beidongyutai.ppt

1、go,被動語態(tài)部分,英語的兩大語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài),A.主動語態(tài)中主語是謂語動詞的發(fā)出者。賓語是謂語動詞的對象。 B.被動語態(tài)中主語是謂語動詞的承受者(動作的對象)。 (把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)也就是把主動句中的賓語改為被動句的主語，這是最關鍵的著眼點，同時謂語動詞作相應的變化。) 被動語態(tài)的謂語構成:助動詞be動詞過去分詞,什么時候要用被動語態(tài)呢？ 在下列三種情況之一要用被動語態(tài)： 不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，用被動語態(tài)。 沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，用被動語態(tài)。 需要強調動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài),主動句中謂語動詞的發(fā)出者由by引出，作為by的賓語，也可以省略。 請看以下主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)

2、結構的轉換： 主動語態(tài):主語謂語賓語 被動語態(tài): 例： We clean our classroom every day. （主動） 注意把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時，句子的時態(tài)不能變。如上 例，所給的主動句子是一般現(xiàn)在時，改為被動語態(tài)時，也 要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 如果主動句中的主語是人稱代詞，改為被動句時作介詞 by的賓語，要用賓格。如上例中的主語we改為us。,主語,by+賓語,be+過去分詞,Our classroom,is cleaned,by us,every day,（被動）,把下列主動句改為被動句,Lily writes many letters every day. (主動) They

3、 visited this farm last year.（主動） We have learned 3000 English words so far.（主動）,Many letters,are written,by Lily,every day.,This farm,was visited,by them,last year.,3000 English words,have been learned,by us,so far.,Fill in the blanks with the Passive Voice. 1、Tea _ (grow) in Fujian. 2、Chinese _ (s

4、peak) in China. 3、The bed _ (use) for sleeping. 4、Our classroom _ (clean) every day. 5、The cars _ (make) in Beijing.,is grown,is spoken,is used,is cleaned,are made,翻譯下列句子,電視機關掉了。 The TV set was turned off. 2. 那小偷被抓住了。 The thief was caught. 3. 所有的窗戶都被打破了。 All the windows were broken.,歸納總結方法,把主動語態(tài)改為被動

5、語態(tài)可按“ 、 、 ”來進 行。即： 變把主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，把主動 語態(tài)的主語改為被動語態(tài)的介詞by的賓語。 套根據原句的時態(tài)套用相應時態(tài)。 注意注意人稱的變化而引起的主謂一致問題。 例：Many people speak English. English by many people. He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday.,is spoken,were washed,一變,二套,三注意,各種時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)謂語結構對照表,把下列主動句改為被動句,1. The boy cleaned the

6、 desk a moment ago. The desk was cleaned by the boy a moment ago. 2. We will plant 2000 trees next year. 2000 trees will be planted by us next year. 3. You must keep the room clean and tidy. The room must be kept clean and tidy by you. 4. The police have caught the thief. The thief has been caught b

7、y the police. 5. The farmers are cutting down the trees on the hill. The trees on the hill are being cut down by the farmers.,在被動語態(tài)中要注意的問題,在上面我們已經初步了解了被動語態(tài)的構成和主動變被動的方法。下面 我們接著學習在被動語態(tài)中要注意的問題。 一些使役動詞(let, have, make等)或感觀動詞(see, hear, watch, notice等)在主動語態(tài)中后面接的動詞不定式不帶to，但改為被動語態(tài)時，要 補上to。如： The boss makes

8、 the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. We hear her sing in the r

9、oom every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day. 注意當使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時， doing保持不變。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主動) He was seen going into the shop.(被動),使役動詞和感觀動詞主被動語態(tài)對照表,go,含有短語的被動語態(tài)結構。 一般來說，只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，因為只有及物動詞才有承受者。 但許多不及物動詞加上副詞或介詞構成動詞短語也相當于及物動詞的用法，可以 帶賓語，因而也有被動

10、語態(tài)。動詞短語主要有三種： A 及物動詞+副詞 如： turn off 、 set up 、 carry out 、 put off 、take away 、 turn on 、 hand in 、 move away 、 pass on 、 write down 、put away 、 put on 、 take down 、send away 、 try on 、 put down 、sell out 、 hold on 、 try out 、 send up 、 take off 、 wear out 、wake up 、take out 、dress up 、 give back 、

11、work out 、 get back 、 find out 、pick up 、give up 、 pull up 、 put up 等 B 不及物動詞+介詞 如： look after talk about play with等,C.“動詞+名詞+介詞” 構成的短語。如： take care of、 pay attention to、make use of等動詞短語是不可 分割的整體，在變被動語態(tài)時，不可丟掉構成動詞短語的副詞或介詞。 請看下面的例子： They set up the factory in 2000. The factory was set up in 2000. Our

12、school will put off the School Sports meeting until December. The School Sports meeting will be put off until December. People have talked about the accident . The accident has been talked about. You should pay more attention to your study this year. Your study should be paid more attention to this

13、year. 帶有介詞或副詞的動詞短語，在改為被動語態(tài)時，不能把介詞或副詞 拆開。,帶有雙賓語的被動結構在句中的使用。 有些動詞可以帶兩個賓語，即指人的間賓和指物的直賓?？梢詫⑵渲幸?個賓語提到前面做主語，另一個留在后面。 Her parents bought her a new computer yesterday. She was bought a new computer yesterday. A new computer was bought for her yesterday. They have given me some good advice. I have been given

14、 some good advice. Some good advice has been given to me. She will write a long letter to David Smith. A long letter will be written to David Smith. David Smith will be written a long letter.,buy sth for sb,give sth to sb,帶雙賓語的動詞主要有以下幾個：,give, buy, sell, take, bring, make, hand, pass, keep, send等帶雙賓

15、語 的動詞，改為被動語態(tài)，當用直接賓語作主語時，要根據動詞的習 慣配搭、要在間接賓語前補上介詞to或for. 它們的句型主要有以下幾個： give sth to sb=give sb sthbuy sth for sb=buy sb sth sell sth to sb=sell sb sthtake sth to sb=take sb sth bring sth to sb=bring sb sthmake sth for sb=make sb sth hand sth to sb=hand sb sthpass sth to sb=pass sb sth keep sth for sb=k

16、eep sb sthsend sth to sb=send sb sth 例： He passed me some paper.(主動) Some paper was passed to me by him.（被動） You must keep some fruit for him.(主動) Some fruit must be kept for him.（被動）,三、一些特殊的被動結構,（1）某些系動詞，如feel. smell. taste. sound等加上形容詞， 可用主動語態(tài)表被動意義。,e.g.:The food tastes delicious. The music sounds

17、 very familiar to me.,（2）動詞need. require. want. be worth. deserve后加v.-ing 的主動結構常表示被動含義,e.g.: My watch cant work, it needs repairing. This film is really worth seeing.,need, demand, want(需要）, require, be worth等后用動名詞表被動。 The desk needs repairing. The novel is worth seeing.,注意：need后可接動名詞表被動，又可接動詞不定式的被動形式。但若有附加成分有用動詞不定式的被動形式。比較： The desk needs repairing. The desk needs to be repaired this afternoon.,4) 注意動名詞的被動形式，（being done) Nobod