中考英語(yǔ)名詞復(fù)習(xí).ppt

1、專題-名詞,第一章 名詞,一、中考考查重點(diǎn),可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞 名詞的單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù) 名詞所有格 單位詞 名詞作定語(yǔ),e.g a drop of water,考點(diǎn)揭密,1.掌握名詞的概念、分類，名詞可分為：普通名詞和專有名詞； 2.掌握名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成、用法；名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法及用法； 3.理解名詞在句中的功能，掌握名詞作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)的用法； 4.能夠辨析部分名詞的用法區(qū)別，并熟練運(yùn)用，如：family, home, house, work, job等. 5.主謂一致的用法。,概念 1.表示一類人或事物個(gè)體的名詞叫個(gè)體名詞：book ，eraser ， hous

2、e ， chair， student， waiter 表示由若干個(gè)個(gè)體組合成的集合體的名詞稱為集體名詞: class ， family ， group， team 物質(zhì)名詞表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物的名詞: milk ，water ， coffee ， tea 抽象名詞表示狀態(tài)品質(zhì)感情等抽象概念的名詞: idea ， happiness ， love ，knowledge， information， advice,可數(shù)名詞的特點(diǎn) 1. 有單復(fù)數(shù) 2. 修飾詞與不可數(shù)名詞不同，如：many, a great many of, a few, few 專門修飾可數(shù)名詞，不能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 3. 特殊疑

3、問(wèn)句問(wèn)數(shù)量時(shí)，用 how many 來(lái)問(wèn)。 (1) 單數(shù)名詞: a +（形容詞）+單數(shù) 注意：a 用于輔音音素前，如： a house, a yellow car, a book, a teacher, a pear,(2)單數(shù)名詞：an+（形容詞）+單數(shù) 注意： *an 用于元音音素前 *注意后面所跟的詞的第一個(gè)字母的發(fā)音，是否發(fā)音。 *注意后面跟的詞的第一個(gè)字母如是元音字母u，所發(fā)的音是否/ju:/,如是，不定冠詞就用a,an eraser，,an uncomfortable seat,an evening，,an apple，,an orange，,an e-mail,an egg，,a

4、n example，,an exciting thing，,an alarm clock,an answer，,an anut，,an uncle，,an action movie,an actor,an afternoon，,an art club，,an event,an English student，,an ID card,記住特殊：an honest ，an hour , a university student, a UFO,（1） 一般詞尾 直接加s: cap-caps task-tasks star-stars tree-trees house-houses exercise-

5、exercises student-students,（2） 以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾加es: bus-buses box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes 但：stomach-stomachs,（3）以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，把f或fe改為ves: shelf-shelves lifelives knife-knives leaf-leaves wifewives halfhalves wolf-wolves 例外：roof/roofs chief/chiefs,2.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 (規(guī)則變化),（4) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i+es: sto

6、rystories babybabies countrycountries partyparties dictionry-dictionaries 例外：daydays boy- boys toy-toys play-plays,（5）以o結(jié)尾的詞，有生命力的加es,沒(méi)有生命力的加s:( zeros/zeroes 都可以) a. potato-potatoes hero-heroes tomatotomatoes (例外：bamboos) b. radio/radios piano/pianos zoo/zoos photo/photos,讀法,不規(guī)則變化,詞本身發(fā)生特殊變化：,單復(fù)同形：,（

7、1）man 改成men: manmen ,womanwomen gentlemangentlemen policemanpolicemen gentleman-gentlemen(紳士） (2) oo改成ee: footfeet ， toothteeth goosegeese (3) 其它：mousemice ，child children,sheep sheep deer deer ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese fish-fish,3. 表示“某國(guó)人”的名詞，其變化有三種情況,單復(fù)數(shù)相同：a Japanese - five Japanese a Chines

8、e -two Chinese,將man變?yōu)閙en: a Frenchman - two Frenchmen ( Englishman-Englishmen Englishwoman - Englishwomen ,Dutchman-Dutchmen,以an結(jié)尾的名詞，在后面+s: a German - five Germans ( Russian-Russians American-Americans Indian-Indians Italian -Italians Korean-Koreans AustralianAustralians Canadian-Canadians),4. 常以復(fù)數(shù)

9、形式出現(xiàn)的名詞,trousers glasses shorts pants socks physics goods貨物 news clothes woods森林 thanks fireworks 煙花 scissors,5. 復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,a. 將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),looker-on lookers-on 旁觀者 father-in-law fathers-in-law繼父 son-in-law-sons-in-law女婿 go-between-go-betweens 中間人 grow-up-grow-ups 成人 a boy studentboy students 男學(xué)生 a flow

10、er shopflower shops 花店 a dining room dining rooms 餐室 an apple tree-apple trees 蘋果樹 girl student-girl students 女學(xué)生 twin sister-twin sisters 雙胞姐妹 twin brother-twin brothers 雙胞兄弟 stone bridge-stone bridges 石頭橋,b. 當(dāng)名詞的第一個(gè)構(gòu)成部分為man或 woman時(shí)，將2個(gè)構(gòu)成部分均變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),a woman teacher - two women teachers a man nurse -two

11、 men nurses a man teacher-many men teachers a woman doctor-three women doctors,不可數(shù)名詞的特點(diǎn) ( 1 )只有單數(shù)形式，一般沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 （）不與不定冠詞a/an 搭配 （）表示數(shù)量時(shí)與量詞搭配 Eg: a box of milk /a piece of news （）與修飾詞 much/a little /a bit of/a great deal of 搭配 （5）問(wèn)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)時(shí)用How much,但問(wèn)不可數(shù)名詞前的量詞時(shí)則用how many +量詞of+ 不可數(shù)名詞 ? 如： *My mother bu

12、ys two kilos of meat every day. How much meat does your mother buy every day? *My mother buys two kilos of meat every day. How many kilos of meat does your mother buy every day?,可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的共同特點(diǎn),(1)可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的形容詞：some /any/a lot of /lots of/plenty of +可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞 （2）定冠詞既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 如： the pear

13、 ,the house,the water,the air, the homework, the meat, the advice (3)有些可數(shù)名詞也是不可數(shù)名詞，但意思有所不同.,既可做可數(shù)名詞，又做不可數(shù)名詞的：,可數(shù)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞,a paper paper 紙 a glass glass 玻璃 an iron iron 鐵 a room room 空間 a chicken chicken 雞肉 a beauty beauty 美 a youth youth 青春 a fish fish 魚肉,一張報(bào)紙 一個(gè)玻璃杯 一個(gè)熨斗 一個(gè)房間 一只小雞 一個(gè)美人 一個(gè)青年 一條魚,如何表示不

14、可數(shù)名詞的量 1.表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時(shí)，通過(guò)可數(shù)的詞來(lái)表示其量,表示結(jié)構(gòu)為“數(shù)詞+表量的名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”。 如：a piece of bread -two pieces of bread , a bag of rice-three bags of rice a bottle of ink-five bottles of ink a piece of news-four pieces of news a piece of advice, a block of ice, a piece of work, a cup of tea a basket of food, a drop of w

15、ater a box of milk-two boxes of milk,如： A piece of meat is on the table. Two pieces of meat are on the table. 2.可用不定量的詞來(lái)表示量： much money, some rice, most corn a little water, a bit of milk, some paper, a great deal of water , all work , little time, lots of money, a lot of time,第二部 專題詞匯 名詞,考點(diǎn)揭密 典型例題解

16、析 課時(shí)訓(xùn)練,1)作主語(yǔ) My teachers are good to us. The students study hard. Love is everything. Water is important. An apple is on the desk. Beijing is out countrys capital. The Internet is very useful.,名詞的作用,2)作賓語(yǔ) We have three pens. We all like English. 3)作表語(yǔ) All of them are policemen. 4)作賓補(bǔ)(對(duì)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明） They c

17、all me Lucy. 5)做定語(yǔ)（多用單數(shù)形式;但womanman做定語(yǔ)是應(yīng)與被修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式保持一致） We have a class meeting today. Those are apple trees. We can see many men doctors there.,主謂一致,當(dāng)class, family, team, group, public 等集體名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果看成一個(gè)整體，動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)；看成一個(gè)個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，就用復(fù)數(shù)。,e.g The class are waiting for her. Toms family _ rather big. Toms fa

18、mily _ film fans.,is,are,2. news, maths, politics 表示單數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。,e.g The news makes her very happy. Maths _ not easy for him.,is,3. 像goods, compasses, chopsticks, shoes, glasses, trousers, savings,belongs ，shorts,pants,stocks, scissors 等表示復(fù)數(shù)含義的詞，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,e.g The shoes hers. The savings _ for your futur

19、e use.,are,請(qǐng)辨析: A pair of glasses _ on the table. Two pairs of glasses _ on the table.,is,are,are,4. police, people(人們), youth(青年們) 只有單數(shù)形式，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,e.g The police are gathering in the street. The Chinese people _ peace.,love,但是: people當(dāng)“民族”，youth當(dāng)“男青年”講時(shí)，有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,e.g He is a youth of 20. Many En

20、glish-speaking peoples _ this book.,like,5. 像deer、sheep等單復(fù)同形的詞，動(dòng)詞單復(fù)根據(jù)具體情況定,e.g A deer is over there in the field. A group of deer _ over there in the field.,are,6. The poet and musician _ present at the party. The singer and dancer _ just arrived. The bread and the butter _ ready. Bread and butter _

21、 her usual breakfast. 涂了黃油的面包,was,has,are,is,8. Both and 的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,e.g. Both he and his father _ there.,were,7. 采取就近一致原則的句型結(jié)構(gòu)：,There be e.g. There _ a book and two apples on the desk. not onlybut also e.g Not only you but also he _ right. eitheror e.g Either he or I _ wrong. neithernor e.g Neither

22、 she nor I _ right.,is,is,am,am,e.g Five minutes _ enough to do this. Ten miles journey _ tiring for us. A boats length _ as long as the bed. Two pounds weight _OK.,is,is,表示時(shí)間、距離 、金額、度量、書名、國(guó)名等的數(shù)名詞，看作整體，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 e.g Eight hours of sleep_ enough for you . Ten dollars _ too much to pay.,is,is,is,is,10. e

23、ach + 單名 + and + each + 單名 every +單名 + and +every + 單名 no +單名 + and + no + 單名,each of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞,every / each +單名+ and + 單名,等結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，名詞都表示單數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。,e.g. Each boy and each girl _ seen the film. No teacher and no student _ come yet. Every knife, fork , and spoon _ to be bought. Each of the

24、students _ a dictionary.,has,has,has,has,The old man（together) with his two sons _ left for America . Miss Wang as well as his friends _ waiting there . Most of the students in our class except Li Lei _ sports every week.,has,is,11. 注: 由 as well as, together with, with, besides, but, except 等詞連接兩個(gè)名詞

25、做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞形式根據(jù)這些詞前面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)定。,play,12. part of / most of / some of / half of / all of /the rest of / lots of/ a lot of / plenty of 后接名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)of后的名詞決定，如是可數(shù)名詞謂語(yǔ)就用復(fù)數(shù)，如果是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 但one of +可數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)總用單數(shù)。,e.g Half of his money _ gone . Half of his books _ new. All of the food _ missing. All of he

26、r friends _ very honest. One of my friends_ English.,is,are,is,are,speaks,13. 不可數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。,e.g A lot of water is flowing the river . Some meat was bought from the store. A piece of meat was found on the table. A bottle of mile is in her hands. A piece of soap is on the drawer.,are,are,注意：但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前的

27、數(shù)量詞是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：Two baskets of meat under the table . Three bottles of milk in my cupboard.,又如： Two bags of broccoli are on the table. 14.用不定量的詞來(lái)修飾的不可數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)： much money, some rice, most corn a little water, a bit of milk, some paper, a great deal of water , all work , little time, lots

28、of money, a lot of time Much money is in his bag. Some paper was put in her backpack.,Exercises: 1.Oh,there isnt enough_for us in the lift.-It doesnt matter. Lets wait for the next. A. ground B floor Cplace Droom 2.You must look after those_. A.dog B.sheep C.parrot Dcat 3.In our school there are for

29、ty_and eight hundred and sixty_. A.Woman teachers;girl students B.Women teachers;girl students C.Women teachers; girls students Dwoman teachers; girl students,【例1】Today is September 10th.Its_Day.天津 A.Teachers B.Teachers C.the Teachers D.Teachers,典型例題解析,【例2】 Im afraid that there is no_ for you in my

30、car,because there are already five people.山西 A.land B.ground C.room D.floor ,B,C,【例3】 These Germans want to have some_for supper,so they decide to catch_now.天津 A.fish,many B.fishes,much C.fish,much D.fishes,many,【例4】 I am thirsty.Would you bring me_,please? 廣東 A.some bread B.some water C.some cakes

31、D.some eggs,【例5】 Some_are flying kites near the river. 長(zhǎng)沙 A.child B.boy C.boys D.childs,A,B,C,1.The rich_not always happy. A.are B.is C.have D.has 2.In Britain,_are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box 3.There are four_and two_in the group. A.Japanese，Germen B.J

32、apaneses，Germen C.Japanese，German D.Japanese，Germans 4.She was born in Wuhan,but Beijing has become her second_. A.home B.family C.house D.country 5.Mother brought me_. A.a good news B.a piece of news C.many good news D.two news,課時(shí)訓(xùn)練,A,A,D,A,B,6.March 8th is _Day. A.Womans B.Womens C.Womans D.Women

33、7.We can do the work better with_money and _ people. A.less,fewer B.fewer,less C.little,little D.few, few 8.There are three_in our class. A.Zhous B.Zhous C.Zhous D.Zhouss 9.Its about ten_walk. A.minutes B.minutes C.minute D.minutes 10.This room is_. A.Bill and Davids B.Bills and Davids C.Bills and Davids D.Bill and David,課時(shí)訓(xùn)練,(B),(A),(B),(B),(A),11.Beijing is one of the most beautiful_in China. A.city B.cities C.citys D.the cities 12.Would you like_? A.some more meat B.any more meat