初中八年級現(xiàn)在完成時、被動語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)課件(極好).ppt

1、冬天來了，春天還會遠(yuǎn)嗎？,If winter has already come, can spring be far behind?,初中時態(tài)講解,現(xiàn)在完成時,復(fù)習(xí)目錄,1.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的概念 2.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu) 3.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的否定，疑問形式 4.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的用法 5.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)與一般過去式的比較,1.現(xiàn)在完成時的概念,1）表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果； 2） 表示過去已經(jīng)開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 E.g. He has learned English since 2001.,past,now,future,現(xiàn)在完成時,一般過去式,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,一般將來

2、時,你會自己造句嗎？,2.現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu),現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成： Have/has + done,助動詞,過去分詞,主語+ have/has +過去分詞+賓語+狀語,Have:第一、二/ 復(fù)數(shù) Has: 第三人稱單數(shù),規(guī)則動詞： 不規(guī)則動詞,規(guī)則動詞,(1)一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived (3)以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動詞，將 y 變?yōu)?i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry

3、-cried-cried (4)重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped,重點1：寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞,Work _ _ Live _ _ Stay _ _ Stop _ _ Clean _ _ Study _ _,worked worked,lived lived,stayed stayed,stopped stopped,cleaned cleaned,studied studied,不規(guī)則動詞,AAA型 cut cut cut, read read read

4、 AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 run ran run； come came come become became become ABB型 buy bought bought；build built built ABC型 begin began begun； choose chose chosen,3.現(xiàn)在完成時的否定與疑問,現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式直接在助動詞have或has后面加上not、疑問式是把助動詞提到主語之前。,例題Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Shanghai before. (改為否定句) I _ _ bee

5、n to Shanghai before. 2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就劃線部分提問) _ _ he come to school?,have,not,Why,doesnt,重點2：現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的否定與疑問,比較have been to/in和have gone to,He has gone to Shanghai. 他(已經(jīng))去上海了。,He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾經(jīng)) 去過上海。,Have (has) been in,表示“在某地呆多長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：since, fo

6、r, how long 等。例如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。,小結(jié),1. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. never been C. went D. gone 2. Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone t

7、o C. went to D. will go to 3. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going,B,B,D,重點3 have been to/in和have gone to 的對比例題,4.現(xiàn)在完成時的用法,1）現(xiàn)在完成時通常表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。,(漢語中常用“已經(jīng)”、“過”、“了”等表達(dá)）通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞 just，already, before, yet, ne

8、ver, ever ,two times等狀語連用。例如：,My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我們以前見過面。 Have you milked the cow yet? 牛奶的奶擠了嗎？ I have never heard that before. 我從沒聽說過。,你還能用現(xiàn)在完成時想到其它句子嗎？,2）表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，如recently, lately, for, since, 等。如： We havent seen you recen

9、tly. 最近我們沒有見到你。 They have been away for two years. 他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 她從周一開始就跟我們在一起了。,注意：a) since和for的區(qū)別 since后接時間點，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there，Tuesday, October-“自從” for后接一段時間，表示“長達(dá)多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。-“長達(dá)”,重點4：since和for的區(qū)別,1. Jim has be

10、en in Ireland _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country _1974. 6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those house

11、s. They have been empty _ many years. 8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.,since,since,since,since,for,for,for,for,for,注意：b) 表示短暫意義的動詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用（不能和since, for, how long 連用）。,短暫性動詞,He has come here for 2 years.

12、 The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句話可以改為： He has been here for 2years. The old man has _ _ for 4 months. They have _ _ only for 5 minutes,been,dead,been,out,錯,錯,錯,終止性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動詞,become be buy have borrow keep catch a cold have a cold get to know know put on wea

13、r,leave be away die be dead arrive in/at be in/at come to be in/at join be a member of /be in start be on finish be over,終止性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動詞,They left the space station last Monday. They have been away from the space station since last Monday. They have been away from the space station for two days.,注意： c

14、) 現(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now,一般過去式,（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,5.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的比較,1）一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作； 現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)影響。,I saw this film yesterday. I

15、have seen this film.,2）一般過去時 常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用; 現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。,一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具體的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的時間狀語,3）現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)

16、性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,get married等。,She joined the League three years ago. (加入的動作不是延續(xù)的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) She has been a League member for three years (since

17、three years ago). (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)),( )1. Where have you _ these days? I have _ to Kunming with my friends. A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone ( )2. How long have you _ this book? A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent ( )3. Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? Yes, I _ it last night. A h

18、ave, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw ( )4. He has never ridden a horse before,_? A. is he B. isnt he C. hasnt he D. has he,B,c,D,D,The passive voice,動詞復(fù)習(xí)專題系列,1.He often helps me in English. 2.Lucy does her homework in the evening. 3.They make shoes in that factory. 4.Do you water the

19、flowers every day?,I am often helped by him in English.,Her homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Shoes are made by them in that factory.,Are the flowers watered by you everyday?,一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：,am/is/are + P.P.,1 We built our school 95 years ago. 2They planted many trees last year. 3He didnt take th

20、e photo in 2003. 5Did you finish your homework?,Our school was built 95 years ago.,Many trees were planted last year.,The photo wasnt taken in 2003.,一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：,was/were + P.P.,Was your homework finished ?,1We will hold our National Games in Jinan. 2 I will invite my teacher to the party. 3 He wont

21、finish his homework in an hour.,Our National Games will be held in Jinan.,My teacher will be invited to the party.,His homework wont be finished in an hour.,一般將來時被動語態(tài)：,will be + P.P.,1.We must clean the classroom every day. 2.Parents should allow the teenagers to choose their own clothes. 3. Uncle W

22、ang cant mend his bike .,The classroom must be cleaned everyday.,The teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.,His bike cant be mended by uncle wang.,情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：,can/may/must/should be +P.P.,am/is/are + P.P.,was/were + P.P.,will be + P.P.,can/may/must/should be +P.P.,中考?？嫉谋粍诱Z態(tài),be + P.P

23、.,have/has been + P.P.,Exercises 1 .More and more foreigners speak Chinese in the world today. (08 重慶) Chinese _ _ by more and more foreigners in the world now. 2 Dangerous driving causes many accidents, (08 臨沂) Many accidents _ _ _ many dangerous driving. 3 The twins ate up all the bananas on the p

24、late. (08 西寧) All the bananas _ _ up by the twins. 4 Teachers can use cartoons to give examples in lessons about AIDS. (08 濟(jì)南) Cartoons _ _ _ to give examples in lessons about AIDS.,is spoken,are caused by,were eaten,can be used,幾種特殊的被動語態(tài),She takes good care of the baby. You should speak to the old

25、politely. He turned down the radio just now.,The baby is taken good care.,The old should be spoken to politely .,The radio was turned down just now.,of,1.若主動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞是由不及物動詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的及物動詞短語，應(yīng)將其看成一個整體結(jié)構(gòu)，在變被動時，不可去掉后面的介詞或副詞。,I often see him come into the room The boss made the workers work all day. We he

26、ard him sing this song in the room.,He is often seen to come into the room.,The workers were made to work all day.,He was heard to sing this song in the room.,2.在主動句中,使役動詞、感官動詞make, see, hear, watch, notice等詞后跟省略to的不定式，變被動語態(tài)時，必須還原to.,We saw him playing in the street.,He was seen playing in the stree

27、t.,My father gave me a bike as a birthday present. A bike _ _ _ _ as a birthday present. I _ _ a bike as a birthday present. She bought me a pen yesterday. I _ _ _ _ yesterday. A pen_ _ _ _yesterday.,was given to me,was given,was bought a pen,was bought for me,3.含有雙賓語的主動句改為被動句時，應(yīng)將其中一個賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，而另一

28、個賓語保留仍作賓語。將物(sth.)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語時，要在保留賓語前加介詞to或for.,常見的雙賓語動詞如 give, offer, pass, show, lend, send, bring, return, tell等用介詞to; buy, make(制作), mend, cook, sing, get等用for.,8 My uncle sent me a Christmas present last year. (06 重慶) A Christmas present _ _ _ me by my uncle last year. 9 The coach makes the play

29、ers play basketball ten hours a day. The players _ _ _ _ basketball ten hours a day by the coach. 10 She heard the girls talk with each other noisily. The girls _ _ _ talk with each other noisily.,was sent to,are made to play,were heard to,16）After planting the trees, you should water them often.（05

30、濟(jì)南） The trees _ _ _ often after they_ 17）Roy passed the ball to Bill and Bill threw it to Jim.(06濟(jì)南) The ball _ first _ to Bill and then _ _ to Jim.,should be watered,are planted,was passed,was thrown,挑戰(zhàn)自我,濟(jì)南市有時會考復(fù)合句同時變被動,1 The children must be taken good care. 2 Can this bike mended？ 3That pencil w

31、as given me by him yesterday。 4 This book was wrote by Lu Xun。 5He is often seen play football outside. 6The kite was made to him by her.,of,given to me,written,to play,for,be mended,火眼金睛,1The old man is ill. He must _to the hospital. Call 120 at once. (send ) 2The book _by Lu Xun in 1920. ( write)

32、3 All the machines _out yesterday. (sell) 4 The hospital _next year. (build) 5This kind of book cant_out of the library.(take) 6He _to play computer games last night.(allow) 7The boy _often_ not to go to the net bar.(tell) 8He _ to the party last Sunday, but he didnt go there. (ask),be sent,was writ

33、ten,were sold,will be built,be taken,was allowed,is told,was asked,你會填空嗎？,1判斷用主動 還是被動？,2A物做賓語 B缺失賓語 Cby短語,3 根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞 確定時態(tài),4.某些動詞用主動語態(tài)來表示被動含義 A. read, sell, wash, write等動詞,用來說明主語的性質(zhì)特征而不強(qiáng)調(diào)被執(zhí)行者的動作時,用主動形式表達(dá)被動意義,且常與not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副詞連用。如: The door doesnt open easily. Bikes of that k

34、ind hardly sell. The book sells well. The cloth washes easily,B. need, want, require等動詞以及形容詞worth后面,常跟動詞-ing形式,用主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。 表示sth需要被做 be worth doing need doing want doing require doing This dictionary is well worth buying. C. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等形容詞后面跟動詞不定式,用主動形式表被動意義,并且該不定式與句子的主語須具備邏輯上的動賓關(guān)

35、系。如: The box is heavy to carry.,3.被動形式表示主動意義的情況： Be seated , please. She is dressed in a red skirt. He was lost in the thick forest. We are prepared to accept his invitation.,D.不定式作定語,其邏輯主語是句子的主語、間接賓語或說話人時,用動詞不定式的主動形式表被動意義。如: She has an old grandfather to look after,歷屆中考試題小試身手,1 What a nice garden!

36、-It _ every day. A is cleaning B has cleaned C must clean D is cleaned 2 The girl _ at the party last night. A heard to sing B was heard to sing C heard sing D was heard sing 3 The computers _ to the village school as presents last month. A are given B given C were given D gave 4 It is reported that

37、 the Underground Line No. 3 _ in Nanjing in 2010 . A will build B has built C will be built D has been built,5 The accident _on the morning of Christmas Day. A happened B was happened C was happening D is happened 6 The letter is _ in French. I cant read it. A writing B written C wrote D writes 7Whe

38、n _this kind of computer_? -Last year. A did, use B was, used C is, used D are, used 8Li Feng has got a bike. He _ it for nearly two years. It _ in Tian Jin. A bought, made B has had, was made C borrow , was made D has sold , is made,happen, take place 不及物，沒有被動,9Lily was made_in the room the whole a

39、fternoon. A study B to study C studies D studying 10 Can you tell me whom the play _ in 1998? A was written by B was written C is written by D is written 11Thousands of trees over the mountains _ by the farmers last year. A planted B was planted C were planted D will plant 12 Our teacher often says

40、the old should _. A be spoken politely B be spoken to politely C be spoken polite D be spoken to polite,13The medicine_ in a dry and cool place A keep B must keep C must be kept D must be keep 14This dictionary mustnt_ from the library A take away B taken away C are taken away D be taken away 15No o

41、ne knows how the huge rocks_ and _ without our modern machines eight hundred years ago A are cut；moved B were cut；move C are cut；moving D were cut；moved 16Many boys and girls are made_ what theyre not _ A to do；interested B to do；interested in C do；interested in D doing；interested,17 Look at the sig

42、n on the right. Oh, parking _here. A doesnt allow B isnt allowed C didnt allow D wasnt allowed 18 Did you go to Sams weekend party? No, I _. A am not invited B wasnt invited C havent invited D didnt invited 19 The telephone_by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A was invented B has been invented C is in

43、vented D will be invented 20 Last year, Li Hua ,a college student, _ to work for the Olympic Games. A is choosing B is chosen C was choosing D was chosen,21The dress _ smooth and soft. A felt B feels C is felt D is feeling 22When you leave the room, make sure the door _. A was locked B is locked C w

44、ill be locked D should be locked 23I want to be a Chinese teacher when I grow up. Thats great. Chinese teachers _ in China and some foreign countries. A need B are needing C are needed D will need 24 More and more people have realized we wont have cleaner water to drink unless something _soon. A was

45、 done B will be done C to be done D is done,feel, look, sound, taste, smell 等系動詞不用被動。,25 English _ in many countries, but Chinese_ their own language. A is spoken, speaks B speaks, is spoken C is spoken, is spoken D is spoken, speak 26The skirt looks different from others and it is nice. Thanks. It _ by my mother last month. A made B is made C has been made D was made 27The children _ to swim las