculture .about, along, success, advice, advance, . September, determine, discussion, im