英語語法之賓語從句

1、賓語從句一、賓語從句的定義在句中起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞：連詞：that (that ?？墒÷?,whether, if代詞：who, whom，whose, what ,which，whatever，whichever，whoever等副詞：when ,where, how, why 等。賓語從句分三類：動詞的賓語從句；介詞的賓語從句；形容詞的賓語從句。（1） 動詞的賓語從句：作動詞的賓語大多數(shù)及物動詞可以帶賓語從句，有些動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句。 I heard that he would come here later on. （2）介詞的賓語從句：作介詞的賓語

2、一般情況下，介詞后只用wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句。Hesaidnothing about who broke the window last night. （3）形容詞的賓語從句：作形容詞的賓語 在afraid，certain，glad，happy，pleased，sure，surprise，satisfied，sorry等表示感情的形容詞后可接賓語從句。 Im sorry you are having trouble in making friends.二、賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）的用法1.that，if/whether引導(dǎo) that，whether，if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時都只起連接作用，不作

3、句子成分。That無意義且可省略，而whether/if意為“是否”，故不可省略。He told me that he would go to the college the next year. I dont know if there will be a bus any more.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 2.連接代詞引導(dǎo)當(dāng)連接代詞who, whom，whose, what ,which，whatever，whichever，whoever等引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，可以在賓語從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。每個連詞都有自己特定的意

4、義，一般不能省略。The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?3.連接副詞引導(dǎo) 當(dāng)連接副詞when，where，why，how，however等引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，可以在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，表示時間、地點、方式、原因等。每個副詞都有自己特定的意義，一般不能省略。有時how many和how much也可以引導(dǎo)賓語

5、從句。 He didnt tell me when we should meet again. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 三.賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即：連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。即使主句為疑問句語序，從句也用陳述句語序。I dont know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave

6、? 四.賓語從句的時態(tài)1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句根據(jù)實際情況使用任何時態(tài)。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well. I hope you will find these ideas useful.2.主句是過去時態(tài)，從句須用過去時態(tài)的某種形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time. 3.當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時，即使主句是過去時，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例句：The teacher told his class that light travel

7、s faster than sound. 五、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移1.當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。例句：I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.2.主句的謂語動詞是think ,believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致. 例句：I do

8、nt believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我認(rèn)為那個人不是Jim所殺的,是不是? I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?3.如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞(不包含帶有否定前綴的詞，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反義疑問句要用肯定形式. 例句：We find that he never listens to

9、 the teacher carefully, does he? 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從不仔細(xì)聽老師講課，是不是？4.當(dāng)主句的主語是第二、三人稱時，其反義疑問句一般與主句保持一致。例句：Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engineer, do they? She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does sh

10、e?六、賓語從句中that不能省略的情況1、當(dāng)句中的動詞后接多于兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，第一個that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better 2.當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時，that一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 3.當(dāng)

11、that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時，that不可省。例句：I cant tell him that his mother died. 4.當(dāng)it作形式賓語時 例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it作形式賓語。5.當(dāng)賓語從句前置時 例句：That our team will win，I believe6.當(dāng)that作learn, suggest, explain, agree, wonder, prove, mean, state, feel, hold

12、等動詞的賓語時。 例句：She suggest that we get up early.七、賓語從句中只用whether或只能用if的情況1.只能用whether，不能用if：在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時，尤其是直接與or not連用時，往往用whether（ifor not也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）I dont know whether if he does any washing or not（I dont know w

13、hether or not he does any washing）I wonder whether we stay or whether we go在介詞之后用whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes EnglishWere thinking about whether we can finish the work on time在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old manHe hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train

14、 whether置于句首時，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say 引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question若用if會引起歧義時，則用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book.可理解為：bIf you like the book，please let me know 2.只能用if不能用whether的情況1）if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“如果”The students will

15、go on a picnic if it is sunny. 2）if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday. 3）引導(dǎo)狀語從句even if（即使）和as if（好象）時He talks as if he has known all about it. 練習(xí)題1(1)I dont think he is right,_?Aisnt he Bis he Cdo I Ddont I(2). He believes she is right, _?Adoesnt he Bdoes he Cis she Disnt she(3

16、).I thought that he disliked playing football,_?Adidnt he Bdid he Cdid I Ddidnt I(4). I find _ important that we practice English every day.A. it B. this C. that D. what(5). You cant imagine _when they received the nice gift.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D

17、. they were how excited練習(xí)題2(1) I dont know _or not.A. whether he is at home B. if he is at homeC. that he is at home D. whether is he at home(2) This depends on _ the weather is fine.A. which B. whether C. if D. that(3) The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in.A. which B. where C. if D. t

18、hat(4) I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. Hell help us with our English.A. why B. when C. how D. where(5) - Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said? David?- Yes, MumA. what B. that C. why D. if(6) - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is?- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bri

19、dge Street. Im not sure of _.A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really dont know _.A. what should I choose B. which I should chooseC. which should I choose D. what I should choose練習(xí)題3(1) Did you find out _?A. she was lookin

20、g for whose child B. whose child was she looking forC. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for(2) Are you interested in _?A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it(3) I dont know _. Can you tell me?A. how the two players are old B. how old are t

21、he two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are(4) - What did the scientist say?- He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day.A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _?A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where（6）She asked Tom _ with his car?A. what the matter was B. what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what is the matter練習(xí)題4(1) Its 7:30. I cant believe you_ cooking dinn