高中必修一直接引語變間接引語詳解

1、直接引語變間接引語（賓語從句）1 直接引語和間接引語的定義。直接引語：直接引用別人的話叫直接引語，間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語。直接引語前后加引號；間接引語不必加引號。He said, “ Im a student.” （直接引語）He saidthat he was a student.（間接引語）主句從句主句從句2 當直接引語為特殊疑問句變間接引語形成賓語從句時，首先要注意用特殊疑問詞，其后用陳述語序的句子，同時注意人稱、時態(tài)、時間狀語，連接詞，語序的變化.（一）人稱的變化規(guī)則：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。一隨主引號內(nèi)的第一人稱變間引后與主句主語的人稱保持一致He say

2、s,” I like math very much . He says that he likes math very much .二隨賓引號內(nèi)的第二人稱變間引后與主句賓語的人稱保持一致HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly三不用變引號內(nèi)的第三人稱在變間引后去人稱不變Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”Shetoldmethattheywantedhelphim（二）時態(tài)變化賓語從句時態(tài)變化規(guī)則：主現(xiàn)從不限；主過從四過（即4種過去的時態(tài)：一般過去時；過去進行時；過去將來時；過去完成

3、時）；客觀真理，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。1.主句一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可用任意時態(tài)。2.主句過去時，從句用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時改成一般過去時；現(xiàn)在進行時改成過去進行時；一般將來時改成過去將來時；一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時改成過去完成時。3.主句過去時，從句是客觀真理時，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。 Teacher told us: The moon moves round the earth.Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.主句的時態(tài)從句的時態(tài)例句一般現(xiàn)在時 He says所需的任何時態(tài) He says,”he likes math very

4、 much . He says that he likes math very much 一般過去時 He said直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時He said, “ he is a student.” He said that he was a student現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時He said,“he is reading.”He said that he was reading一般將來時過去將來時He said,“he will go home”He said that he would go home一般過去時過去完成時He said，“he went home”He said t

5、hat he had gone home現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時He said，“he has gone home”He said that he had gone home過去完成時過去完成時He said，“he had gone home”He said that he had gone home(三)時間狀語變化直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthesethatthose時間狀語nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaylast weekthree days agotomorrownext weekthenthat daythat nightthat weekthe

6、 day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next day/ the following daythe next week/ the following week地點狀語herethere動詞comebringgotake(四)連接詞1從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。2從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。3從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。注意：當who為主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其他直接引語連接詞例句注意事項陳述

7、句 that（常省略） He said to me, “ you can help her.”He said to me (that) I could help her.1. 連接詞：that2.引述動詞said, said to sbtold sb,等一般疑問句if / whether.“是否”He asked her, “ Do you love me?”He asked herwhether she loved him.1.改為“陳述語序”。2.引述動詞asked3.去掉Do, Does, Did改變Are, Is, Will, Can位置特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞：what, who,why

8、,how, which,whenHe asked his wife, “How are you?”He asked his wife how she was.He asked me, “ What color do you like?”He asked mewhat color I liked.1.改為“陳述語序”2.去掉Do, Does, Did改變Are, Is, Will, Can位置祈使句肯定ask(tell) sb. to do sthHe shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.”He told Lily to close the door.1. 不用連接詞

9、2. 不改變時態(tài)。3. 無須考慮語序否定ask (tell)sb. not to do sth.He said to me, “Dont be late.”He asked me not to be late.注意：1. 語序不變的有：What the matter with you? Whats wrong with you? 但Whats the trouble with you?的語序要變 1）從句中有or / or not 。例：she asks whether he stayed 。2.只用whether 2）與不定式to do 連用。例：I cant decide whether to tell him the news 3) 在介詞后。例：they are talking aboutwhether they can afford the new house用法是有區(qū)別的，但當if/whether同時出現(xiàn)在選項中的時候，我們要選whether3.賓語從句語序：陳語述序，即：連接詞+主語+謂語+其它。或連接詞（此時連接詞充當主語）+謂語+其它。陳述語序中： be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞不能提到主語前。例：1）can you tell me where is the hospital (錯） can you tell me where the hospital is.(對