M3P3 Grammar.ppt

1、,B6M3,Grammar,Objectives,To learn adverbial clauses: having (done) 2. To learn verbs followed by ing or the infinitive with to,語法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可讓學(xué)生從已學(xué)課文中找相應(yīng)例句，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生試著從所觀察到的語言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語言規(guī)則和語法規(guī)律。,Having lost all my old friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school. =I felt shy and lonely bec

2、ause I had lost all my old friends.,Look at the sentences from the passage. Answer the questions below.,Having left something in the cloakroom, I went inside to get it. = I went inside because I had left something in the cloakroom. That weekend, having thought about the situation for a while, I deci

3、ded to ask Roy about the theft. = I decided to confront Roy after I had thought about the situation for a while.,Do the words in red refer to the present or the past? b) Do the two parts of each sentence refer to the same person?,The past.,Yes, they do.,1. After I had been to his house a few times,

4、I started to get to know his family. Having been to his house a few times, I started to get to know his family. 2. After I had talked to him for a while, I started to like him. Having talked to him for a while, I started to like him.,Rewrite the sentences. Begin with the word Having.,3. Because we h

5、ad lived next door to them for years, we were sad when we had to move house. Having lived next door to them for years, we were sad when we had to move house. 4. After we had argued all day, we laughed and agreed that we had been stupid. Having argued all day, we laughed and agreed that we had been s

6、tupid.,_ that she didnt do a good job, I dont think I am abler than her. (2007 陜西) A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying,實戰(zhàn)高考,2. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. (2008 重慶) A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 3. _ around the Water Cube, we were then taken

7、 to see the Birds Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. (2008 陜西) A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show,4. _ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car. (2008 福建) A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited 5. _ man

8、y times, he finally understood it. (2009 四川) A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told,6. Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. (2010 湖南) A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle,7. _to work overtime th

9、at evening, I missed a wonderful film. (2012重慶) A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked,I remember meeting her for the first time. 2. You must remember to keep in touch. 3. I regret doing that now. 4. I regret to say that I have lost touch with four or five friends. (say),動詞是英語

10、中最活躍的詞性之一，其主要作用是在句中作謂語。在謂語動詞后接動詞作賓語時， 主要分為兩種情況： 動詞加動詞不定式 動詞加動名詞,動詞加動詞不定式 能以不定式做賓語的動詞很多， 常見的有：want, hope, wish, agree, try, manage, offer, decide, fail, refuse, ask, pretend, intend, attempt, teach, discuss 等。,I have learned to drive the car. They refused to accept my suggestion. He promised to come.

11、,動詞加動名詞 在enjoy, appreciate, admit, consider, mind, avoid, miss, cant help, deny, practise, allow, finish, imagine, forbid, suggest等動詞之后要求用動名詞作賓語。,a. Have you finished repairing your car? b. She suggested spending another week in the country. c. Do you feel like taking a walk.,這兩種情況在意義上差別不大的詞有：love,

12、like, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt等。 Do you like playing (to play) chess? When did you begin learning (to learn) French?,需要我們注意的是， 有些動詞既可用動詞不定式也可用動名詞作賓語。 這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上有時差別不大， 有時差別較明顯。下面分別說一下這兩種情況：,兩種結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上差別較明顯的動詞有: remember, forget, regret, stop, mean, try等。 I remembered postin

13、g the letter today. 我記得今天把信寄走了。 Please remember to post the letter today. 請別忘了今天把信寄走。,Lets trying doing the work in this way. 這項工作咱們這樣式式看。 I will work hard, and try to improve. 我將努力工作，并設(shè)法改進。,I regret to inform you that you wont be able to attend the class. 我們遺憾地通知你們，你們將不能加 入這個班。 I regretted having d

14、one such a thing. 我后悔做了這樣一件事。 Failing this exam means waiting for a year. 這次考式不通過意味著要等上一年。 I didnt mean to argue with you. 我不想和你爭辯。,隨著語言的發(fā)展， 這些區(qū)別也在逐漸縮小，但需要注意的是：在like, love, prefer等動詞后，若表示經(jīng)常性的抽象的動作，多用動名詞作賓語；若指特定的或具體的行動，則用不定式更多一些。例如：,a. I like swimming, but I dont like to swim today. b. She prefers wa

15、lking to cycling. c. I prefer to stay at home today.,在begin, start等詞的后面， 在下面三種情況下，后接動詞不定式較好: 1. 主語是物而不是人時： Ice begins to melt. 2. 本身是v-ing 形式時: We are starting to clean the classroom. 3. 其后的動詞與想法，感情有關(guān)時： I begin to realize that he is wrong.,Review,非謂語動詞的having done形式； Adverbial clauses: having (done)

16、 2. 非謂語動詞的-ing形式和to do形式。 Verbs followed by -ing or the infinitive with to,我們必須設(shè)法避免犯同樣的錯誤。 2. 完成了家庭作業(yè)，那個男孩出去踢足球。 3. 你是否考慮過找一位摯友? 4. 這個年輕人被一顆子彈擊中，倒在 地上 。 5. 我永遠不會忘記見到過那位著名作家。 6. 生病兩個星期了，她感到身體很虛弱。,漢譯英,Answers,1. 我們必須設(shè)法避免犯同樣的錯誤。 We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake,3. 你是否考慮過找一位摯友? Have you c

17、onsidered looking for one special friend?,2. 完成了家庭作業(yè)， 那個男孩出去踢 足球。 Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play football.,4. 這個年輕人被一顆子彈擊中，倒在 地上 。 Having been shot by a bullet, the young man fell down on the ground.,6. 生病兩個星期了，她感到身體很虛弱。 Having been ill for two weeks, she felt very weak.,5. 我

18、永遠不會忘記見到過那位著名作家。 I shall never forget seeing the famous writer,1. As a new driver, I have to practise _ the car in my small garage again and again. (2008上海春) A. parking B. to park C. parked D. park 2. Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced _ their homes. (2008上海春) A.

19、 leaving B. to leave C. to be left D. being left,實戰(zhàn)高考,3. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. (2008 湖南) A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived 4. The message is very important, so it is supposed _ as soon as possib

20、le. (2008 陜西) A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending,5. I still remember _ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. (2009 陜西) A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken 6. Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. (2009 上海) A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold,7. David threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the dam